Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231732
Marinus Huber, M. Trubetskov, W. Schweinberger, P. Jacob, M. Žigman, F. Krausz, I. Pupeza
Infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy is a popular tool for a wide range of applications due to its ability to obtain label-free chemical information from virtually any sample [1], [2]. An important aspect for its widespread use is that IR spectra, when carefully measured and processed, are largely instrument-independent, and thus comparable. This has enabled the assembly of databases containing numerous spectra of chemicals, which are being used, e.g., to identify and quantify unknown substances in samples via chemometric approaches.
{"title":"Standardising Electric-Field-Resolved Molecular Fingerprints","authors":"Marinus Huber, M. Trubetskov, W. Schweinberger, P. Jacob, M. Žigman, F. Krausz, I. Pupeza","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231732","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy is a popular tool for a wide range of applications due to its ability to obtain label-free chemical information from virtually any sample [1], [2]. An important aspect for its widespread use is that IR spectra, when carefully measured and processed, are largely instrument-independent, and thus comparable. This has enabled the assembly of databases containing numerous spectra of chemicals, which are being used, e.g., to identify and quantify unknown substances in samples via chemometric approaches.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"240 2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232790
P. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, J. Safioui, L. Furfaro, L. Larger
Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMR) have received extensive interest recently, as they provide a promising range of compact and versatile components [1]. Among the available substrates, fluoride crystals have attracted particular attention as they combine good optical and mechanical properties together with excellent linear and non-linear behavior [2]. However, crystalline disks with diameters in the millimeter range have so far been realized through mechanical grinding and polishing, which presents strong drawbacks. In this submission we report on the femtosecond laser cutting and shaping of 12 mm-diameter CaF2 resonant disks. The finalized components featured an intrinsic Q-factor of 9.1 108 with significantly reduced processing times as compared to prior methods.
{"title":"Progress in Preforming Whispering Gallery Mode Resonant Disks via Femtosecond Laser Machining","authors":"P. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, J. Safioui, L. Furfaro, L. Larger","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232790","url":null,"abstract":"Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMR) have received extensive interest recently, as they provide a promising range of compact and versatile components [1]. Among the available substrates, fluoride crystals have attracted particular attention as they combine good optical and mechanical properties together with excellent linear and non-linear behavior [2]. However, crystalline disks with diameters in the millimeter range have so far been realized through mechanical grinding and polishing, which presents strong drawbacks. In this submission we report on the femtosecond laser cutting and shaping of 12 mm-diameter CaF2 resonant disks. The finalized components featured an intrinsic Q-factor of 9.1 108 with significantly reduced processing times as compared to prior methods.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73111996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232500
María Duque Gijón, A. Quirce, J. Tiana-Alsina, Angel Valle, Cristina Masoller
Advanced laser modulation techniques have enabled the development of versatile and efficient light sources for quantum communications [1]. In fact, semiconductor lasers are normally used as single-photon sources in most commercial and research quantum key distribution (QKD) systems [2]. In particular, modulated single-mode semiconductor lasers, utilizing gain-switching, optical injection locking and direct phase modulations have been used to implement a great variety of QKD protocols [1]. In recently introduced protocols, like the measurement-device-independent one (MDI) based on the interference of pulses generated by two remote semiconductor laser sources, timing-jitter in gain-switched lasers affects the temporal overlap of the pulses producing a dramatic reduction in the interference visibility [1]. Very recently MDI-QKD systems using optical injection from a semiconductor laser into a gain-switched semiconductor laser have been demonstrated [1]. A reduction of timing-jitter induced by optical injection is then desirable to improve the interference visibility in this type of MDI-QKD systems.
