R. Selvarani, S. Balasubramaniyan, C. Veeravel, R. Geetha
Vanadium(II) and Zn(II) chelates with Schiff base derived from the condensation of orthophenylenediamine and cinnamaldehyde. Schiff base are multilateral ligand and offer resistant series of ligand to coordinate with metals. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, metal estimation, molar conductance, magnetic moment, UV-Visible, IR, Far-IR and NMR spectral studies. The elemental analysis suggest the stoichiometry to be 1:1 (M:L).The complexes are non-electrolyte in acetonitrile solution. The molar conductance and spectral properties indicate the complexes don’t dissociate in acetonitrile solution and retain their coordination. Melting points support the thermal stability of the complex. Coordination of ligand was confirmed by constant change of FT-IR. The electronic spectral data support octahedral geometry of VO(II) and square planar geometry of Zn(II) complexes. IR spectral data suggest that the ligand coordinated to the metal ion by imino nitrogen and amine nitrogen as bidentate manner. The NMR (1H & 13C) spectrum of schiff base and its diamagnetic Zn(II) complex was carried out and confirmed by the geometry and magnetic property of them. The antibacterial activity of the schiff base and VO(II) and Zn(II) complexes was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus as Gram-positive bacteria and further against Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas as Gram–negative bacteria and one pathogenic yeast C.albicans by agar well diffusion method. The results of anticancer activity of schiff base and VO(II) and Zn(II) complexes indicated that the metal complex have moderately active than the corresponding ligand. The cell cycle proteins, CDK4 (PDB ID: 3G33), P-53 (PDB ID: 1YCS) were downloaded from the RCSB PDB (protein data bank) database and the auto Dock (V. 4.0) in the PyRx GUI has been used to confirm the binding abilities of the selected ligand and VO(II) complex.
{"title":"Efficient Synthesis, In-Vitro Antioxidant, Anticancer and Molecular Docking Studies of Bidentate Schiff Base Complexes of Vo(Ii) and Zn(Ii) by Green Route Method","authors":"R. Selvarani, S. Balasubramaniyan, C. Veeravel, R. Geetha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3696915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3696915","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium(II) and Zn(II) chelates with Schiff base derived from the condensation of orthophenylenediamine and cinnamaldehyde. Schiff base are multilateral ligand and offer resistant series of ligand to coordinate with metals. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, metal estimation, molar conductance, magnetic moment, UV-Visible, IR, Far-IR and NMR spectral studies. The elemental analysis suggest the stoichiometry to be 1:1 (M:L).The complexes are non-electrolyte in acetonitrile solution. The molar conductance and spectral properties indicate the complexes don’t dissociate in acetonitrile solution and retain their coordination. Melting points support the thermal stability of the complex. Coordination of ligand was confirmed by constant change of FT-IR. The electronic spectral data support octahedral geometry of VO(II) and square planar geometry of Zn(II) complexes. IR spectral data suggest that the ligand coordinated to the metal ion by imino nitrogen and amine nitrogen as bidentate manner. The NMR (1H & 13C) spectrum of schiff base and its diamagnetic Zn(II) complex was carried out and confirmed by the geometry and magnetic property of them. The antibacterial activity of the schiff base and VO(II) and Zn(II) complexes was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus as Gram-positive bacteria and further against Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas as Gram–negative bacteria and one pathogenic yeast C.albicans by agar well diffusion method. The results of anticancer activity of schiff base and VO(II) and Zn(II) complexes indicated that the metal complex have moderately active than the corresponding ligand. The cell cycle proteins, CDK4 (PDB ID: 3G33), P-53 (PDB ID: 1YCS) were downloaded from the RCSB PDB (protein data bank) database and the auto Dock (V. 4.0) in the PyRx GUI has been used to confirm the binding abilities of the selected ligand and VO(II) complex.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82351756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bi2O3 is a kind of photocatalyst with excellent performance, which can generate photo-generated electrons under light. Through the recombination of Bi2O3 and BiOI, photogenerated electrons are more easily generated. UiO-66 is added to form a ternary composite material, which improves the stability of the material. Through simulated visible light degradation experiments, it was found that the ternary composite material had a significant degradation effect on rhodamine and tetracycline, which was 22.2 times and 1.04 times the original. This is mainly due to the addition of BiOI to widen the photo sensing interval of Bi2O3 and reduce the forbidden band width of Bi2O3. After loading this composite material on UiO-66, it has a coating effect on the material, which hinders the secondary combination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and improves the photocatalytic efficiency. Bi2O3@BiOI@UiO-66 composite material has high efficiency and stability, and is an excellent photocatalytic degradation material.
