Latifa Khattabi, Taha Khaldi, Laid Bahri, Mohamed Badreddine Mokhtari, Mustapha Mounir Bouhenna, Asma Temime, Hasna Boural, Khalid Bouhedjar, Houari Hemida, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Mohammed Messaoudi
In the Algerian desert, individuals often enjoy a soothing cup of herbal tea made from Ephedra alata Decne before bedtime; this aids in their relaxation. Our previous and earlier investigations demonstrated the richness of the shrub in terms of polyphenols and flavonoids and their effective medicinal properties. In the light of that fact, our interest has been aroused to check for other types of metabolites and for the protective ability of the shrub crude extract (SCE) regarding chemically induced edema and subacute toxicity (following a formalin-induced paw edema model and using a carbamate pesticide “pirimicarb” as a toxic agent, in Wistar male rats, respectively). Evidently, the SCE was used as a preventive agent. Swelling of formalin-injected foot was measured, and the anti-edematous ability was expressed as a percent of paw edema. At the end of induced subacute toxicity procedure, many investigations were carried, namely, checking for biochemical several parameters (hepatic, renal), hematological parameters, oxidative stress status (OSS), and histological examining of liver, spleen, and kidney tissues. The results revealed a remarkable anti-edematous effect. Furthermore, the association of the SCE effect has clearly minimized the OSS, the tissue aberrations, and the disturbance of the other metabolic parameters, along with a reduced immunodepression that was provoked under the effect of pirimicarb. In conclusion, pirimicarb has an important deleterious impact on metabolic and immune functions, and the studied shrub has exhibited an amazing protective potential against chemically induced inflammation and toxicity.
{"title":"Insights about the deleterious impact of a carbamate pesticide on some metabolic immune and antioxidant functions and a focus on the protective ability of a Saharan shrub and its anti-edematous property","authors":"Latifa Khattabi, Taha Khaldi, Laid Bahri, Mohamed Badreddine Mokhtari, Mustapha Mounir Bouhenna, Asma Temime, Hasna Boural, Khalid Bouhedjar, Houari Hemida, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Mohammed Messaoudi","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"In the Algerian desert, individuals often enjoy a soothing cup of herbal tea made from <jats:italic>Ephedra alata</jats:italic> Decne before bedtime; this aids in their relaxation. Our previous and earlier investigations demonstrated the richness of the shrub in terms of polyphenols and flavonoids and their effective medicinal properties. In the light of that fact, our interest has been aroused to check for other types of metabolites and for the protective ability of the shrub crude extract (SCE) regarding chemically induced edema and subacute toxicity (following a formalin-induced paw edema model and using a carbamate pesticide “pirimicarb” as a toxic agent, in Wistar male rats, respectively). Evidently, the SCE was used as a preventive agent. Swelling of formalin-injected foot was measured, and the anti-edematous ability was expressed as a percent of paw edema. At the end of induced subacute toxicity procedure, many investigations were carried, namely, checking for biochemical several parameters (hepatic, renal), hematological parameters, oxidative stress status (OSS), and histological examining of liver, spleen, and kidney tissues. The results revealed a remarkable anti-edematous effect. Furthermore, the association of the SCE effect has clearly minimized the OSS, the tissue aberrations, and the disturbance of the other metabolic parameters, along with a reduced immunodepression that was provoked under the effect of pirimicarb. In conclusion, pirimicarb has an important deleterious impact on metabolic and immune functions, and the studied shrub has exhibited an amazing protective potential against chemically induced inflammation and toxicity.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study evaluated the potential of Salvia balansae from the Aures Mountains as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Leaves, flowers, and stems were extracted separately using methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Phenolic compounds were quantified colorimetrically and identified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using six different in vitro assays, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ferrous ion chelating, and phenanthroline assay, while the photo-protective capacity was evaluated using the sun protective factor. The methanolic flower extracts revealed the highest O-diphenol and phenolic levels (287.9 ± 0.50 and 147.87 ± 0.21 µg GAE/mg, respectively), whereas the acetonic and ethanolic leaf extracts contained the highest flavonoid (72.17 ± 0.12 μg QE/mg) and flavonol (35.28 ± 0.05 μg QE/mg) levels, respectively. LC-MS was used to identify 18 phenolics, including quinic acid (5.051–69.69 ppm), luteolin-7-o-glucoside (7.802–44.917 ppm), apigenin-7-o-glucoside (3.751–68.507 ppm), and cirsiliol (2.081–15.608 ppm), distinguishing this Aures taxon. