Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.8
M. Prusty, AK Dash, N. Panda, MR Satpathy, SG Sahu, P. Samant
A field experiment was carried out during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to study the effect of phosphorus doses and rice varieties on system efficiency in rice-green gram cropping system under Mid-Central Table Land Zone of Odisha. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Four main plots viz., P1: P100 of soil test dose (STD)to rice and no P to green gram, P2: P100 of STD to both the crops separately, P3 : P50 of STD to rice &P100 of STD to green gram, P4: P100 of STD of both the crops applied to rice only, were allotted to the main plots and three rice varieties viz., V1 - Mandakini, V2 - Lalat and V3 - Pratikhya to the sub plots. Application of P100 of STD to both the crops separately (P2)resulted in the highest pooled system yield of 6.87 tha-1 however amongst rice cultivars highest system yield of 6.51 t ha-1 was recorded with treatment where green gram was sown after rice cultivar "Mandakini". Similarly, thesame system P-management practice (P2) and the sowing window of rice cultivars (Mandakini) recorded the highest system nutrient uptake, gross and net returns and B: C ratio. But the available soil nutrient status was the maximum with P1 where P100 of STD as basal was applied to riceand green gram was sown after rice cv. 'Mandakini'. However, the available P of the system in the post harvest soil was estimated higher in treatment P2.
{"title":"Phosphorus management and suitability of rice cultivar on system yield augmentation under rice-fallow area of Mid-Central Table Land Zone of Odisha","authors":"M. Prusty, AK Dash, N. Panda, MR Satpathy, SG Sahu, P. Samant","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to study the effect of phosphorus doses and rice varieties on system efficiency in rice-green gram cropping system under Mid-Central Table Land Zone of Odisha. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Four main plots viz., P1: P100 of soil test dose (STD)to rice and no P to green gram, P2: P100 of STD to both the crops separately, P3 : P50 of STD to rice &P100 of STD to green gram, P4: P100 of STD of both the crops applied to rice only, were allotted to the main plots and three rice varieties viz., V1 - Mandakini, V2 - Lalat and V3 - Pratikhya to the sub plots. Application of P100 of STD to both the crops separately (P2)resulted in the highest pooled system yield of 6.87 tha-1 however amongst rice cultivars highest system yield of 6.51 t ha-1 was recorded with treatment where green gram was sown after rice cultivar \"Mandakini\". Similarly, thesame system P-management practice (P2) and the sowing window of rice cultivars (Mandakini) recorded the highest system nutrient uptake, gross and net returns and B: C ratio. But the available soil nutrient status was the maximum with P1 where P100 of STD as basal was applied to riceand green gram was sown after rice cv. 'Mandakini'. However, the available P of the system in the post harvest soil was estimated higher in treatment P2.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.5
Vimalkumar C, Bappa Das, Sathiyaseelan K, E. Venu, Manu Sm, P. Sinha
Rice sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae) is an emerging disease in all rice ecosystems and considered as one of the major threats to rice production. For development of precise management strategies spatial distribution of infection risk is essential to ascertain epidemic nature of the disease. For risk estimation, temperature-based infection model has been designed and disease risk estimated as the monthly cumulative value of the daily infection index. Geo-spatial distribution of infection risk has been assessed for the coastal rice ecosystems based on 39 years of weather data and two years (2018 and 2019) of surveyed ground truth. Infection risk was noted to be higher in kharif than rabi season and the eastern coast was identified as hotspot. Yearly variation estimates has indicated rabi rice is likely to be vulnerable to climate change arising due to temperature rise. Infection risk prediction based on critical weather factor is useful in germplasm, fungicide evaluation along with development of management strategies.
