Diana Morales-de-Anda, A. Cupul-Magaña, C. Aguilar-Betancourt, Gaspar González-Sansón, F. Rodríguez-Zaragoza, A. Rodríguez-Troncoso
Herbivorous fish can mediate spatial competition between algae and corals, which is crucial for coral ecosystems. However, in areas with limited coral coverage like the Mexican tropical Pacific (MTP), this dynamic is not fully understood. This study, using a functional trait approach and ordination analysis, explores whether herbivorous reef fish assemblage influences the benthic habitat components or if physicochemical factors define the habitat variability in the MTP’s Cleofas and Marietas insular systems. We analyzed if this relationship persisted across systems and over time, and identified species traits tied to habitat variability. Island comparison analyses between Cleofas and Marietas reveal that both herbivorous reef fish and physicochemical variables shape the habitat. Cleofas had larger mobile herbivorous fish that formed groups related mostly to macroalgae cover. In contrast, temporal analysis of Marietas shows that the habitat is primarily shaped by physicochemical variables with herbivorous fish being mainly small farmer species related to branching corals. Notably, these closely situated insular systems present varied ecosystem mediators, influenced by diverse drivers including fish traits and environmental factors. This study underscores the potential of employing a framework of ecological species traits combined with ordination methods to unravel the distinct site dynamics that contribute to the persistence of coral ecosystems within the MTP.
{"title":"Herbivorous Reef Fish Interaction with the Habitat and Physicochemical Variables in Coral Ecosystems in the Mexican Tropical Pacific","authors":"Diana Morales-de-Anda, A. Cupul-Magaña, C. Aguilar-Betancourt, Gaspar González-Sansón, F. Rodríguez-Zaragoza, A. Rodríguez-Troncoso","doi":"10.3390/oceans5010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans5010002","url":null,"abstract":"Herbivorous fish can mediate spatial competition between algae and corals, which is crucial for coral ecosystems. However, in areas with limited coral coverage like the Mexican tropical Pacific (MTP), this dynamic is not fully understood. This study, using a functional trait approach and ordination analysis, explores whether herbivorous reef fish assemblage influences the benthic habitat components or if physicochemical factors define the habitat variability in the MTP’s Cleofas and Marietas insular systems. We analyzed if this relationship persisted across systems and over time, and identified species traits tied to habitat variability. Island comparison analyses between Cleofas and Marietas reveal that both herbivorous reef fish and physicochemical variables shape the habitat. Cleofas had larger mobile herbivorous fish that formed groups related mostly to macroalgae cover. In contrast, temporal analysis of Marietas shows that the habitat is primarily shaped by physicochemical variables with herbivorous fish being mainly small farmer species related to branching corals. Notably, these closely situated insular systems present varied ecosystem mediators, influenced by diverse drivers including fish traits and environmental factors. This study underscores the potential of employing a framework of ecological species traits combined with ordination methods to unravel the distinct site dynamics that contribute to the persistence of coral ecosystems within the MTP.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauricio Ulloa, Miguel A. Rivero, Antonio Fernández
Strandings caused by anthropogenic factors are one of the most worrying threats in relation to the conservation of cetacean species, and in the case of Chile, due to its geography and large extension of the coastline, monitoring and access to these events is difficult, making their study more complex. Chile has a shortage of specialized scientific forensic research facilities for cetaceans; however, for this study, it was able to collect data recorded from official institutions and sporadic scientific biological sampling oriented to investigate the causes of death or stranding. According to the Chilean government official database, we described that the main causes of unusual mortality events (UME) and mass strandings from 2015 and 2016 were acute poisoning by biotoxins and strandings by multiple possible causes, respectively, while individual strandings would have their causes in anthropogenic activities, such as entanglements in fishing and aquaculture gears and collisions with vessels. The predominant species in mass strandings was the sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). The geographical area of greatest prominence in mass strandings was the Aysén Region in the Central Patagonia of Chile, while the species mostly involved in individual strandings along the south-central, central, and northern coasts of Chile was the small porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis). The most common gross pathological findings were advance decay of the carcasses and non-specific wounds of different natures.