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean revealed variability in phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activity influenced by biological activities and the compound content. Overall, S. balansae demonstrated promising photo-protective capacity, the presence of key bioactive compounds, and wide-ranging antioxidant potential, presenting this endemic plant as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and photo-protective agents with pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss","authors":"Khadra Afaf Bendrihem, Azzeddine Zeraib, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Mohamed Aimene Mihoubi, Kenza Kadi, Chawki Bensuici, Messaoud Hachemi, Nour Elhouda Ayeb, Kamel Nagaz, Mohammed Messaoudi","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated the potential of <jats:italic>Salvia balansae</jats:italic> from the Aures Mountains as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Leaves, flowers, and stems were extracted separately using methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Phenolic compounds were quantified colorimetrically and identified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using six different <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> assays, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ferrous ion chelating, and phenanthroline assay, while the photo-protective capacity was evaluated using the sun protective factor. The methanolic flower extracts revealed the highest O-diphenol and phenolic levels (287.9 ± 0.50 and 147.87 ± 0.21 µg GAE/mg, respectively), whereas the acetonic and ethanolic leaf extracts contained the highest flavonoid (72.17 ± 0.12 μg QE/mg) and flavonol (35.28 ± 0.05 μg QE/mg) levels, respectively. LC-MS was used to identify 18 phenolics, including quinic acid (5.051–69.69 ppm), luteolin-7-<jats:italic>o</jats:italic>-glucoside (7.802–44.917 ppm), apigenin-7-<jats:italic>o</jats:italic>-glucoside (3.751–68.507 ppm), and cirsiliol (2.081–15.608 ppm), distinguishing this Aures taxon. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean revealed variability in phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activity influenced by biological activities and the compound content. Overall, <jats:italic>S. balansae</jats:italic> demonstrated promising photo-protective capacity, the presence of key bioactive compounds, and wide-ranging antioxidant potential, presenting this endemic plant as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and photo-protective agents with pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulhalim S. Serafi, Muhammad Ahmed, Imran Shahid, Aisha Azmat, Ammar Bader, Mohammed A. Bafail, Shalan Alaamri, Rizwan Ahmad
Aloe species are known for the treatment of various conditions including diabetes mellitus, hypocholesteremia, and glycation end products. Nevertheless, the biological activity of Aloe armatissima is yet to be reported. It is a first-time report to evaluate the Aloe armatissima leaves (AAL) extract for its antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic potential. In vitro tests of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl for the antioxidant and HSA for the antiglycation activity whereas in vivo models were used to assess the toxicity, antihyperglycemic, and anti-hypercholesteremic effects. The volatile profile was determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The IC50 values of 116 ± 0.66 (μg/mL) for antioxidant activity and 0.21 ± 0.009 (mg/mL) for antiglycation activity were observed for the AAL extract. The acute toxicity in the animal model revealed a lack of toxicity for the extract. The in vivo models exhibited a dose-dependent hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects with significant (P < 0.01) blood glucose levels reduction. Moreover, a profound decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL along with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in HDL and serum insulin levels was recorded. The statistical analysis demonstrated the values of F(24,125) = 23.95, P = 0.001, effect size = 1.95 (normoglycemic mice), F(24,125) = 143.21, P = 0.001, effect size = 4.79 (glucose loaded mice), and F(24,125) = 82.69, P = 0.001, effect size = 3.6 (diabetic model). GCMS showed the presence of eleven compounds with tetratetracontane (100%), β-sitosterol (27.76), and vitamin E (18.68) in major amounts. The results underscore the extract’s capacity to effectively combat various ailments; however, the active phytochemicals need to be isolated and the pharmacological activities may be established at the molecular level.