{"title":"Assessment of rice sheath rot disease risk for its establishment in Southern Coastal states of India","authors":"Vimalkumar C, Bappa Das, Sathiyaseelan K, E. Venu, Manu Sm, P. Sinha","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Rice sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae) is an emerging disease in all rice ecosystems and considered as one of the major threats to rice production. For development of precise management strategies spatial distribution of infection risk is essential to ascertain epidemic nature of the disease. For risk estimation, temperature-based infection model has been designed and disease risk estimated as the monthly cumulative value of the daily infection index. Geo-spatial distribution of infection risk has been assessed for the coastal rice ecosystems based on 39 years of weather data and two years (2018 and 2019) of surveyed ground truth. Infection risk was noted to be higher in kharif than rabi season and the eastern coast was identified as hotspot. Yearly variation estimates has indicated rabi rice is likely to be vulnerable to climate change arising due to temperature rise. Infection risk prediction based on critical weather factor is useful in germplasm, fungicide evaluation along with development of management strategies.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.16
Tayshi Tolma, Mahender Singh, Vikas Gupta
To standardize the tillage methods and dates of direct seeded Jammu Basmati rice varieties under sub tropical condition, a field experiment was conducted at research farm of Agrometeorology Section, Division of Agronomy, SKUAST-J, Chatha, Jammu during kharif season 2020. The experiment was comprised of two tillage methods i.e. zero (T1) and conventional tillage (T2) , two direct sowing dates viz., 10th (D1) and 25th June (D2) along with four newly released Basmati rice varieties viz., Jammu Basmati-370 (V1), Jammu Basmati-118 (V2), Jammu Basmati-138 (V3) and Jammu Basmati-123 (V4) with 16 treatment combinations and three replications in split-split plot design. Various crop growth parameters (plant height, LAI and above ground dry matter accumulation) were recorded at fortnight interval starting from 30 DAS till physiological maturity of crop was attained. Jammu Basmati rice varieties sown under conventional tillage method recorded significantly higher number of tillers/m2 (232.7) and also effective tillers/m2 (222.7) than the zero tillage method. The 10th June sown crop observed significantly higher leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield attributes compared to late sown crop. Crop sown under conventional tillage method realized significantly higher grain yield (23.74 q/ha) as compared to zero tillage method (18.03 q/ha). Among the varieties, Jammu Basmati-123 recorded significantly higher leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and grain yield followed by Jammu Basmati-118, Basmati-370 and Jammu Basmati-138.
{"title":"Effect of tillage methods and sowing dates on growth, yield and yield attributes of newly released Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under direct seeded","authors":"Tayshi Tolma, Mahender Singh, Vikas Gupta","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"To standardize the tillage methods and dates of direct seeded Jammu Basmati rice varieties under sub tropical condition, a field experiment was conducted at research farm of Agrometeorology Section, Division of Agronomy, SKUAST-J, Chatha, Jammu during kharif season 2020. The experiment was comprised of two tillage methods i.e. zero (T1) and conventional tillage (T2) , two direct sowing dates viz., 10th (D1) and 25th June (D2) along with four newly released Basmati rice varieties viz., Jammu Basmati-370 (V1), Jammu Basmati-118 (V2), Jammu Basmati-138 (V3) and Jammu Basmati-123 (V4) with 16 treatment combinations and three replications in split-split plot design. Various crop growth parameters (plant height, LAI and above ground dry matter accumulation) were recorded at fortnight interval starting from 30 DAS till physiological maturity of crop was attained. Jammu Basmati rice varieties sown under conventional tillage method recorded significantly higher number of tillers/m2 (232.7) and also effective tillers/m2 (222.7) than the zero tillage method. The 10th June sown crop observed significantly higher leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield attributes compared to late sown crop. Crop sown under conventional tillage method realized significantly higher grain yield (23.74 q/ha) as compared to zero tillage method (18.03 q/ha). Among the varieties, Jammu Basmati-123 recorded significantly higher leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and grain yield followed by Jammu Basmati-118, Basmati-370 and Jammu Basmati-138.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.7
C. Khanda, A. Nayak
The field experiment was carried out at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi of Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar to evaluate the performance of three aromatic rice varieties under five different nutrient management practices during 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design taking three aromatic rice varieties (Geetanjali, Gangabali and Badshabhog) in main plot and five nutrient management practices (40:20:20, 60:30:30, 80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1, 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1+ FYM 5 t ha-1 and 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum and PSB 5 kg each ha-1 ) in sub- plot replicated thrice. Chickpea was sown as paira crop 15 days prior to the harvest of paddy. The yield attributes, yield and economics of production was maximum in aromatic rice Gangabali. Maximum grain yield was obtained with application of 80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1(3480 kg ha-1) being at par with 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 (3303 kg ha-1) and 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers (3392 kg ha-1). The chickpea seed yield was maximum in Geetanjali (682 kg ha-1) grown plot, which was harvested fifteen days earlier than the other two varieties. The residual effect of nutrient management practices was prominent in the treatment where inorganic fertilizers were applied in conjunction with organic manures in which the seed yield of chickpea was 19-72% higher in the plots with combined application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer than that of only inorganic fertilizers. The rice equivalent yield (REY), gross return, net return, return rupee-1 invested and partial factor productivity of NPK used were higher in Geetanjali. Among the nutrient management practices application of 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5t ha-1 + Biofertilizer registered maximum REY (5088 kg ha-1), gross return (Rs.1,31,336 ha-1) and net return (Rs.75,868 ha-1) which was 43 and 24% higher than the plots treated with 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 and 60:30:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1, respectively. The partial factor productivity of NPK used was significantly higher in the treatment supplied with less nutrients from inorganic and/or organics sources and gradually decreased with increasing NPK dose.