{"title":"Contribution to the Knowledge of Cetacean Strandings in Chile between 2015 and 2020","authors":"Mauricio Ulloa, Miguel A. Rivero, Antonio Fernández","doi":"10.3390/oceans5010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans5010001","url":null,"abstract":"Strandings caused by anthropogenic factors are one of the most worrying threats in relation to the conservation of cetacean species, and in the case of Chile, due to its geography and large extension of the coastline, monitoring and access to these events is difficult, making their study more complex. Chile has a shortage of specialized scientific forensic research facilities for cetaceans; however, for this study, it was able to collect data recorded from official institutions and sporadic scientific biological sampling oriented to investigate the causes of death or stranding. According to the Chilean government official database, we described that the main causes of unusual mortality events (UME) and mass strandings from 2015 and 2016 were acute poisoning by biotoxins and strandings by multiple possible causes, respectively, while individual strandings would have their causes in anthropogenic activities, such as entanglements in fishing and aquaculture gears and collisions with vessels. The predominant species in mass strandings was the sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). The geographical area of greatest prominence in mass strandings was the Aysén Region in the Central Patagonia of Chile, while the species mostly involved in individual strandings along the south-central, central, and northern coasts of Chile was the small porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis). The most common gross pathological findings were advance decay of the carcasses and non-specific wounds of different natures.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Irrawaddy dolphin is found in the coastal and estuarine areas of West Penang, Malaysia. Studies were conducted to estimate the site fidelity, residence index, and population size of Irrawaddy dolphins in West Penang. Photo-identification studies were conducted using boat surveys from 2019 to 2021. Thirty-nine marked Irrawaddy dolphins were identified, with thirty-six newly identified individuals and three individuals observed in 2013. Resightings of four individuals indicated that they were found north of Sungai Burung and Sungai Pinang in West Penang. The majority of individuals had low sighting rates, ranging from 2.6 to 7.7%, with three individuals having medium sighting rates, the highest being 15.4%. The residence index was 0.01 for all 36 individuals, and the highest value of 0.36 was recorded for one individual. Using open population models and closed models, the population size was determined to be 64 or and 52, respectively. The results suggest that although there is a population present, it is probably open, as the residence index is low. The population size appeared to be stable from 2013 to 2021. This information will inform conservation managers of the best way forward for the conservation of Irrawaddy dolphins in Penang.
{"title":"Preliminary Studies on Site Fidelity, Residence Index, and Population Size of Irrawaddy Dolphins in West Penang, Malaysia","authors":"Nurul Filzati Ali, L. Rajamani","doi":"10.3390/oceans4040029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4040029","url":null,"abstract":"The Irrawaddy dolphin is found in the coastal and estuarine areas of West Penang, Malaysia. Studies were conducted to estimate the site fidelity, residence index, and population size of Irrawaddy dolphins in West Penang. Photo-identification studies were conducted using boat surveys from 2019 to 2021. Thirty-nine marked Irrawaddy dolphins were identified, with thirty-six newly identified individuals and three individuals observed in 2013. Resightings of four individuals indicated that they were found north of Sungai Burung and Sungai Pinang in West Penang. The majority of individuals had low sighting rates, ranging from 2.6 to 7.7%, with three individuals having medium sighting rates, the highest being 15.4%. The residence index was 0.01 for all 36 individuals, and the highest value of 0.36 was recorded for one individual. Using open population models and closed models, the population size was determined to be 64 or and 52, respectively. The results suggest that although there is a population present, it is probably open, as the residence index is low. The population size appeared to be stable from 2013 to 2021. This information will inform conservation managers of the best way forward for the conservation of Irrawaddy dolphins in Penang.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hart, M. Dziobak, Randall S. Wells, Elizabeth J. Berens McCabe, Eric Conger, Tita Curtin, Maggie Knight, John Weinstein
Microplastic ingestion was reported for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting Sarasota Bay, FL, USA, a community that also has prevalent exposure to plasticizers (i.e., phthalates) at concentrations higher than human reference populations. Exposure sources are currently unknown, but plastic-contaminated prey could be a vector. To explore the potential for trophic exposure, prey fish muscle and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tissues and contents were screened for suspected microplastics, and particle properties (e.g., color, shape, surface texture) were compared with those observed in gastric samples from free-ranging dolphins. Twenty-nine fish across four species (hardhead catfish, Ariopsis felis; pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera; pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides; and Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta) were collected from Sarasota Bay during September 2022. Overall, 97% of fish (n = 28) had suspected microplastics, and GIT abundance was higher than muscle. Fish and dolphin samples contained fibers and films; however, foams were common in dolphin samples and not observed in fish. Suspected tire wear particles (TWPs) were not in dolphin samples, but 23.1% and 32.0% of fish muscle and GIT samples, respectively, contained at least one suspected TWP. While some similarities in particles were shared between dolphins and fish, small sample sizes and incongruent findings for foams and TWPs suggest further investigation is warranted to understand trophic transfer potential.