{"title":"Antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, anti-hypercholesteremic, and toxicity evaluation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling for Aloe armatissima leaves","authors":"Abdulhalim S. Serafi, Muhammad Ahmed, Imran Shahid, Aisha Azmat, Ammar Bader, Mohammed A. Bafail, Shalan Alaamri, Rizwan Ahmad","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Aloe</jats:italic> species are known for the treatment of various conditions including diabetes mellitus, hypocholesteremia, and glycation end products. Nevertheless, the biological activity of <jats:italic>Aloe armatissima</jats:italic> is yet to be reported. It is a first-time report to evaluate the <jats:italic>Aloe armatissima</jats:italic> leaves (AAL) extract for its antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic potential. <jats:italic>In vitro</jats:italic> tests of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl for the antioxidant and HSA for the antiglycation activity whereas <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> models were used to assess the toxicity, antihyperglycemic, and anti-hypercholesteremic effects. The volatile profile was determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values of 116 ± 0.66 (μg/mL) for antioxidant activity and 0.21 ± 0.009 (mg/mL) for antiglycation activity were observed for the AAL extract. The acute toxicity in the animal model revealed a lack of toxicity for the extract. The <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> models exhibited a dose-dependent hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects with significant (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.01) blood glucose levels reduction. Moreover, a profound decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL along with a significant (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.05) increase in HDL and serum insulin levels was recorded. The statistical analysis demonstrated the values of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>(24,125)</jats:sub> = 23.95, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.001, effect size = 1.95 (normoglycemic mice), <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>(24,125)</jats:sub> = 143.21, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.001, effect size = 4.79 (glucose loaded mice), and <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>(24,125)</jats:sub> = 82.69, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.001, effect size = 3.6 (diabetic model). GCMS showed the presence of eleven compounds with tetratetracontane (100%), <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>-sitosterol (27.76), and vitamin E (18.68) in major amounts. The results underscore the extract’s capacity to effectively combat various ailments; however, the active phytochemicals need to be isolated and the pharmacological activities may be established at the molecular level.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mouhcine Ajdi, Younes Gaga, Amine Assouguem, Mohammed Kara, Safaa Benmessaoud, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Azra Skender, Jyoti Singh, Jamila Bahhou
The olive trituration activity is one of the most important industrial activities in Fez, Morocco. These effluents are highly loaded with organic, inorganic, and phenolic compounds without any preliminary treatment that affects water quality. In this sense, the waters of Oued Fez are deteriorating due to the discharge of wastewater from oil mills and the excessive proliferation of Pistia stratiotes L., an invasive macrophyte that represents a significant stress to the aquatic ecosystem, eutrophication, and a reduction in biodiversity. This ecological situation has prompted us to carry out phytotoxicity bioassays based on the detection of the lethal concentration of P. stratiotes in the wastewater from the olive oil mill to evaluate the sensitivity and tolerance of macrophytes to the different concentrations of total polyphenols (TPP) present in the olive mill wastewater. To estimate their impact on the environment. Fresh whole plants of P. stratiotes were exposed to varying concentrations of olive oil mill wastewater with a series of TPP concentrations (0–30 mg/l) for 1 week in the natural environment. The results also show that P. stratiotes is able to grow rapidly in culture with 20 mg/l of TPP; the highest growth of wet weight of P. stratiotes occurred at 20 mg/l treatment with an average of 13 g wet weight increase. At 0 mg/l, treatment is known to cause very slow growth with an average of 2 g. Olive oil mill wastewater was toxic to the plant at concentrations higher than 30 mg/l, and the phytotoxic effect was manifested by retardation of growth, detachment of roots, wilting, and chlorosis of leaves. This indicates that polyphenols have great potential to inhibit the proliferation of P. stratiotes in aquatic environments.