{"title":"Synthesis of the Bi 2O 3@BiOI@UiO-66 Composites and Their Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light","authors":"Jijun Tang, Tang Zhang, Zhengzhou Duan, Chuwen Li, Chunfeng Meng, Yamei Zhang, Qiyuan Zhang, Dongmei Hou, Qinyun Xv, Yu Zhu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3664596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3664596","url":null,"abstract":"Bi2O3 is a kind of photocatalyst with excellent performance, which can generate photo-generated electrons under light. Through the recombination of Bi2O3 and BiOI, photogenerated electrons are more easily generated. UiO-66 is added to form a ternary composite material, which improves the stability of the material. Through simulated visible light degradation experiments, it was found that the ternary composite material had a significant degradation effect on rhodamine and tetracycline, which was 22.2 times and 1.04 times the original. This is mainly due to the addition of BiOI to widen the photo sensing interval of Bi2O3 and reduce the forbidden band width of Bi2O3. After loading this composite material on UiO-66, it has a coating effect on the material, which hinders the secondary combination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and improves the photocatalytic efficiency. Bi2O3@BiOI@UiO-66 composite material has high efficiency and stability, and is an excellent photocatalytic degradation material.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77979014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of nanomaterials, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, has provided new research opportunities to enhance their biological properties to offer promising solutions to global health concerns. Therefore, it is essential to design bimetallic oxide nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial agents and effective nanomaterials for DNA cleavage due to the increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) production affected by the synergy of the corresponding monometallic oxides coupling. In that vein, mono- and bimetallic oxide nanoparticles of iron and titanium like TiO2, Fe2O3, Fe2TiO5, and Fe2Ti3O9 were prepared and after analysis, their antimicrobial and DNA cleavage activities compared and investigated. According to the results, Fe2Ti3O9 nanoparticles exhibit the highest antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and the fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus oryzae) as well as the highest ability to cleave chromosomal DNA of Escherichia coli bacterium compared to other nanoparticles. The synergistic effect of Fe2O3 and 3TiO2 coupling, the smaller average size of 10 nm, larger interaction surface, and less crystallinity are led to increased oxidative stress via ROS production and consequently enhanced biological properties in Fe2Ti3O9 nanoparticles.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Fe2ti3o9 Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Activity and DNA Cleavage Ability","authors":"B. Karimi, M. Habibi, R. Naghiha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3607696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3607696","url":null,"abstract":"The study of nanomaterials, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, has provided new research opportunities to enhance their biological properties to offer promising solutions to global health concerns. Therefore, it is essential to design bimetallic oxide nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial agents and effective nanomaterials for DNA cleavage due to the increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) production affected by the synergy of the corresponding monometallic oxides coupling. In that vein, mono- and bimetallic oxide nanoparticles of iron and titanium like TiO2, Fe2O3, Fe2TiO5, and Fe2Ti3O9 were prepared and after analysis, their antimicrobial and DNA cleavage activities compared and investigated. According to the results, Fe2Ti3O9 nanoparticles exhibit the highest antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and the fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus oryzae) as well as the highest ability to cleave chromosomal DNA of Escherichia coli bacterium compared to other nanoparticles. The synergistic effect of Fe2O3 and 3TiO2 coupling, the smaller average size of 10 nm, larger interaction surface, and less crystallinity are led to increased oxidative stress via ROS production and consequently enhanced biological properties in Fe2Ti3O9 nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86814553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linan Dun, He Wang, Jiajun Wang, Shuang Han, Baosheng Zhang, Xue Chen, Chuanbi Li
A novel coordination polymer {[Ho 2 (DHTA) 3 (H 2 O) 5 ]·H 2 O} n was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis (DHTA = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-terephthalic acid). The Crystallographic data show that the crystal structure belongs to triclinic space system, P-1 space group with a = 9.6617(17) Å, b = 902(2) Å, c = 13.284(2) Å, α = 100.617(3)°, β = 92.765(2)°, γ = 106.715(2)°, V = 1429.6(4) Å 3 , Z = 2, C 24 H 24 O 24 Ho 2 , M r = 1026.290, D c = 2.377 g/cm 3 , F (000) = 982, R 1 = 0.0325, wR 2 = 0.0845. The structure and properties of the complex were analyzed and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, TGA, luminescence and PXRD. The {[Ho 2 (DHTA) 3 (H 2 O) 5 ]·H 2 O} n contains two Ho(III), the two metal centers Ho(III) are eight-coordinated. The adjacent metal centers are connected by DHTA and extend infinitely in all directions, forming a three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in the structure enhanced the stability of the complex. The TGA results show that from 400 to 650 o C, it is ascribed to the removal of the organic component, above 650 o C, the residual is Holmium(III) oxide (Ho 2 O 3 ). The luminescent results suggest that complex 1 has potential as a new green luminescence material.
