Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232078
Jonathan Webb, Joseph Ho, Federico Grasselli, G. Murta, Alexander Pickston, Andrés Ulibarenna, A. Fedrizzi
Quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) generalises the traditional two-party quantum key distribution (QKD) paradigm to multiple users, enabling them to share a common quantum-safe key. Deriving quantum conference keys from multi-partite entanglement can have significant resource advantages over two-party schemes [1]. Anonymous quantum key agreement (AQCKA) is a related protocol which has been theoretically shown to obtain an even more substantial reduction in network resources when multi-partite entanglement is available and incorporated into the protocol. The addition of anonymity can be useful in circumstances where users require guaranteed secrecy, e.g. for electronic voting, or for whistle blowers.
{"title":"Experimental Anonymous Conference Key Agreement","authors":"Jonathan Webb, Joseph Ho, Federico Grasselli, G. Murta, Alexander Pickston, Andrés Ulibarenna, A. Fedrizzi","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232078","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) generalises the traditional two-party quantum key distribution (QKD) paradigm to multiple users, enabling them to share a common quantum-safe key. Deriving quantum conference keys from multi-partite entanglement can have significant resource advantages over two-party schemes [1]. Anonymous quantum key agreement (AQCKA) is a related protocol which has been theoretically shown to obtain an even more substantial reduction in network resources when multi-partite entanglement is available and incorporated into the protocol. The addition of anonymity can be useful in circumstances where users require guaranteed secrecy, e.g. for electronic voting, or for whistle blowers.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76045407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232094
D. Ludlow, Claire Rader, N. Green, Jeremy A. Johnson
Efficient generation of terahertz (THz) frequencies has been a topic of interest in recent years, and intense pulses of THz light enable nonlinear processes that may be the basis for high-speed technologies to occur. The ability of this THz light to generate new frequencies through optical rectification (OR) and second harmonic generation (SHG) has only been studied in limited situations. The ability of these THz frequencies to cause nonlinear phenomena is of interest and has potential as a useful method of frequency conversion-leading to long term applications in electronic devices. Using 2D THz transmission spectroscopy [1]–[3] on THz generation crystals, we can generate and detect new frequencies of THz light. This 2D spectroscopy enables us to identify clear signatures of optical rectification and second harmonic generation of broadband THz frequency light [1]–[3].
{"title":"Optical Rectification and Second Harmonic Generation of Intense Terahertz Pulses","authors":"D. Ludlow, Claire Rader, N. Green, Jeremy A. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232094","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient generation of terahertz (THz) frequencies has been a topic of interest in recent years, and intense pulses of THz light enable nonlinear processes that may be the basis for high-speed technologies to occur. The ability of this THz light to generate new frequencies through optical rectification (OR) and second harmonic generation (SHG) has only been studied in limited situations. The ability of these THz frequencies to cause nonlinear phenomena is of interest and has potential as a useful method of frequency conversion-leading to long term applications in electronic devices. Using 2D THz transmission spectroscopy [1]–[3] on THz generation crystals, we can generate and detect new frequencies of THz light. This 2D spectroscopy enables us to identify clear signatures of optical rectification and second harmonic generation of broadband THz frequency light [1]–[3].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87472834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232642
P. Gatkine, Nemanja Jovanovic, Greg Sercel, Jeffrey Jewell, J. K. Wallace, Dimitri Mawet
High-resolution spectrographs are essential for major astronomical science cases such as characterizing exoplanet atmospheres, stellar kinematics, chemistry, and probing the mechanisms of the cosmic baryon cycle in the era of extremely large telescopes (ELTs). However, as the telescope diameter grows, the volume, mass, and cost of conventional bulk optics spectrographs on them grow as D2 (D = telescope diameter). The large (several tens of m2) footprints of conventional bulk-optics spectrographs on the ELTs will pose a significant challenge to the thermo-mechanical stability of high-resolution spectrographs, thus reducing their effective precision.
