Pub Date : 2020-09-09eCollection Date: 2020-09-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.519
Btissame El Hassouni, Marika Franczak, Mjriam Capula, Christian M Vonk, Valentina M Gomez, Ryszard T Smolenski, Carlotta Granchi, Godefridus J Peters, Filippo Minutolo, Elisa Giovannetti
Direct targeting of energy metabolism to defeat cancer is not a recent strategy. Although quite a few drugs use cellular metabolism for their antitumor effect, no direct inhibitors of energy metabolism have been approved by the FDA. Currently, several inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), a key player in glycolysis, are in development. Earlier, we demonstrated the efficacy of N-hydroxyindole-based LDH-A inhibitors in different cancer types. In this study we describe the efficacy of NHI-Glc-2, which is designed to dual target cancer cells, by exploiting a simultaneous enhanced glucose uptake by overexpressed glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and by inhibition of LDH-A. NHI-Glc-2 inhibits LDH-A enzyme activity, PANC-1 cell growth and disrupts spheroid integrity, with an overall effect that is more pronounced when combined with gemcitabine.
{"title":"Lactate dehydrogenase A inhibition by small molecular entities: steps in the right direction.","authors":"Btissame El Hassouni, Marika Franczak, Mjriam Capula, Christian M Vonk, Valentina M Gomez, Ryszard T Smolenski, Carlotta Granchi, Godefridus J Peters, Filippo Minutolo, Elisa Giovannetti","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct targeting of energy metabolism to defeat cancer is not a recent strategy. Although quite a few drugs use cellular metabolism for their antitumor effect, no direct inhibitors of energy metabolism have been approved by the FDA. Currently, several inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), a key player in glycolysis, are in development. Earlier, we demonstrated the efficacy of <i>N</i>-hydroxyindole-based LDH-A inhibitors in different cancer types. In this study we describe the efficacy of NHI-Glc-2, which is designed to dual target cancer cells, by exploiting a simultaneous enhanced glucose uptake by overexpressed glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and by inhibition of LDH-A. NHI-Glc-2 inhibits LDH-A enzyme activity, PANC-1 cell growth and disrupts spheroid integrity, with an overall effect that is more pronounced when combined with gemcitabine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38606990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09eCollection Date: 2020-11-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.520
Shrunjal Shah, Sarbajit Mukherjee
{"title":"Pharmacogenomics based precision medicine in gastroesophageal cancers: way to move forward?","authors":"Shrunjal Shah, Sarbajit Mukherjee","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7781489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38829903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09eCollection Date: 2020-09-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.516
Simona Romano, Elena Cesaro, Martina Tufano, Maria Fiammetta Romano
Cancer treatment failure mostly involves the insensitivity of a small, heterogeneous fraction of cancer cells within the tumor mass, endowed with extraordinary plasticity and the ability to self-renew and metastasize [1, 2]. These cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) are, in general, resistant to conventional anti-cancer treatments [1, 2]. Radioand chemotherapy can even result in the enrichment of this cell subset [1, 2]. A cancer research ambition of the last decades is to develop therapies that target the dynamic nature of CSCs and hamper the potential of non-CSCs to switch to CSC-like cells. Several strategies to target CSC-supporting pathways, that are currently under investigation in clinical trials, include impairment of mitochondria, either biogenesis and the metabolism, particularly the oxidative phosphorylation system; contrasting angiogenesis; redirect the CSC genetic program with epigenetic modulators [3]. A caveat is, however, emerging because of the intraand intertumoral diversity of CSCs and the not negligible toxicity of the molecular inhibitors that undermine the success of CSC-targeted approaches [3]. CSCs have a special immunoediting capacity, a process that leads the immune system to play cooperative roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Recent findings show that genes active in the embryo, like Sox2, Oct4, Hippo/ YAP [4], and members of the stemness-associated Wntsignaling pathway [5] contribute to immune evasion of CSC through transcriptional activation of PDL1 expression while disarming dendritic cells. It is worth noting that CSC-enriched subpopulations often show prominent aspects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [2]. Inherent cellular plasticity and chronic inflammatory signals associated with mesenchymal differentiation of cancer cells contribute to immune escape through multiple routes, particularly, Research Perspective
{"title":"Eradication of CSCs: the roadmap for curing cancer.","authors":"Simona Romano, Elena Cesaro, Martina Tufano, Maria Fiammetta Romano","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.516","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer treatment failure mostly involves the insensitivity of a small, heterogeneous fraction of cancer cells within the tumor mass, endowed with extraordinary plasticity and the ability to self-renew and metastasize [1, 2]. These cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) are, in general, resistant to conventional anti-cancer treatments [1, 2]. Radioand chemotherapy can even result in the enrichment of this cell subset [1, 2]. A cancer research ambition of the last decades is to develop therapies that target the dynamic nature of CSCs and hamper the potential of non-CSCs to switch to CSC-like cells. Several strategies to target CSC-supporting pathways, that are currently under investigation in clinical trials, include impairment of mitochondria, either biogenesis and the metabolism, particularly the oxidative phosphorylation system; contrasting angiogenesis; redirect the CSC genetic program with epigenetic modulators [3]. A caveat is, however, emerging because of the intraand intertumoral diversity of CSCs and the not negligible toxicity of the molecular inhibitors that undermine the success of CSC-targeted approaches [3]. CSCs have a special immunoediting capacity, a process that leads the immune system to play cooperative roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Recent findings show that genes active in the embryo, like Sox2, Oct4, Hippo/ YAP [4], and members of the stemness-associated Wntsignaling pathway [5] contribute to immune evasion of CSC through transcriptional activation of PDL1 expression while disarming dendritic cells. It is worth noting that CSC-enriched subpopulations often show prominent aspects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [2]. Inherent cellular plasticity and chronic inflammatory signals associated with mesenchymal differentiation of cancer cells contribute to immune escape through multiple routes, particularly, Research Perspective","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38606988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09eCollection Date: 2020-09-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.517
Karin A Vallega, Shi-Yong Sun