采用水热法合成了一种新型配位聚合物{[Ho 2 (DHTA) 3 (h2o) 5]·h2o} n (DHTA = 2,5-二羟基-1,4-对苯二甲酸)。晶体的数据表明,晶体结构属于三斜晶系的空间系统,p - 1空间群= 9.6617 (17),b = 902 (2) a, c = 13.284(2),α= 100.617(3)°,β= 92.765(2)°,γ= 106.715(2)°,V = 1429.6 (4) 3, Z = 2, c = O 24 H 24 24 Ho 2 M r = 1026.290, D c = 2.377克/厘米3,F (000) = 982, r 1 = 0.0325,或者说是2 = 0.0845。通过单晶x射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析、发光和PXRD等手段对配合物的结构和性能进行了分析和表征。{[Ho 2 (DHTA) 3 (h2o) 5]·h2o} n含有两个Ho(III)，两个金属中心Ho(III)是八配位的。相邻的金属中心通过DHTA连接，向各个方向无限延伸，形成三维网络结构。同时，结构中的氢键和π-π堆积增强了配合物的稳定性。热重分析结果表明，在400 ~ 650℃范围内，有机组分脱除，650℃以上残余为氧化钬(ⅲ)(Ho 2o)。发光结果表明配合物1具有作为新型绿色发光材料的潜力。
{"title":"Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of a New Holmium(Iii) Coordination Polymer Involving 2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-Terephthalic Acid as Ligand","authors":"Linan Dun, He Wang, Jiajun Wang, Shuang Han, Baosheng Zhang, Xue Chen, Chuanbi Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3602214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3602214","url":null,"abstract":"A novel coordination polymer {[Ho 2 (DHTA) 3 (H 2 O) 5 ]·H 2 O} n was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis (DHTA = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-terephthalic acid). The Crystallographic data show that the crystal structure belongs to triclinic space system, P-1 space group with a = 9.6617(17) Å, b = 902(2) Å, c = 13.284(2) Å, α = 100.617(3)°, β = 92.765(2)°, γ = 106.715(2)°, V = 1429.6(4) Å 3 , Z = 2, C 24 H 24 O 24 Ho 2 , M r = 1026.290, D c = 2.377 g/cm 3 , F (000) = 982, R 1 = 0.0325, wR 2 = 0.0845. The structure and properties of the complex were analyzed and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, TGA, luminescence and PXRD. The {[Ho 2 (DHTA) 3 (H 2 O) 5 ]·H 2 O} n contains two Ho(III), the two metal centers Ho(III) are eight-coordinated. The adjacent metal centers are connected by DHTA and extend infinitely in all directions, forming a three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in the structure enhanced the stability of the complex. The TGA results show that from 400 to 650 o C, it is ascribed to the removal of the organic component, above 650 o C, the residual is Holmium(III) oxide (Ho 2 O 3 ). The luminescent results suggest that complex 1 has potential as a new green luminescence material.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72605817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Mousavi-Khattat, Hamid Noorbakhshan, M. Roumi, Mahshid Ebrahiminejad, Yasaman Fazeli
Most recently, silver nanoparticles due to biological properties have been considered highly efficient in medical sciences. Among various methods to synthesize these nanoparticles, green synthesis methods are environment friendly, cost effective and nonhazardous for biomedical applications. So, the aim of the study was green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by use of medicinal animal dung extract as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agent for the first time among synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles. Female donkey’s dung called Anbarnesa in Persian culture as a medicinal matter was capable to reduce silver ions to nanoparticles and stabilize them. Silver nanoparticles of 36 nm were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD and TEM. Moreover, synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed in terms of anticancer activity by MTT assay on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. UV–Visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak in range of 414-433 nm. To identify the compounds responsible for reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in Anbarnesa extract were investigated by FTIR. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of small spherical silver nanoparticles. The MTT assay revealed potent anticancer effects of the aqueous extract synthesized nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells with an after 24 hours incubation time. Based on the current findings, it is strongly believe that use of Anbarnesa offers large scale production of biocompatible silver nanoparticles that can be used as alternative anticancer agents against cancer cell lines tested.