橄榄油三加工活动是摩洛哥非斯最重要的工业活动之一。这些废水中含有大量有机、无机和酚类化合物，未经任何初步处理，影响了水质。从这个意义上说，Oued Fez 的水质正在恶化，原因是油厂排放的废水和 Pistia stratiotes L. 的过度繁殖，这是一种入侵性大型水生植物，对水生生态系统造成了巨大压力、富营养化和生物多样性减少。这种生态状况促使我们开展植物毒性生物测定，通过检测橄榄油厂废水中 P. stratiotes 的致死浓度，评估大型植物对橄榄油厂废水中不同浓度的总多酚（TPP）的敏感性和耐受性。评估它们对环境的影响。在自然环境中，将新鲜的地肤藻整株暴露于不同浓度的橄榄油厂废水中，其中含有一系列 TPP 浓度（0-30 毫克/升），持续 1 周。结果还显示，在 20 毫克/升 TPP 的培养液中，地肤藻能够快速生长；在 20 毫克/升的处理条件下，地肤藻的湿重增长最快，平均增加了 13 克湿重。橄榄油厂废水对植物的毒性浓度高于 30 毫克/升时，植物毒性表现为生长迟缓、根系脱落、枯萎和叶片萎黄。这表明，多酚在抑制水生环境中地衣蛾的增殖方面具有很大的潜力。
{"title":"Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.","authors":"Mouhcine Ajdi, Younes Gaga, Amine Assouguem, Mohammed Kara, Safaa Benmessaoud, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Azra Skender, Jyoti Singh, Jamila Bahhou","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0027","url":null,"abstract":"The olive trituration activity is one of the most important industrial activities in Fez, Morocco. These effluents are highly loaded with organic, inorganic, and phenolic compounds without any preliminary treatment that affects water quality. In this sense, the waters of Oued Fez are deteriorating due to the discharge of wastewater from oil mills and the excessive proliferation of <jats:italic>Pistia stratiotes</jats:italic> L., an invasive macrophyte that represents a significant stress to the aquatic ecosystem, eutrophication, and a reduction in biodiversity. This ecological situation has prompted us to carry out phytotoxicity bioassays based on the detection of the lethal concentration of <jats:italic>P. stratiotes</jats:italic> in the wastewater from the olive oil mill to evaluate the sensitivity and tolerance of macrophytes to the different concentrations of total polyphenols (TPP) present in the olive mill wastewater. To estimate their impact on the environment. Fresh whole plants of <jats:italic>P. stratiotes</jats:italic> were exposed to varying concentrations of olive oil mill wastewater with a series of TPP concentrations (0–30 mg/l) for 1 week in the natural environment. The results also show that <jats:italic>P. stratiotes</jats:italic> is able to grow rapidly in culture with 20 mg/l of TPP; the highest growth of wet weight of <jats:italic>P. stratiotes</jats:italic> occurred at 20 mg/l treatment with an average of 13 g wet weight increase. At 0 mg/l, treatment is known to cause very slow growth with an average of 2 g. Olive oil mill wastewater was toxic to the plant at concentrations higher than 30 mg/l, and the phytotoxic effect was manifested by retardation of growth, detachment of roots, wilting, and chlorosis of leaves. This indicates that polyphenols have great potential to inhibit the proliferation of <jats:italic>P. stratiotes</jats:italic> in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Bibi, Muhammad Waseem, Nageen Hussain, Tariq Aziz, Abdullah F. Alasmari
Understanding ten significant of dengue virus a paramount due to its persistent threat across the globe causing numerous epidemic and millions of deaths every year. Despite advancement in healthcare, emerging outbreaks continue to claim millions of lives annually. The virus with its various serotype possesses a significant challenge to public health worldwide, its transmission through the arthropods which feed on the blood of higher animals further exacerbates its impact. This elucidating the mechanism and factor contributing to dengue virus pathogenicity is essential for developing strategies to combat its spreading. A systemic review is done while studying about Dengue virus serotypes to evaluate the relationship of dengue with other viral load and to develop an inhibitor in viral protein by using different bioinformatics tools in silico molecular docking. Phytochemicals were chosen to hit the target site of protein for inhibiting its active site in pathogenesis of Dengue virus. A phylogenetic lineage was observed of virus with other members of its family. Dengue virus has same similarities in some part of genomic structure with other viruses. Data bases were used to trace the genome of the virus. Different components of virus were analyzed and link was developed among those components within virus and other family members. Protein docking was performed by using the bioinformatics software auto docking. A pharmaceutical drug designing was developed to create inhibitor of protein structure in Dengue virus serotype-2. A comprehensive review of the methodology employed in our study including the experimental and computational techniques were utilized. Further we presented the results by analysis of genetic variation MCP-1 polymorphism and docking phytochemical inhibitors.