{"title":"A Near-Infrared, On-Chip Astrophotonic Spectrograph with a Resolving Power of 40,000","authors":"P. Gatkine, Nemanja Jovanovic, Greg Sercel, Jeffrey Jewell, J. K. Wallace, Dimitri Mawet","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232642","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution spectrographs are essential for major astronomical science cases such as characterizing exoplanet atmospheres, stellar kinematics, chemistry, and probing the mechanisms of the cosmic baryon cycle in the era of extremely large telescopes (ELTs). However, as the telescope diameter grows, the volume, mass, and cost of conventional bulk optics spectrographs on them grow as D2 (D = telescope diameter). The large (several tens of m2) footprints of conventional bulk-optics spectrographs on the ELTs will pose a significant challenge to the thermo-mechanical stability of high-resolution spectrographs, thus reducing their effective precision.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87621215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231906
S. Wolf, C. Lindner, Tobias Trendle, J. Kießling, Jürgen Wöllenstein, F. Kühnemann
Breath analysis has long been a particular target of interest in the development of laser spectroscopic methods. The possibility of non-invasive sampling of biomarkers and physiological parameters for diagnostics is an attractive goal, and its sensitivity, specificity and fast response make laser spectroscopy a suitable technique to this end. This holds especially for the detection of light-molecule components with high physiological significance such as nitrous oxide (N20)[I] or ammonia (NH3)[2]. Thanks to their particular high sensitivity without the need for bulky long-path cells, photothermal methods are a frequent choice for breath gas analysis [3]–[5].
{"title":"Breath-Resolved Monitoring of Metabolic Trace Gases with Photothermal Spectroscopy","authors":"S. Wolf, C. Lindner, Tobias Trendle, J. Kießling, Jürgen Wöllenstein, F. Kühnemann","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231906","url":null,"abstract":"Breath analysis has long been a particular target of interest in the development of laser spectroscopic methods. The possibility of non-invasive sampling of biomarkers and physiological parameters for diagnostics is an attractive goal, and its sensitivity, specificity and fast response make laser spectroscopy a suitable technique to this end. This holds especially for the detection of light-molecule components with high physiological significance such as nitrous oxide (N20)[I] or ammonia (NH3)[2]. Thanks to their particular high sensitivity without the need for bulky long-path cells, photothermal methods are a frequent choice for breath gas analysis [3]–[5].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"os-11 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87643384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231977
Sebastian Beer, Jeetendra Gour, Umair Mir, A. Alberucci, U. Zeitner, Stefan Nolte
The collective oscillation of free electrons in metals (plasmon) leads to a localized field enhancement at the surface. Structures with periodically arranged metallic nano-particles possess two plasmonic resonances: one from the individual nano-particles (localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR) and one from the collective response triggered by the periodic arrangement (surface lattice resonance, SLR) [1]. Whereas the LSPR is fixed by the sample geometry, the spectral position of the SLR is tuneable with the optical angle of incidence. Both the resonances as well as plasmonic nano-gaps are associated to a strong field enhancement, which can boost nonlinear optical effects.
{"title":"Second Harmonic Generation in Periodical Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanoparticle Arrays","authors":"Sebastian Beer, Jeetendra Gour, Umair Mir, A. Alberucci, U. Zeitner, Stefan Nolte","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231977","url":null,"abstract":"The collective oscillation of free electrons in metals (plasmon) leads to a localized field enhancement at the surface. Structures with periodically arranged metallic nano-particles possess two plasmonic resonances: one from the individual nano-particles (localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR) and one from the collective response triggered by the periodic arrangement (surface lattice resonance, SLR) [1]. Whereas the LSPR is fixed by the sample geometry, the spectral position of the SLR is tuneable with the optical angle of incidence. Both the resonances as well as plasmonic nano-gaps are associated to a strong field enhancement, which can boost nonlinear optical effects.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87864521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232038
Rohin E. McIntosh, Nicholas Bender, A. Yamilov, A. Goetschy, Chia Wei Hsu, Hasan Yilmaz, Hui Cao
Waves propagate diffusively through disordered media, such as biological tissue, clouds, and paint, due to random scattering. Recent advances in optical wavefront shaping techniques have enabled controlling coherent light propagation in multiple-scattering samples. We overcome wave diffusion to deliver optical energy into a target region of arbitrary size and shape anywhere inside a strong-scattering system. This is particularly important for applications such as photoacoustic microscopy and optogenetics, where light needs to be deposited deep into biological tissue. For monochromatic light, we previously introduced the deposition matrix (DM) $mathrm{Z}(omega)$, which maps its input wavefront to the field distribution in the target region [1]. The eigenchannel with the largest eigenvalue provides the wavefront for maximal energy delivery. Since the enhancement is achieved via constructive interference of scattered waves, the optimal wavefront will vary with input wavelength.