{"title":"Anticancer Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Medicinal Animal Waste Extract on Mcf-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"Mohammad Mousavi-Khattat, Hamid Noorbakhshan, M. Roumi, Mahshid Ebrahiminejad, Yasaman Fazeli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3696919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3696919","url":null,"abstract":"Most recently, silver nanoparticles due to biological properties have been considered highly efficient in medical sciences. Among various methods to synthesize these nanoparticles, green synthesis methods are environment friendly, cost effective and nonhazardous for biomedical applications. So, the aim of the study was green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by use of medicinal animal dung extract as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agent for the first time among synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles. Female donkey’s dung called Anbarnesa in Persian culture as a medicinal matter was capable to reduce silver ions to nanoparticles and stabilize them. Silver nanoparticles of 36 nm were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD and TEM. Moreover, synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed in terms of anticancer activity by MTT assay on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. UV–Visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak in range of 414-433 nm. To identify the compounds responsible for reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in Anbarnesa extract were investigated by FTIR. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of small spherical silver nanoparticles. The MTT assay revealed potent anticancer effects of the aqueous extract synthesized nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells with an after 24 hours incubation time. Based on the current findings, it is strongly believe that use of Anbarnesa offers large scale production of biocompatible silver nanoparticles that can be used as alternative anticancer agents against cancer cell lines tested.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78173832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial cellulose (BC)/chitosan (Chs) hydrogel was synthesised in situ by adding chitosan to the Acetobacter xylinum culture. The synthesized BC-Chs was immersed in genipin (Gp) to yield crosslinked membrane, BC-Chs-Gp. The emergence of the amide I and II bands due to N-H stretching in the FTIR spectra of BC-Chs hydrogels confirmed the incorporation of chitosan into the BC network. The internal morphology studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed BC-Chs-Gp had a more compact fibril network compared to BC-Chs and BC. The tensile strength of BC-Chs and BC-Chs-Gp were lower than their Young's modulus. Crosslinked BC-Chs showed the lowest swelling in water and moisture content compared to BC-Chs. In vitro drug release studies of quetiapine fumarate over 24 h followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Antibacterial evaluation showed BC-Chs and BC-Chs-Gp were active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
{"title":"In situ Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose/Chitosan Hydrogels Crosslinked with Genipin; Swelling, Drug Release Behavior and Antibacterial Evaluation","authors":"Joachim E. Arikibe, R. Lata, D. Rohindra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3484668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3484668","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC)/chitosan (Chs) hydrogel was synthesised <i>in situ</i> by adding chitosan to the <i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> culture. The synthesized BC-Chs was immersed in genipin (Gp) to yield crosslinked membrane, BC-Chs-Gp. The emergence of the amide I and II bands due to N-H stretching in the FTIR spectra of BC-Chs hydrogels confirmed the incorporation of chitosan into the BC network. The internal morphology studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed BC-Chs-Gp had a more compact fibril network compared to BC-Chs and BC. The tensile strength of BC-Chs and BC-Chs-Gp were lower than their Young's modulus. Crosslinked BC-Chs showed the lowest swelling in water and moisture content compared to BC-Chs. <i>In vitro</i> drug release studies of quetiapine fumarate over 24 h followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Antibacterial evaluation showed BC-Chs and BC-Chs-Gp were active against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79403813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrographolide is low in solubility and bioavailability, with short half-life (t1/2 = 1.5-2 hours), with chitosan micro-particles expected to improve its dissolution. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of chitosan concentration and the in vitro release of andrographolide from micro-particles prepared by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker. Furthermore, the micro-particles used were prepared with two different concentration of chitosan namely 19 cPs and 50 cPs. The result showed that the micro-particles obtained were spherical in shape and heterogeneous in size, with Infrared spectra indicating ionic bonding between chitosan and TPP. The DTA thermogram and XRD diffractogram exhibited a change in crystal structure to a more amorphous form. The entrapment efficiency (EE) of andrographolide in micro-particles was about 78%, with no impact on the chitosan concentrations (19 cPs and 50 cPs) affected by EE. The kinetics released was followed by the Higuchi model in phosphate buffer, with pH 7 ± 0,05 higher than the andrographolide substance. It was investigated that andrographolide-chitosan micro-particles had the ability to enhance its dissolution rate.