{"title":"Plastic, It’s What’s for Dinner: A Preliminary Comparison of Ingested Particles in Bottlenose Dolphins and Their Prey","authors":"L. Hart, M. Dziobak, Randall S. Wells, Elizabeth J. Berens McCabe, Eric Conger, Tita Curtin, Maggie Knight, John Weinstein","doi":"10.3390/oceans4040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4040028","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic ingestion was reported for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting Sarasota Bay, FL, USA, a community that also has prevalent exposure to plasticizers (i.e., phthalates) at concentrations higher than human reference populations. Exposure sources are currently unknown, but plastic-contaminated prey could be a vector. To explore the potential for trophic exposure, prey fish muscle and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tissues and contents were screened for suspected microplastics, and particle properties (e.g., color, shape, surface texture) were compared with those observed in gastric samples from free-ranging dolphins. Twenty-nine fish across four species (hardhead catfish, Ariopsis felis; pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera; pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides; and Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta) were collected from Sarasota Bay during September 2022. Overall, 97% of fish (n = 28) had suspected microplastics, and GIT abundance was higher than muscle. Fish and dolphin samples contained fibers and films; however, foams were common in dolphin samples and not observed in fish. Suspected tire wear particles (TWPs) were not in dolphin samples, but 23.1% and 32.0% of fish muscle and GIT samples, respectively, contained at least one suspected TWP. While some similarities in particles were shared between dolphins and fish, small sample sizes and incongruent findings for foams and TWPs suggest further investigation is warranted to understand trophic transfer potential.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Violeta Martínez-Castillo, Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso, Amílcar Leví Cupul-Magaña
Intervention techniques to restore coral communities have become an important management tool to help recover and rehabilitate damaged reefs. The direct transplantation of healthy coral fragments is the most common method; however, there is controversy in the long-term success, as using coral clones may diminish the genetic diversity of the coral population. Genetic recombination can be achieved when the coral colony produces gametes and eventually reproduces; therefore, it is important to provide evidence that restored colonies produce gametes as their naturally recruited counterparts with similar colony size (age). Natural and restored Pocillopora coral colonies of the same size range (between 40 and 50 cm in diameter) were tagged and sampled during the rainy season to determine gamete maturation. Our results show no differences in the reproductive activity among colonies: natural and restored coral colonies matured gametes from June to October, with a peak in sexually active coral colonies in July. Also, gamete malformation was not observed. During the gamete production period, the area’s temperature ranged from 27.9 to 30.02 °C. The results’ evidence that coral colonies formed through active restoration contribute not only to the increase in live coral cover as seen in previous studies but potentially contribute in the medium term (>5 years after out-planting) to the production of larvae and local and subsidiary recruitment, since they exhibit the same reproductive patterns as their naturally formed counterparts and no differences in the reproductive activity among coral colonies. Therefore, long-term coral restoration projects contribute to maintaining the live coral cover and the genetic diversity in the region, eventually rehabilitating the coral community.
{"title":"Evidence of Sexual Reproduction in Out-Planted Coral Colonies","authors":"Violeta Martínez-Castillo, Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso, Amílcar Leví Cupul-Magaña","doi":"10.3390/oceans4040024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4040024","url":null,"abstract":"Intervention techniques to restore coral communities have become an important management tool to help recover and rehabilitate damaged reefs. The direct transplantation of healthy coral fragments is the most common method; however, there is controversy in the long-term success, as using coral clones may diminish the genetic diversity of the coral population. Genetic recombination can be achieved when the coral colony produces gametes and eventually reproduces; therefore, it is important to provide evidence that restored colonies produce gametes as their naturally recruited counterparts with similar colony size (age). Natural and restored Pocillopora coral colonies of the same size range (between 40 and 50 cm in diameter) were tagged and sampled during the rainy season to determine gamete maturation. Our results show no differences in the reproductive activity among colonies: natural and restored coral colonies matured gametes from June to October, with a peak in sexually active coral colonies in July. Also, gamete malformation was not observed. During the gamete production period, the area’s temperature ranged from 27.9 to 30.02 °C. The results’ evidence that coral colonies formed through active restoration contribute not only to the increase in live coral cover as seen in previous studies but potentially contribute in the medium term (>5 years after out-planting) to the production of larvae and local and subsidiary recruitment, since they exhibit the same reproductive patterns as their naturally formed counterparts and no differences in the reproductive activity among coral colonies. Therefore, long-term coral restoration projects contribute to maintaining the live coral cover and the genetic diversity in the region, eventually rehabilitating the coral community.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdenaim Minoubi, Nezha Mejjad, Khalid El Khalidi, Mohammed Bouchkara, Ahmed Fadili, Mohamed Chaibi, Bendahhou Zourarah