{"title":"Does the natural product, honokiol, have value in the battle against osimertinib resistance?","authors":"Karin A Vallega, Shi-Yong Sun","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38606989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30eCollection Date: 2020-07-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.515
François Bertucci, Steven Van Laere, Daniel Birnbaum
François Bertucci1,2, Steven Van Laere3, Daniel Birnbaum1 1 Laboratoire d’Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13009, France 2 Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France 3 Department of Oncological Research, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
{"title":"Genomic landscape of inflammatory breast cancer identifies potential actionable genetic alterations.","authors":"François Bertucci, Steven Van Laere, Daniel Birnbaum","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.515","url":null,"abstract":"François Bertucci1,2, Steven Van Laere3, Daniel Birnbaum1 1 Laboratoire d’Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13009, France 2 Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France 3 Department of Oncological Research, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7458333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38374705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08eCollection Date: 2020-09-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.514
Emily M Webster, Burak Zeybek, Joan Tymon-Rosario, Alessandro D Santin
{"title":"Sacituzumab govitecan: a promising antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of poorly differentiated endometrial cancer.","authors":"Emily M Webster, Burak Zeybek, Joan Tymon-Rosario, Alessandro D Santin","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38606987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08eCollection Date: 2020-09-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.513
Irina Waisertreiger, Jacqueline Barlow
Genome instability is not only a hallmark of cancer, it is necessary for its initiation and evolution, and naturally accumulates as cells age. Replication stress is a potent source of genome instability found in many tumor types [1]. Chromosomal fragile sites are genomic loci highly prone to DNA damage specifically from replication stress and are frequently mutated in cancer [2-4]2-4]. While tracking the origin of individual mutations has proved challenging, measuring DNA damage and repair at endogenous sites can offer key insights into understanding the etiology of cancer. In the past 15 years, the causal link between replication stress, oncogene activation, and tumor initiation and evolution has become increasingly clear [1, 5-9]. Replication-associated damage accumulates at early stages of tumorigenesis and may promote further transformation. Studying the causes and consequences of fragile site instability can offer a window into the earliest stages of carcinogenesis [10-13]. In particular, fragile site studies will help us understand the molecular underpinnings influencing the frequency of DNA breakage, successful repair processes suppressing genome instability, and unsuccessful repair leading to mutations and chromosome rearrangements. Of these, measuring successful repair is the most challenging as it leaves little evidence behind.
{"title":"Fragile site instability: measuring more than breaks.","authors":"Irina Waisertreiger, Jacqueline Barlow","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome instability is not only a hallmark of cancer, it is necessary for its initiation and evolution, and naturally accumulates as cells age. Replication stress is a potent source of genome instability found in many tumor types [1]. Chromosomal fragile sites are genomic loci highly prone to DNA damage specifically from replication stress and are frequently mutated in cancer [2-4]2-4]. While tracking the origin of individual mutations has proved challenging, measuring DNA damage and repair at endogenous sites can offer key insights into understanding the etiology of cancer. In the past 15 years, the causal link between replication stress, oncogene activation, and tumor initiation and evolution has become increasingly clear [1, 5-9]. Replication-associated damage accumulates at early stages of tumorigenesis and may promote further transformation. Studying the causes and consequences of fragile site instability can offer a window into the earliest stages of carcinogenesis [10-13]. In particular, fragile site studies will help us understand the molecular underpinnings influencing the frequency of DNA breakage, successful repair processes suppressing genome instability, and unsuccessful repair leading to mutations and chromosome rearrangements. Of these, measuring successful repair is the most challenging as it leaves little evidence behind.</p>","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38606986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08eCollection Date: 2020-07-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.512
Dongdong Chen, Robert W Schnepp
{"title":"RNA Binding Protein LIN28B: a prime time player shaping neuroblastoma aggression and metastasis.","authors":"Dongdong Chen, Robert W Schnepp","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7458334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38472142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07eCollection Date: 2020-07-01DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.511
Tao Wei, Paul F Lambert
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide. One of the most critical signaling pathways in HNSCC is the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/ Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (EGFR/PI3K) pathway. IQ motif-containing GTPase- activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a protein upregulated in multiple types of cancer, acts as a scaffold for this pathway and others implicated in cancer. IQGAP1 is overexpressed in HNSCCs, and its overexpression correlates with poorer prognosis in HNSCC patients, indicating that IQGAP1 might be important in HNSCC development. Here, we summarized our recent demonstrating a role of IQGAP1 in promoting HNSCC, at least in part, by scaffolding the EGFR/PI3K signaling pathway.
{"title":"A highway to carcinogenesis: the role of IQGAP1, a signaling scaffolding protein, in head and neck cancer development.","authors":"Tao Wei, Paul F Lambert","doi":"10.18632/oncoscience.511","DOIUrl":"10.18632/oncoscience.511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide. One of the most critical signaling pathways in HNSCC is the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/ Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (EGFR/PI3K) pathway. IQ motif-containing GTPase- activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a protein upregulated in multiple types of cancer, acts as a scaffold for this pathway and others implicated in cancer. IQGAP1 is overexpressed in HNSCCs, and its overexpression correlates with poorer prognosis in HNSCC patients, indicating that IQGAP1 might be important in HNSCC development. Here, we summarized our recent demonstrating a role of IQGAP1 in promoting HNSCC, at least in part, by scaffolding the EGFR/PI3K signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19508,"journal":{"name":"Oncoscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7458336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38472141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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