{"title":"Investigating the interplay of genetic variations, MCP-1 polymorphism, and docking with phytochemical inhibitors for combatting dengue virus pathogenicity through in silico analysis","authors":"Maryam Bibi, Muhammad Waseem, Nageen Hussain, Tariq Aziz, Abdullah F. Alasmari","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding ten significant of dengue virus a paramount due to its persistent threat across the globe causing numerous epidemic and millions of deaths every year. Despite advancement in healthcare, emerging outbreaks continue to claim millions of lives annually. The virus with its various serotype possesses a significant challenge to public health worldwide, its transmission through the arthropods which feed on the blood of higher animals further exacerbates its impact. This elucidating the mechanism and factor contributing to dengue virus pathogenicity is essential for developing strategies to combat its spreading. A systemic review is done while studying about Dengue virus serotypes to evaluate the relationship of dengue with other viral load and to develop an inhibitor in viral protein by using different bioinformatics tools in silico molecular docking. Phytochemicals were chosen to hit the target site of protein for inhibiting its active site in pathogenesis of Dengue virus. A phylogenetic lineage was observed of virus with other members of its family. Dengue virus has same similarities in some part of genomic structure with other viruses. Data bases were used to trace the genome of the virus. Different components of virus were analyzed and link was developed among those components within virus and other family members. Protein docking was performed by using the bioinformatics software auto docking. A pharmaceutical drug designing was developed to create inhibitor of protein structure in Dengue virus serotype-2. A comprehensive review of the methodology employed in our study including the experimental and computational techniques were utilized. Further we presented the results by analysis of genetic variation MCP-1 polymorphism and docking phytochemical inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda Safia Hashmi, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Adnan, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Asif Kamal, Majid Iqbal, Alevcan Kaplan, Nasir Assad, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Saeedah Musaed Almutairi, Wajid Zaman
Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized the medical field, particularly in the treatment and prevention of disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered one of the best supreme and most important nanomaterials with a variety of compulsive nanomaterial having diverse array of multifunctional bioapplications. The current study focuses on the green biosynthesis of AgNPs using polysaccharides extracted from Olea europaea leaves. The synthesized AgNPs were thoroughly analyzed and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption peak at 440 nm showed a high plasmon resonance band, confirming the formation of green AgNPs by the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. FTIR analysis showed the appearance and extension of different functional groups. The results of EDX and SEM confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs with spherical shape, crystalline structure, and an average size of 64.42 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs possessed improved antimicrobial activities, indicating the importance of biosynthesized NPs in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs were biocompatible and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity (86.29%), almost similar to that of a standard drug (87.78%) at a concentration of 500 µL/mL. The polysaccharides obtained from O. europaea could be considered as effective reducing agent, leading to an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable and biologically important AgNPs with a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes","authors":"Syeda Safia Hashmi, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Adnan, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Asif Kamal, Majid Iqbal, Alevcan Kaplan, Nasir Assad, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Saeedah Musaed Almutairi, Wajid Zaman","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized the medical field, particularly in the treatment and prevention of disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered one of the best supreme and most important nanomaterials with a variety of compulsive nanomaterial having diverse array of multifunctional bioapplications. The current study focuses on the green biosynthesis of AgNPs using polysaccharides extracted from <jats:italic>Olea europaea</jats:italic> leaves. The synthesized AgNPs were thoroughly analyzed and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption peak at 440 nm showed a high plasmon resonance band, confirming the formation of green AgNPs by the reduction of Ag<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ions to Ag<jats:sup>0</jats:sup>. FTIR analysis showed the appearance and extension of different functional groups. The