This study assesses the spatial distribution and contamination level of heavy metals in Safi Bay surface sediments. In this order, 28 surface sediment samples were retrieved from the study area and analyzed using the x-fluorescence method. To assess the contamination of the examined sediment, we used geo-ecological indices such as contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), geo accumulation index, and pollution load index (PLI). The results show that only Pb and Cd present moderate and considerable contamination in some sampling sites, while other elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni) indicate no contamination and low contamination by these elements. The inhomogeneous distribution of metal concentrations along the bay suggests different heavy metal sources. Given the ecological and socioeconomic importance of the study area, there is a need for a further analysis of both sediments and biological samples for a better understanding of the contamination levels and origin of metals, in addition to the sustainability of Safi Bay.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Contamination Level Assessment of Marine Sediment of the Safi Bay (Moroccan Atlantic Coast)","authors":"Abdenaim Minoubi, Nezha Mejjad, Khalid El Khalidi, Mohammed Bouchkara, Ahmed Fadili, Mohamed Chaibi, Bendahhou Zourarah","doi":"10.3390/oceans4040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4040023","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the spatial distribution and contamination level of heavy metals in Safi Bay surface sediments. In this order, 28 surface sediment samples were retrieved from the study area and analyzed using the x-fluorescence method. To assess the contamination of the examined sediment, we used geo-ecological indices such as contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), geo accumulation index, and pollution load index (PLI). The results show that only Pb and Cd present moderate and considerable contamination in some sampling sites, while other elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni) indicate no contamination and low contamination by these elements. The inhomogeneous distribution of metal concentrations along the bay suggests different heavy metal sources. Given the ecological and socioeconomic importance of the study area, there is a need for a further analysis of both sediments and biological samples for a better understanding of the contamination levels and origin of metals, in addition to the sustainability of Safi Bay.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"31 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabio Quezada-Perez, Sebastián Mena, Cindy Fernández-García, Juan José Alvarado
In the past decades, one of the most widely reported phenomena on Caribbean reefs is the general fall in coral cover and rise in macroalgae. Reefs with low coral cover and high macroalgal abundances are often presumed to provide poorer ecosystem functions and services. In this study, we assessed the condition of coral reefs on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica and determined how eight key ecosystem metrics varied in response to different coral and fleshy macroalgae covers. Most reefs surveyed had high fleshy macroalgae and low live coral covers, with an average (±SD) of 31 ± 28% and 14 ± 13% per site. The value of many of the ecosystem metrics estimated for coral reefs of the region appears to be lower than what has been reported for other areas in the Caribbean. We found that the rugosity, urchin density, fish richness, total fish biomass, large fish density, and the potential fishery value of the reef were higher in sites with low fleshy macroalgae covers (<10%). Our results concur with the prevailing paradigm that an increase in macroalgae abundance could reduce the ecosystem services provided by coral reefs.
{"title":"Status of Coral Reef Communities on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica: Are We Talking about Corals or Macroalgae Reefs?","authors":"Fabio Quezada-Perez, Sebastián Mena, Cindy Fernández-García, Juan José Alvarado","doi":"10.3390/oceans4030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4030022","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decades, one of the most widely reported phenomena on Caribbean reefs is the general fall in coral cover and rise in macroalgae. Reefs with low coral cover and high macroalgal abundances are often presumed to provide poorer ecosystem functions and services. In this study, we assessed the condition of coral reefs on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica and determined how eight key ecosystem metrics varied in response to different coral and fleshy macroalgae covers. Most reefs surveyed had high fleshy macroalgae and low live coral covers, with an average (±SD) of 31 ± 28% and 14 ± 13% per site. The value of many of the ecosystem metrics estimated for coral reefs of the region appears to be lower than what has been reported for other areas in the Caribbean. We found that the rugosity, urchin density, fish richness, total fish biomass, large fish density, and the potential fishery value of the reef were higher in sites with low fleshy macroalgae covers (<10%). Our results concur with the prevailing paradigm that an increase in macroalgae abundance could reduce the ecosystem services provided by coral reefs.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136374197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231775
Luka Zurak, Jessica Meier, R. Kullock, Bert Hecht, T. Feichtner
Coupling of free electrons with electromagnetic fields near but below the plasma frequency of confined metallic nanostructures leads to plasmonic resonances. Their spectral response is strongly dependent on the geometry, i.e., for nanorods, changes in the aspect ratio of the cross-section to the length shift the resonance frequency. In this way, plasmonic resonances can be tuned from blue to infrared, but not actively.