该田间试验是在布巴内斯瓦尔的奥迪沙农业与技术大学卡拉汉迪的巴瓦尼帕特纳区域研究与技术转让站进行的，目的是评估 2017-18 年和 2018-19 年期间三个芳香水稻品种在五种不同养分管理措施下的表现。试验采用分小区设计，将三个香稻品种（Geetanjali、Gangabali 和 Badshabhog）置于主小区，并采用五种养分管理方法（40:20:20、60:30:30、80：40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1、40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1+FYM 5 t ha-1 和 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1+FYM 5 t ha-1+Biofertilizers (Azospirillum 和 PSB 各 5 kg ha-1)），重复三次。鹰嘴豆作为对作作物在水稻收割前 15 天播种。香稻 Gangabali 的产量属性、产量和生产经济效益最高。80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1（3480 kg ha-1）与 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1（3303 kg ha-1）和 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 + 生物肥料（3392 kg ha-1）的产量相当。种植 Geetanjali 的地块鹰嘴豆种子产量最高（682 千克/公顷-1），比其他两个品种提前 15 天收获。养分管理措施的剩余效应在无机肥料与有机肥料结合施用的处理中表现突出，其中有机肥料与无机肥料结合施用的地块鹰嘴豆种子产量比仅施用无机肥料的地块高 19-72%。Geetanjali 的水稻等效产量（REY）、总收益、净收益、投资回报率（1 卢比）和使用氮磷钾的部分要素生产率均较高。在施用 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1+FYM 5t ha-1+Biofertilizer 的养分管理方法中，REY（5088 kg ha-1）、总收益（1,31,336 卢比 ha-1）和净收益（75,868 卢比 ha-1）最高，分别比施用 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 和 60:30:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 的地块高 43% 和 24%。在无机和/或有机养分供应较少的处理中，氮磷钾部分要素生产率明显较高，并随着氮磷钾剂量的增加而逐渐降低。
{"title":"Enhancing productivity of aromatic rice-chickpea paira cropping system through different nutrient management practices","authors":"C. Khanda, A. Nayak","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was carried out at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi of Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar to evaluate the performance of three aromatic rice varieties under five different nutrient management practices during 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design taking three aromatic rice varieties (Geetanjali, Gangabali and Badshabhog) in main plot and five nutrient management practices (40:20:20, 60:30:30, 80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1, 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1+ FYM 5 t ha-1 and 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum and PSB 5 kg each ha-1 ) in sub- plot replicated thrice. Chickpea was sown as paira crop 15 days prior to the harvest of paddy. The yield attributes, yield and economics of production was maximum in aromatic rice Gangabali. Maximum grain yield was obtained with application of 80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1(3480 kg ha-1) being at par with 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 (3303 kg ha-1) and 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers (3392 kg ha-1). The chickpea seed yield was maximum in Geetanjali (682 kg ha-1) grown plot, which was harvested fifteen days earlier than the other two varieties. The residual effect of nutrient management practices was prominent in the treatment where inorganic fertilizers were applied in conjunction with organic manures in which the seed yield of chickpea was 19-72% higher in the plots with combined application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer than that of only inorganic fertilizers. The rice equivalent yield (REY), gross return, net return, return rupee-1 invested and partial factor productivity of NPK used were higher in Geetanjali. Among the nutrient management practices application of 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 + FYM 5t ha-1 + Biofertilizer registered maximum REY (5088 kg ha-1), gross return (Rs.1,31,336 ha-1) and net return (Rs.75,868 ha-1) which was 43 and 24% higher than the plots treated with 40:20:20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 and 60:30:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1, respectively. The partial factor productivity of NPK used was significantly higher in the treatment supplied with less nutrients from inorganic and/or organics sources and gradually decreased with increasing NPK dose.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.11