results of EDX and SEM confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs with spherical shape, crystalline structure, and an average size of 64.42 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs possessed improved antimicrobial activities, indicating the importance of biosynthesized NPs in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs were biocompatible and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity (86.29%), almost similar to that of a standard drug (87.78%) at a concentration of 500 µL/mL. The polysaccharides obtained from <jats:italic>O. europaea</jats:italic> could be considered as effective reducing agent, leading to an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable and biologically important AgNPs with a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The synthesis of the nanomaterial is crucial for its characteristics, as well as physiological features. Green nanoparticle production, which reduces metal ions using natural extracts rather than industrial chemical agents, has been created to lower costs, minimize pollution, and improve environmental and human health safety. An aqueous and methanolic extract of a combination of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta peel was utilized for the green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. UV–Visible, Fourier-transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning of electron microscopy (SEM) and other techniques were employed to describe the prepared cobalt nanoparticles. The crystal structure of cobalt nanoparticles was revealed by XRD study. The SEM images of the cobalt nanoparticles revealed the usual subdivision dimensions of 20–30 nm. Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract derived from the combination of the two plants mentioned above and the biosynthesized cobalt nanoparticles was assessed. The result showed that the crude extract and cobalt nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity and cobalt nanoparticles exhibited much higher activity than the crude extract. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated cobalt nanoparticle treatment considerably prevented the development of different micro-organisms.
{"title":"Biosynthesis and screening of cobalt nanoparticles using citrus species for antimicrobial activity","authors":"Huma Ali, Savita Dixit, Saud Alarifi","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0021","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of the nanomaterial is crucial for its characteristics, as well as physiological features. Green nanoparticle production, which reduces metal ions using natural extracts rather than industrial chemical agents, has been created to lower costs, minimize pollution, and improve environmental and human health safety. An aqueous and methanolic extract of a combination of <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Citrus limetta</jats:italic> peel was utilized for the green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. UV–Visible, Fourier-transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning of electron microscopy (SEM) and other techniques were employed to describe the prepared cobalt nanoparticles. The crystal structure of cobalt nanoparticles was revealed by XRD study. The SEM images of the cobalt nanoparticles revealed the usual subdivision dimensions of 20–30 nm. Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract derived from the combination of the two plants mentioned above and the biosynthesized cobalt nanoparticles was assessed. The result showed that the crude extract and cobalt nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity and cobalt nanoparticles exhibited much higher activity than the crude extract. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated cobalt nanoparticle treatment considerably prevented the development of different micro-organisms.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the challenges related to hydrogen storage and transportation which hinder its widespread adoption, ammonia has emerged as a carbon-free carrier for hydrogen due to several advantages such as simple inexpensive storage. But, due to some limitations related to net ammonia combustion, the suggestion is to store hydrogen in the form of ammonia and convert it into hydrogen-rich fuel before utilization in different applications like engines and turbines. Therefore, in this article, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen-rich fuel production via ammonia decomposition is conducted utilizing Aspen Plus V.12, to assess the impact of operating parameters on key criteria such as conversion rate (CR) and enthalpy of reaction, to establish the maximum level of efficiency of the process. The results show that at a specific temperature, the CR of ammonia decreases as the pressure rises so that the CR of more than 50% occurred at temperatures of 427 and 513 K for pressures of 1 and 10 bar, respectively. Moreover, the adiabatic flame temperature of hydrogen-rich fuel is investigated so that increasing the molar percentage of hydrogen from 0 to 50 leads to an increase in the maximum adiabatic flame temperature from 2,079 to 2,216 K.