{"title":"Optical Injection-Induced Timing Jitter Reduction in Gain-Switched 1550-nm Discrete Mode Semiconductor Lasers","authors":"María Duque Gijón, A. Quirce, J. Tiana-Alsina, Angel Valle, Cristina Masoller","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232500","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced laser modulation techniques have enabled the development of versatile and efficient light sources for quantum communications [1]. In fact, semiconductor lasers are normally used as single-photon sources in most commercial and research quantum key distribution (QKD) systems [2]. In particular, modulated single-mode semiconductor lasers, utilizing gain-switching, optical injection locking and direct phase modulations have been used to implement a great variety of QKD protocols [1]. In recently introduced protocols, like the measurement-device-independent one (MDI) based on the interference of pulses generated by two remote semiconductor laser sources, timing-jitter in gain-switched lasers affects the temporal overlap of the pulses producing a dramatic reduction in the interference visibility [1]. Very recently MDI-QKD systems using optical injection from a semiconductor laser into a gain-switched semiconductor laser have been demonstrated [1]. A reduction of timing-jitter induced by optical injection is then desirable to improve the interference visibility in this type of MDI-QKD systems.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"232 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73244723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231499
F. B. Basset, M. Valeri, J. Neuwirth, E. Polino, M. Rota, D. Poderini, C. Pardo, G. Rodari, E. Roccia, S. F. C. da Silva, G. Ronco, N. Spagnolo, A. Rastelli, G. Carvacho, F. Sciarrino, R. Trotta
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is at the heart of future secure quantum communication networks as it can enhance security of classical communication strategies. Although prepare-and-measure protocols are the most widely used in practical applications, entangled-based QKD is promising for further improving the degree of security and developing free-trusted node networks. However, free-space link implementations for single photon transmission suffer daylight operations and few works have been demonstrated in this regime. Furthermore, entangled-based QKD in air link has been demonstrated only using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources and never tested using quantum dot devices, despite they potentially overcome SPDC performances in terms of effi-ciency and fidelity of the QKD protocol.
{"title":"Daylight Quantum Key Distribution in a Free-Space Channel Using Entangled Photons Emitted by a Quantum Dot Device","authors":"F. B. Basset, M. Valeri, J. Neuwirth, E. Polino, M. Rota, D. Poderini, C. Pardo, G. Rodari, E. Roccia, S. F. C. da Silva, G. Ronco, N. Spagnolo, A. Rastelli, G. Carvacho, F. Sciarrino, R. Trotta","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231499","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum key distribution (QKD) is at the heart of future secure quantum communication networks as it can enhance security of classical communication strategies. Although prepare-and-measure protocols are the most widely used in practical applications, entangled-based QKD is promising for further improving the degree of security and developing free-trusted node networks. However, free-space link implementations for single photon transmission suffer daylight operations and few works have been demonstrated in this regime. Furthermore, entangled-based QKD in air link has been demonstrated only using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources and never tested using quantum dot devices, despite they potentially overcome SPDC performances in terms of effi-ciency and fidelity of the QKD protocol.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75449122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperspectral imaging is a mapping technique that combines imaging and spectroscopy to characterize and identify the distribution of chemical constituents. A spectral image is a “data cube” with two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension, namely, the full spectrum can be extracted from each pixel in the hyperspectral image. Mid-infrared (MIR) hyperspectral technique realizes “chemical imaging” or “chemical mapping” since it identifies and maps the chemical composition of the object through molecular vibration. However, the limited number of pixels and the low signal-to-noise ratio of MIR detectors prevent high performance of MIR hyperspectral imaging.