{"title":"Delivering Broadband Light Deep into Diffusive Media","authors":"Rohin E. McIntosh, Nicholas Bender, A. Yamilov, A. Goetschy, Chia Wei Hsu, Hasan Yilmaz, Hui Cao","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232038","url":null,"abstract":"Waves propagate diffusively through disordered media, such as biological tissue, clouds, and paint, due to random scattering. Recent advances in optical wavefront shaping techniques have enabled controlling coherent light propagation in multiple-scattering samples. We overcome wave diffusion to deliver optical energy into a target region of arbitrary size and shape anywhere inside a strong-scattering system. This is particularly important for applications such as photoacoustic microscopy and optogenetics, where light needs to be deposited deep into biological tissue. For monochromatic light, we previously introduced the deposition matrix (DM) $mathrm{Z}(omega)$, which maps its input wavefront to the field distribution in the target region [1]. The eigenchannel with the largest eigenvalue provides the wavefront for maximal energy delivery. Since the enhancement is achieved via constructive interference of scattered waves, the optimal wavefront will vary with input wavelength.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87865763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231394
Vera Neef, Julien Pinske, M. Heinrich, Stefan Scheel, A. Szameit
Implementing quantum gates as non-Abelian holonomies, a class of topologically protected unitary operators, is a particularly promising paradigm for the design of intrinsically stable quantum computers [1]. In contrast to dynamic phases, the geometric phase accumulated by a quantum system propagating through a Hilbert space $mathcal{H}$ depends exclusively on its path. In general, geometric phases can exhibit arbitrary dimensionality. Wilczek and Zee introduced the idea of multi-dimensional, non-Abelian geometric phases - so called holonomies [2]. Anandan later dropped the requirement of adiabaticity to create holonomies, that are truly time-independent [3]. Non-adiabatic holonomies rely on a subspace $mathcal{H}_{text{geo}}$ of the Hilbert-space that is spanned by states ${vert Phi_{k}rangle}_{k}$ that fulfill $(Phi_{k}vert hat{H}vert Phi_{j}rangle=0$, where $hat{H}$ is the system's Hamiltonian. Restricting the propagation to $mathcal{H}_{text{geo}}$ ensures parallel transport and, thus, a purely geometric phase (see Fig. 1a) [4], [5]. Quantum optics constitutes a particularly versatile platform for quantum information processing, and in particular for the construction of non-adiabatic holonomic quantum computers: In addition to integration and miniaturization provided by the platform, the bosonic nature of photons also conveniently allows for multiple excitations of the same mode, readily expanding $mathcal{H}_{text{geo}}$ and enabling the synthesis of holonomies from higher symmetry groups $mathrm{U}(N)$ as larger and more capable computational units [6], [7].