{"title":"The Effect of Chitosan Type and Concentration on Physical Characteristics and Drug Release Behavior of Andrographolide-Chitosan Microparticles Prepared by Ionic Gelation – Freeze Drying","authors":"R. Sari, M. Sugiarto, W. Amirah, H. Yusuf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3461443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3461443","url":null,"abstract":"Andrographolide is low in solubility and bioavailability, with short half-life (t1/2 = 1.5-2 hours), with chitosan micro-particles expected to improve its dissolution. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of chitosan concentration and the in vitro release of andrographolide from micro-particles prepared by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker. Furthermore, the micro-particles used were prepared with two different concentration of chitosan namely 19 cPs and 50 cPs. The result showed that the micro-particles obtained were spherical in shape and heterogeneous in size, with Infrared spectra indicating ionic bonding between chitosan and TPP. The DTA thermogram and XRD diffractogram exhibited a change in crystal structure to a more amorphous form. The entrapment efficiency (EE) of andrographolide in micro-particles was about 78%, with no impact on the chitosan concentrations (19 cPs and 50 cPs) affected by EE. The kinetics released was followed by the Higuchi model in phosphate buffer, with pH 7 ± 0,05 higher than the andrographolide substance. It was investigated that andrographolide-chitosan micro-particles had the ability to enhance its dissolution rate.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88200084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) is a serious threat to public health. In this paper, we develop a modeling framework to examine farms’ strategic adulteration behavior and the resulting EM...
{"title":"Economically Motivated Adulteration in Farming Supply Chains","authors":"R. Levi, S. Singhvi, Yanchong Zheng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3060078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3060078","url":null,"abstract":"Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) is a serious threat to public health. In this paper, we develop a modeling framework to examine farms’ strategic adulteration behavior and the resulting EM...","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88853424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22587/ajbas.2018.12.9.15
Raad Alzahrani
Decision making in supply chain network problems is fraught with numerous uncertainties. In this paper, we discuss and illustrate a four-layer supply chain network including suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and markets, which is designed to address the production and transportation of a single product. We present a robust optimization model that is useful in analyzing uncertainties associated with the primary input parameters including demand, supply, and cost parameters since it does not affect the complexity of the original deterministic model. The objective of the mathematical model is to obtain the optimal location of manufacturers and warehouses as well as the quantities of raw materials and final products, which result in the minimum total costs including the penalty costs.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of a Supply Chain with Uncertain Parameters","authors":"Raad Alzahrani","doi":"10.22587/ajbas.2018.12.9.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22587/ajbas.2018.12.9.15","url":null,"abstract":"Decision making in supply chain network problems is fraught with numerous uncertainties. In this paper, we discuss and illustrate a four-layer supply chain network including suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and markets, which is designed to address the production and transportation of a single product. We present a robust optimization model that is useful in analyzing uncertainties associated with the primary input parameters including demand, supply, and cost parameters since it does not affect the complexity of the original deterministic model. The objective of the mathematical model is to obtain the optimal location of manufacturers and warehouses as well as the quantities of raw materials and final products, which result in the minimum total costs including the penalty costs.","PeriodicalId":19542,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75431078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-14DOI: 10.11648/J.WJFST.20170102.15
A. Branton, S. Jana
Copper (II) chloride is an inorganic compound used as a source of copper ions for the treatment of several diseases like cancer, inflammation, hematological and neurological disorders. This article was aimed to evaluate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of copper (II) chloride using PXRD, DSC, and TGA/DTG analysis. Copper chloride was divided into two parts, one part of copper chloride was considered as control (no Biofield Treatment was provided), while second part received The Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The PXRD analysis showed that the relative intensities of the characteristic diffraction peak in Alice’s treated sample were significantly changed from -77.37% to 205.56% compared with the control sample. The crystallite size of the characteristic diffraction peak in the treated sample was altered from -14.29% to 40.01% compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the melting point of the treated copper chloride was significantly increased by 2.91% with a reduced latent heat of fusion (∆H) by 28.73% compared to the control sample. The melting temperature of the 2nd peak in the treated sample was significantly increased by 7.08% with a significant enhancement of ∆H by 77.37% compared with the control sample. The decomposition temperature of the treated sample was increased by 2.36% with a significant reduction of the enthalpy of decomposition by 18.46% compared with the control sample. The TGA analysis revealed the three steps of thermal degradation. The percentage weight loss in the treated sample was decreased by 0.47% and 9.63% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively, while the weight loss in the 3rd step was increased by 2.45% compared with the control sample. The total weight loss in the treated sample was increased by 1.32% compared with the control sample. The DTG analysis showed that the maximum thermal degradation temperature (Tmax) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd peaks of the Biofield Treated sample were increased by 1.20%, 2.00%, and 4.61% compared with the control sample. Briefly, The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might produce a polymorphic form of copper (II) chloride that could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. The Biofield Energy Treated copper chloride would provide better therapeutic response against cancer, inflammation, wound healing, etc.
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