{"title":"Hyper Spectral Imaging Using Sub-Half-Cycle Mid-Infrared Pulses","authors":"Yue Zhao, Shota Kusama, Yuji Furutani, Wei-Hong Huang, Chih-Wei Luo, Takao Fuji","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231828","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperspectral imaging is a mapping technique that combines imaging and spectroscopy to characterize and identify the distribution of chemical constituents. A spectral image is a “data cube” with two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension, namely, the full spectrum can be extracted from each pixel in the hyperspectral image. Mid-infrared (MIR) hyperspectral technique realizes “chemical imaging” or “chemical mapping” since it identifies and maps the chemical composition of the object through molecular vibration. However, the limited number of pixels and the low signal-to-noise ratio of MIR detectors prevent high performance of MIR hyperspectral imaging.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75542336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232366
Pierre Pichon, B. Rouze, M. Gay, L. Bramerie, L. Lombard, A. Durécu
There is a growing interest in ground-to-satellite optical communication to go beyond their radio-frequency (RF) counterparts and especially tackle the issue of RF bands saturation [1]. Nevertheless, laser systems used as transmitter in optical feeder links require relatively high power (typically 500 W [2]) but also a high beam quality and wavefront control to maximize transmission through atmospheric turbulences. These specifications are yet difficult to achieve at the same time with this type of high-power laser. Coherent Beam Combining (CBC) enables to achieve power scaling of several laser amplifiers in master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration preserving a safe operating regime [3]. CBC could thus be a solution for the development of the next generation of high-power emitters for telecom applications.
{"title":"Coherent Beam Combining and Telecom Modulation: Reciprocal Impact","authors":"Pierre Pichon, B. Rouze, M. Gay, L. Bramerie, L. Lombard, A. Durécu","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232366","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest in ground-to-satellite optical communication to go beyond their radio-frequency (RF) counterparts and especially tackle the issue of RF bands saturation [1]. Nevertheless, laser systems used as transmitter in optical feeder links require relatively high power (typically 500 W [2]) but also a high beam quality and wavefront control to maximize transmission through atmospheric turbulences. These specifications are yet difficult to achieve at the same time with this type of high-power laser. Coherent Beam Combining (CBC) enables to achieve power scaling of several laser amplifiers in master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration preserving a safe operating regime [3]. CBC could thus be a solution for the development of the next generation of high-power emitters for telecom applications.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73868224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232726
André W. Edvardsen, L. G. Holmen
Laser sources operating around 2.1 μm are attractive for a range of applications in areas such as remote sensing, free-space optical communication, defense and medicine. Most commonly, holmium-doped fibers pumped by thulium-doped fiber lasers at 1.95 μm are used to reach this spectral regime, but several studies have shown that holmium-doped fiber amplifiers have a much lower efficiency than theoretically possible [1]. Coincidentally, the wavelength 2.1μm lies close to the peak Raman shift (~ 13 THz in silica) of the 1.95μm pump. This means that amplifiers can be developed where 2.1 μm light (called Stokes) could be amplified through stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a passive fiber instead of through stimulated emission in a Ho-doped fiber.
{"title":"Nanosecond-Pulsed Hybrid Thulium-Raman Fiber Amplifier at 2.1 $mumathrm{m}$","authors":"André W. Edvardsen, L. G. Holmen","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232726","url":null,"abstract":"Laser sources operating around 2.1 μm are attractive for a range of applications in areas such as remote sensing, free-space optical communication, defense and medicine. Most commonly, holmium-doped fibers pumped by thulium-doped fiber lasers at 1.95 μm are used to reach this spectral regime, but several studies have shown that holmium-doped fiber amplifiers have a much lower efficiency than theoretically possible [1]. Coincidentally, the wavelength 2.1μm lies close to the peak Raman shift (~ 13 THz in silica) of the 1.95μm pump. This means that amplifiers can be developed where 2.1 μm light (called Stokes) could be amplified through stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a passive fiber instead of through stimulated emission in a Ho-doped fiber.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78388488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231904
Yujia Li, Dongmei Huang, Feng Li, P. Wai
The timing information between the pulses of a pair of pulses has been utilized in many applications such as time of flight imaging, LIDAR and optical sensing. The timing jitter between the two pulses in the pulse pair determines the measurement precision [1]. Recently, we have demonstrated timing jitter measurement at attosecond level by using dispersive time stretched self-coherent detection (TSSCD) technique [2]. Attosecond-level measurement is made possible by using the phase information of the beating-frequency signal (BFS) of the chirped pulses and the low noise floor of the laser source used in the measurement. The measurement in [2] is carried out for a single frequency channel. For multi-objective synchronous measurement and quasi-distribution sensing, the number of signal channel is more than one. Thus, simultaneous measurements of the timing jitters in multiple signal channels have to be made. In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous characterization of the timing jitter in two signal channels by using TSSCD. The phase change of the light in each frequency channel induced by the corresponding timing jitter can be independently determined from the BFS of the TSSCD system.