{"title":"Non-Adiabatic Holonomic Quantum Gates","authors":"Vera Neef, Julien Pinske, M. Heinrich, Stefan Scheel, A. Szameit","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231394","url":null,"abstract":"Implementing quantum gates as non-Abelian holonomies, a class of topologically protected unitary operators, is a particularly promising paradigm for the design of intrinsically stable quantum computers [1]. In contrast to dynamic phases, the geometric phase accumulated by a quantum system propagating through a Hilbert space $mathcal{H}$ depends exclusively on its path. In general, geometric phases can exhibit arbitrary dimensionality. Wilczek and Zee introduced the idea of multi-dimensional, non-Abelian geometric phases - so called holonomies [2]. Anandan later dropped the requirement of adiabaticity to create holonomies, that are truly time-independent [3]. Non-adiabatic holonomies rely on a subspace $mathcal{H}_{text{geo}}$ of the Hilbert-space that is spanned by states ${vert Phi_{k}rangle}_{k}$ that fulfill $(Phi_{k}vert hat{H}vert Phi_{j}rangle=0$, where $hat{H}$ is the system's Hamiltonian. Restricting the propagation to $mathcal{H}_{text{geo}}$ ensures parallel transport and, thus, a purely geometric phase (see Fig. 1a) [4], [5]. Quantum optics constitutes a particularly versatile platform for quantum information processing, and in particular for the construction of non-adiabatic holonomic quantum computers: In addition to integration and miniaturization provided by the platform, the bosonic nature of photons also conveniently allows for multiple excitations of the same mode, readily expanding $mathcal{H}_{text{geo}}$ and enabling the synthesis of holonomies from higher symmetry groups $mathrm{U}(N)$ as larger and more capable computational units [6], [7].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87971919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231624
Martin Bock, Pia Fuertjes, U. Griebner
An established technique for the study of structural dynamics at atomic time and length scales is ultrafast X-ray diffraction. Laser-driven table-top hard X-ray source at kHz repetition rate brought this technique to a laboratory scale [1]. The X-ray flux can be maximized by using long wavelength few-cycle pulses with energies of several millijoule which was impressively demonstrated with an $5-mumathrm{m}$ optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) driver at 1 kHz recently [2]. For time resolved investigations an X-ray pump-probe line was added to the system. The setup of our midwave-IR-OPCPA-driven $text{Cu}-mathrm{K}alpha$ X-ray source is shown in Fig. 1(a). A small part of the $5-mumathrm{m}$ driver pulses is currently used as pump for the X-ray pump-probe experiments. For the investigation of other samples of interest pump pulses beyond $10 mumathrm{m}$ are required. Here we report on the extension of the system by adding a single-stage OPCPA delivering high-energy ultrashort idler pulses at $11.2 mumathrm{m}$.
{"title":"Few-Cycle $50 upmumathrm{J}$ Pulses at $11.2 mumathrm{m}$ from a Single-Stage OPCPA at 1 kHz","authors":"Martin Bock, Pia Fuertjes, U. Griebner","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231624","url":null,"abstract":"An established technique for the study of structural dynamics at atomic time and length scales is ultrafast X-ray diffraction. Laser-driven table-top hard X-ray source at kHz repetition rate brought this technique to a laboratory scale [1]. The X-ray flux can be maximized by using long wavelength few-cycle pulses with energies of several millijoule which was impressively demonstrated with an $5-mumathrm{m}$ optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) driver at 1 kHz recently [2]. For time resolved investigations an X-ray pump-probe line was added to the system. The setup of our midwave-IR-OPCPA-driven $text{Cu}-mathrm{K}alpha$ X-ray source is shown in Fig. 1(a). A small part of the $5-mumathrm{m}$ driver pulses is currently used as pump for the X-ray pump-probe experiments. For the investigation of other samples of interest pump pulses beyond $10 mumathrm{m}$ are required. Here we report on the extension of the system by adding a single-stage OPCPA delivering high-energy ultrashort idler pulses at $11.2 mumathrm{m}$.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"191 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86941925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232243
M. Segura, Diego Pugliese, Mailyn Ceballos, F. Díaz, M. Aguiló, X. Mateos, N. Boetti, J. Lousteau
Laser devices emitting in the 2 $mu$ m wavelength region are of interest for numerous applications going from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) to biomedicine. Most common 2 μm laser emission relies upon the exploitation of radiative transitions from $text{Ho}^{3+}$ or $text{Tm}^{3+}$ ions either in bulk or thin disk crystals, or in glass fibres as host materials. In the medium to high average power regime (> 10 W), glass bulk lasers cannot be considered due to their poor thermal conductivity. Yet, such laser configuration could prove of interest for short pulse laser generation if one remains in a low to medium (up to 10 W) power operation.