考虑到与氢气储存和运输有关的挑战阻碍了氢气的广泛应用，氨气因其储存简单、成本低廉等优势，已成为一种无碳的氢气载体。但是，由于与氨的净燃烧有关的一些限制，建议以氨的形式储存氢气，并在发动机和涡轮机等不同应用中使用前将其转化为富氢燃料。因此，本文利用 Aspen Plus V.12 对通过氨分解生产富氢燃料进行了全面的热力学分析，以评估操作参数对转化率 (CR) 和反应热焓等关键标准的影响，从而确定工艺的最高效率水平。结果表明，在特定温度下，氨的转化率随着压力的升高而降低，因此在压力分别为 1 巴和 10 巴、温度分别为 427 K 和 513 K 时，氨的转化率超过 50%。此外，还对富氢燃料的绝热火焰温度进行了研究，结果表明，氢的摩尔百分比从 0 增加到 50 会导致最高绝热火焰温度从 2,079 K 上升到 2,216 K。
{"title":"Theoretical investigation of hydrogen-rich fuel production through ammonia decomposition","authors":"Payam Shafie, Alain DeChamplain, Julien Lepine","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the challenges related to hydrogen storage and transportation which hinder its widespread adoption, ammonia has emerged as a carbon-free carrier for hydrogen due to several advantages such as simple inexpensive storage. But, due to some limitations related to net ammonia combustion, the suggestion is to store hydrogen in the form of ammonia and convert it into hydrogen-rich fuel before utilization in different applications like engines and turbines. Therefore, in this article, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen-rich fuel production via ammonia decomposition is conducted utilizing Aspen Plus V.12, to assess the impact of operating parameters on key criteria such as conversion rate (CR) and enthalpy of reaction, to establish the maximum level of efficiency of the process. The results show that at a specific temperature, the CR of ammonia decreases as the pressure rises so that the CR of more than 50% occurred at temperatures of 427 and 513 K for pressures of 1 and 10 bar, respectively. Moreover, the adiabatic flame temperature of hydrogen-rich fuel is investigated so that increasing the molar percentage of hydrogen from 0 to 50 leads to an increase in the maximum adiabatic flame temperature from 2,079 to 2,216 K.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of emerging pollutants in the environment as a result of economic growth poses a worldwide challenge for the management of environmental and human health. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the agricultural soil of southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the potential health risks associated with these elements. Soil samples were collected from 31 farms, and the concentrations of As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Various contamination and health risk indices, along with multivariate analyses, were employed in the evaluation. The mean concentrations of PTEs (mg/kg) followed the order: Fe (15,556) > Zn (53.36) > Ni (21.78) > Cu (11.92) > Pb (10.42) > As (2.64). The average PTE concentrations were found to be lower than background levels and the world-soil average. Contamination indices indicated that the studied soil was moderately enriched and contaminated for As, slightly enriched for Zn and Ni, and not enriched for Cu and Pb. This suggests that the PTEs in the soil do not pose a significant threat, although some individual samples exhibited significant enrichment for Zn and Pb. Multivariate analyses suggested a geogenic source for the PTEs, with some contribution from anthropogenic factors for As, Zn, and Pb. The average hazard index values ranged from 0.000293 (Zn) to 0.030561 (Fe) for adults and from 0.002726541 (Zn) to 0.284670158 (Fe) for children, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk to the population in the study area. Additionally, the Lifetime Cancer Risk values for adults and children ranged from 6.94 × 10−6 to 6.46 × 10−5 for As and from 7.13 × 10−8 to 6.65 × 10−7 for Pb, suggesting acceptable or tolerable carcinogenic risk and no significant health hazards.