{"title":"Fast Electrical Modulation of Single Plasmonic Nano-Rod Resonance","authors":"Luka Zurak, Jessica Meier, R. Kullock, Bert Hecht, T. Feichtner","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231775","url":null,"abstract":"Coupling of free electrons with electromagnetic fields near but below the plasma frequency of confined metallic nanostructures leads to plasmonic resonances. Their spectral response is strongly dependent on the geometry, i.e., for nanorods, changes in the aspect ratio of the cross-section to the length shift the resonance frequency. In this way, plasmonic resonances can be tuned from blue to infrared, but not actively.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73461623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232330
Lisa Lopez, F. Druon, Patrick Georges, F. Balembois
Er:Cr:YSGG is a well know crystal with laser emission at 2.79 μm [1] useful for medical applications and particularly for dentistry [2]. Energy transfer between Cr and Er allows to pump this crystal with flashlamps. In a search for new sources emitting in the SWIR, we propose to revisit this crystal with a new way of pumping: with LEDs. Er:Cr:YSGG generally operates on its ${ }^{4} mathrm{I}_{11 / 2}{ }^{-4} mathrm{I}_{13 / 2}$ transition for laser emission at 2.79 μm. Its ${ }^{4} mathrm{I}_{13 / 2}{ }^{-4} mathrm{I}_{15 / 2}$ transition around 1.6 $mu mathrm{m}$ can also be investigated for spontaneous emission. Indeed, this wavelength range is interesting for high-brightness, spectrally broadband and incoherent sources in the SWIR adapted for InGaAs cameras. In order to collect the spontaneous emission efficiently, a geometry of luminescent concentrator (LC) can be used [3]. The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance of Er:Cr:YSGG on both transitions.
{"title":"LED-pumped Er:Cr:YSGG","authors":"Lisa Lopez, F. Druon, Patrick Georges, F. Balembois","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232330","url":null,"abstract":"Er:Cr:YSGG is a well know crystal with laser emission at 2.79 μm [1] useful for medical applications and particularly for dentistry [2]. Energy transfer between Cr and Er allows to pump this crystal with flashlamps. In a search for new sources emitting in the SWIR, we propose to revisit this crystal with a new way of pumping: with LEDs. Er:Cr:YSGG generally operates on its ${ }^{4} mathrm{I}_{11 / 2}{ }^{-4} mathrm{I}_{13 / 2}$ transition for laser emission at 2.79 μm. Its ${ }^{4} mathrm{I}_{13 / 2}{ }^{-4} mathrm{I}_{15 / 2}$ transition around 1.6 $mu mathrm{m}$ can also be investigated for spontaneous emission. Indeed, this wavelength range is interesting for high-brightness, spectrally broadband and incoherent sources in the SWIR adapted for InGaAs cameras. In order to collect the spontaneous emission efficiently, a geometry of luminescent concentrator (LC) can be used [3]. The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance of Er:Cr:YSGG on both transitions.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73488451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231832
Adrien Bouscal, Anaïs Chochon, M. Kemiche, S. Mahapatra, Nikos Fayard, J. Berroir, Tridib Ray, J. Greffet, F. Raineri, Ariel Levenson, K. Bencheikh, C. Sauvan, A. Urvoy, Julien Laurat
Interfacing cold neutral atoms and photons guided in nanoscale waveguides has raised a large interest over the recent years, with a wealth of emerging opportunities. Arrays of atoms can be trapped in the evanescent field of guided modes and the strong transverse confinement enables to increase the individual atom-photon coupling in single pass. Remarkable experimental advances have been obtained with optical nanofibers [1], but photonic crystals waveguides (PCW) are very promising as they allow for precise dispersion engineering. Despite these promises, trapping atoms in the vicinity of such PCWs is still at its infancy.
{"title":"A Robust Half-W1 Photonic Crystal Waveguide Platform for Interfacing Trapped Cold Atoms with Slow Light","authors":"Adrien Bouscal, Anaïs Chochon, M. Kemiche, S. Mahapatra, Nikos Fayard, J. Berroir, Tridib Ray, J. Greffet, F. Raineri, Ariel Levenson, K. Bencheikh, C. Sauvan, A. Urvoy, Julien Laurat","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231832","url":null,"abstract":"Interfacing cold neutral atoms and photons guided in nanoscale waveguides has raised a large interest over the recent years, with a wealth of emerging opportunities. Arrays of atoms can be trapped in the evanescent field of guided modes and the strong transverse confinement enables to increase the individual atom-photon coupling in single pass. Remarkable experimental advances have been obtained with optical nanofibers [1], but photonic crystals waveguides (PCW) are very promising as they allow for precise dispersion engineering. Despite these promises, trapping atoms in the vicinity of such PCWs is still at its infancy.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"283 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73649377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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