{"title":"Fabrication and Spectroscopy of High-Quality Tm3+-Doped Germanate Glass for 2 $mumathrm{m}$ Laser Emission","authors":"M. Segura, Diego Pugliese, Mailyn Ceballos, F. Díaz, M. Aguiló, X. Mateos, N. Boetti, J. Lousteau","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232243","url":null,"abstract":"Laser devices emitting in the 2 $mu$ m wavelength region are of interest for numerous applications going from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) to biomedicine. Most common 2 μm laser emission relies upon the exploitation of radiative transitions from $text{Ho}^{3+}$ or $text{Tm}^{3+}$ ions either in bulk or thin disk crystals, or in glass fibres as host materials. In the medium to high average power regime (> 10 W), glass bulk lasers cannot be considered due to their poor thermal conductivity. Yet, such laser configuration could prove of interest for short pulse laser generation if one remains in a low to medium (up to 10 W) power operation.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87729538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232663
Stefan Meyer, Tonio F. Kutscher, Philipp Lamminger, Florian Sommer, Sebastian Karpf
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a promising technology for intravital imaging, providing deep tissue penetration, high 3D resolution and low photobleaching [1]. To realize MPM, it is crucial to make maximum use of the nonlinearity of the excitation probability by using high intensity laser illumination. Most often, this is achieved by using femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked laser, however, these pulses suffer from chromatic dispersion and unwanted nonlinearities. Recent research endeavours are exploiting picosecond pulses as pulse-on-demand alternatives [2], [3]. Here, we utilize a Mach-Zehnder-based intensity electro-optic modulator (EOM), which splits an optical beam in two partial beams and induces a phase modulation in one of the partial beams by means of an applied voltage [4]. Being waveguide-based, a small driving voltage of 5V (TTL levels) are required to achieve a $(V_{pi})$ full modulation between constructive and destructive interference. To achieve short picosecond pulses expensive electrical pulse generators are required to provide the short picosecond electrical pulses. In this work we report on a driving signal employing twice the $V_{pi}$ voltage to generate ultra short optical pulses. As shown in Fig. 1, using a voltage of $2V_{pi}$ causes the EOM to jump between two states of maximal suppression in the short time of the rising or falling edge (80/20-times of 35 ps shown) with a very short open state of the EOM in between.
{"title":"Ultra-Short Pulse Modulation with Electro-Optic Modulators","authors":"Stefan Meyer, Tonio F. Kutscher, Philipp Lamminger, Florian Sommer, Sebastian Karpf","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232663","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a promising technology for intravital imaging, providing deep tissue penetration, high 3D resolution and low photobleaching [1]. To realize MPM, it is crucial to make maximum use of the nonlinearity of the excitation probability by using high intensity laser illumination. Most often, this is achieved by using femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked laser, however, these pulses suffer from chromatic dispersion and unwanted nonlinearities. Recent research endeavours are exploiting picosecond pulses as pulse-on-demand alternatives [2], [3]. Here, we utilize a Mach-Zehnder-based intensity electro-optic modulator (EOM), which splits an optical beam in two partial beams and induces a phase modulation in one of the partial beams by means of an applied voltage [4]. Being waveguide-based, a small driving voltage of 5V (TTL levels) are required to achieve a $(V_{pi})$ full modulation between constructive and destructive interference. To achieve short picosecond pulses expensive electrical pulse generators are required to provide the short picosecond electrical pulses. In this work we report on a driving signal employing twice the $V_{pi}$ voltage to generate ultra short optical pulses. As shown in Fig. 1, using a voltage of $2V_{pi}$ causes the EOM to jump between two states of maximal suppression in the short time of the rising or falling edge (80/20-times of 35 ps shown) with a very short open state of the EOM in between.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88433758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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