{"title":"Assessment of potentially toxic elements and health risks of agricultural soil in Southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy, Mohammed H. Al Khathlan","doi":"10.1515/chem-2024-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0017","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of emerging pollutants in the environment as a result of economic growth poses a worldwide challenge for the management of environmental and human health. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the agricultural soil of southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the potential health risks associated with these elements. Soil samples were collected from 31 farms, and the concentrations of As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Various contamination and health risk indices, along with multivariate analyses, were employed in the evaluation. The mean concentrations of PTEs (mg/kg) followed the order: Fe (15,556) > Zn (53.36) > Ni (21.78) > Cu (11.92) > Pb (10.42) > As (2.64). The average PTE concentrations were found to be lower than background levels and the world-soil average. Contamination indices indicated that the studied soil was moderately enriched and contaminated for As, slightly enriched for Zn and Ni, and not enriched for Cu and Pb. This suggests that the PTEs in the soil do not pose a significant threat, although some individual samples exhibited significant enrichment for Zn and Pb. Multivariate analyses suggested a geogenic source for the PTEs, with some contribution from anthropogenic factors for As, Zn, and Pb. The average hazard index values ranged from 0.000293 (Zn) to 0.030561 (Fe) for adults and from 0.002726541 (Zn) to 0.284670158 (Fe) for children, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk to the population in the study area. Additionally, the Lifetime Cancer Risk values for adults and children ranged from 6.94 × 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> to 6.46 × 10<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup> for As and from 7.13 × 10<jats:sup>−8</jats:sup> to 6.65 × 10<jats:sup>−7</jats:sup> for Pb, suggesting acceptable or tolerable carcinogenic risk and no significant health hazards.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have spotlighted lipid nanocarriers as potent mediums for drug delivery, with solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) emerging as a key focus due to their unique structural attributes. This research specifically addresses the development and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of SLNs loaded with sodium aescinate. To identify the most effective composition, a detailed pseudo-ternary phase diagram was employed. The production process of these SLNs involved sophisticated high-pressure homogenization techniques. For characterization, the average particle size and zeta potential were precisely measured using advanced laser diffractometry. Additionally, to ascertain the effectiveness of the drug encapsulation, the SLNs underwent a rigorous high-speed centrifugation process, enabling accurate determination of both the encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The results of this research reveal that a relatively refined method for determining sodium aescinate content has been established, and a reasonable formulation has been selected for the preparation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles. The average particle size was 142.32 ± 0.17 nm, the zeta potential was 1.60 ± 0.32 mV, and the encapsulation rate was 73.93 ± 4.65%. The drug loading was 13.41 ± 1.25%. In conclusion, this method can produce stable solid lipid nanoparticles containing sodium aescinate with uniform particle size, even distribution after encapsulation, and significant anti-inflammatory activity.
{"title":"Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles","authors":"Xiaohong Jiang, Zhongfei Shen, Bin Shen, Ying Sun","doi":"10.1515/chem-2023-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0201","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in nanotechnology have spotlighted lipid nanocarriers as potent mediums for drug delivery, with solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) emerging as a key focus due to their unique structural attributes. This research specifically addresses the development and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of SLNs loaded with sodium aescinate. To identify the most effective composition, a detailed pseudo-ternary phase diagram was employed. The production process of these SLNs involved sophisticated high-pressure homogenization techniques. For characterization, the average particle size and zeta potential were precisely measured using advanced laser diffractometry. Additionally, to ascertain the effectiveness of the drug encapsulation, the SLNs underwent a rigorous high-speed centrifugation process, enabling accurate determination of both the encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The results of this research reveal that a relatively refined method for determining sodium aescinate content has been established, and a reasonable formulation has been selected for the preparation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles. The average particle size was 142.32 ± 0.17 nm, the zeta potential was 1.60 ± 0.32 mV, and the encapsulation rate was 73.93 ± 4.65%. The drug loading was 13.41 ± 1.25%. In conclusion, this method can produce stable solid lipid nanoparticles containing sodium aescinate with uniform particle size, even distribution after encapsulation, and significant anti-inflammatory activity.","PeriodicalId":19520,"journal":{"name":"Open Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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