{"title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Sub-Femtosecond Timing Jitter in Two Frequency Channels by Using Time Stretched Self-Coherent Detection","authors":"Yujia Li, Dongmei Huang, Feng Li, P. Wai","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231904","url":null,"abstract":"The timing information between the pulses of a pair of pulses has been utilized in many applications such as time of flight imaging, LIDAR and optical sensing. The timing jitter between the two pulses in the pulse pair determines the measurement precision [1]. Recently, we have demonstrated timing jitter measurement at attosecond level by using dispersive time stretched self-coherent detection (TSSCD) technique [2]. Attosecond-level measurement is made possible by using the phase information of the beating-frequency signal (BFS) of the chirped pulses and the low noise floor of the laser source used in the measurement. The measurement in [2] is carried out for a single frequency channel. For multi-objective synchronous measurement and quasi-distribution sensing, the number of signal channel is more than one. Thus, simultaneous measurements of the timing jitters in multiple signal channels have to be made. In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous characterization of the timing jitter in two signal channels by using TSSCD. The phase change of the light in each frequency channel induced by the corresponding timing jitter can be independently determined from the BFS of the TSSCD system.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78391405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232056
Somarpita Pradhan, T. Kelly, I. Davidson, P. Horak, N. V. Wheeler
Low loss light transmission within gas-filled hollow core optical fibres (HCFs) enables enhanced gas-light interaction and has opened up opportunities for novel and diverse applications, including high sensitivity gas detection, spectroscopy, and non-linear optics [1]. In some applications, such as frequency metrology, a compact HCF-based gas cell can provide significant advantages over a conventional bulk gas cell [2]. Several different methods for integrating HCFs into hermetically sealed gas cells have been demonstrated [2], [3]. Usually these HCF-based gas cells have the same gas pressure and composition in both the core and cladding of the HCF. Recently, we demonstrated that by creating a gas-induced differential refractive index (GDRI) via a differential gas pressure between the core and cladding of a HCF, for example, by selectively increasing the gas pressure in the core, the fibre's optical properties (e.g., loss) can be significantly modified [4]. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we employ this concept in a hermetically sealed HCF-based gas cell. By selectively pressurising the core, we demonstrate an increase in transmission of up to ~ 10 dB at 1100 nm and periodic measurements have so far indicated that this transmission increase is maintained, with no indication of gas permeation or leakage.
{"title":"Enhancing the Optical Properties of Hollow Core Fibre Gas Cells by Selective Core Pressurisation","authors":"Somarpita Pradhan, T. Kelly, I. Davidson, P. Horak, N. V. Wheeler","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232056","url":null,"abstract":"Low loss light transmission within gas-filled hollow core optical fibres (HCFs) enables enhanced gas-light interaction and has opened up opportunities for novel and diverse applications, including high sensitivity gas detection, spectroscopy, and non-linear optics [1]. In some applications, such as frequency metrology, a compact HCF-based gas cell can provide significant advantages over a conventional bulk gas cell [2]. Several different methods for integrating HCFs into hermetically sealed gas cells have been demonstrated [2], [3]. Usually these HCF-based gas cells have the same gas pressure and composition in both the core and cladding of the HCF. Recently, we demonstrated that by creating a gas-induced differential refractive index (GDRI) via a differential gas pressure between the core and cladding of a HCF, for example, by selectively increasing the gas pressure in the core, the fibre's optical properties (e.g., loss) can be significantly modified [4]. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we employ this concept in a hermetically sealed HCF-based gas cell. By selectively pressurising the core, we demonstrate an increase in transmission of up to ~ 10 dB at 1100 nm and periodic measurements have so far indicated that this transmission increase is maintained, with no indication of gas permeation or leakage.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75888547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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