Supriya, D. Singh, Monica Yaying, P. Verma, Birendra Kumar, Kamal Garg
Utilizing the production potential of scented rice verieties via organic farming methods is a viable option to support the increasing population's food needs. Employing organic nutrient sources like Sesbania and vermicompost has the potential to significantly enhance rice yield and positively impact soil quality, presenting a promising approach. In order to study the effect of organic mode of cultivation on ten different scented rice varieties namely Kubri Mamhani, Kudrat-5, Chinar-20, Kesho Pohu, DRK, Kudrat-5, Pusa-1121, Type-3, Taraori and Tilak Chandan in tarai region of Uttarakhand, India, a field experiment was conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, located within G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during the kharif season of 2020. The varieties were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that the application of organic source of nutrients significantly improved the growth parameters and yield of scented rice over control. Among the varieties, Kudrat-5 recorded higher values for tiller/m2 (273) and grain yield (42.46 q/ha). Application of organic matter in the form of Sesbania and vermicompost significantly produced higher plant height, tillers/m2, culm height, culm thickness, days to 50% flowering, straw yield and harvest index. So, it is inferred that ten scented rice varieties differ widely among themselves when grown under organic cultivation. In terms of grain yield Kudrat-5 variety performed better under organic production system.
通过有机耕作方法发挥香稻品种的生产潜力，是满足日益增长的人口粮食需求的可行选择。使用芝麻和蛭石等有机营养源有可能显著提高水稻产量，并对土壤质量产生积极影响，是一种前景广阔的方法。为了研究有机栽培模式对印度北阿坎德邦塔赖地区十种不同香稻品种（即 Kubri Mamhani、Kudrat-5、Chinar-20、Kesho Pohu、DRK、Kudrat-5、Pusa-1121、Type-3、Taraori 和 Tilak Chandan）的影响，在诺曼.Borlaug 作物研究中心进行了一项田间试验，该中心位于北阿坎德邦潘特纳加的 G. B. Pant 农业和技术大学内。采用随机区组设计法对三个重复的品种进行了评估。结果表明，与对照相比，施用有机养分能明显改善香稻的生长参数和产量。在各品种中，Kudrat-5 的分蘖/平方米（273 个）和谷物产量（42.46 q/公顷）的数值较高。施用芝麻和蛭肥形式的有机物显著提高了株高、分蘖/平方米、茎秆高、茎秆粗、50%开花天数、稻草产量和收获指数。因此，可以推断出十个香稻品种在有机栽培条件下的差异很大。在谷物产量方面，Kudrat-5 品种在有机生产系统下表现更好。
{"title":"Growth and productivity of traditional scented rice in organic cultivation","authors":"Supriya, D. Singh, Monica Yaying, P. Verma, Birendra Kumar, Kamal Garg","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing the production potential of scented rice verieties via organic farming methods is a viable option to support the increasing population's food needs. Employing organic nutrient sources like Sesbania and vermicompost has the potential to significantly enhance rice yield and positively impact soil quality, presenting a promising approach. In order to study the effect of organic mode of cultivation on ten different scented rice varieties namely Kubri Mamhani, Kudrat-5, Chinar-20, Kesho Pohu, DRK, Kudrat-5, Pusa-1121, Type-3, Taraori and Tilak Chandan in tarai region of Uttarakhand, India, a field experiment was conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, located within G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during the kharif season of 2020. The varieties were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that the application of organic source of nutrients significantly improved the growth parameters and yield of scented rice over control. Among the varieties, Kudrat-5 recorded higher values for tiller/m2 (273) and grain yield (42.46 q/ha). Application of organic matter in the form of Sesbania and vermicompost significantly produced higher plant height, tillers/m2, culm height, culm thickness, days to 50% flowering, straw yield and harvest index. So, it is inferred that ten scented rice varieties differ widely among themselves when grown under organic cultivation. In terms of grain yield Kudrat-5 variety performed better under organic production system.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 88","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.10
Sayam Padma, S. Vijayakumar, B. Venkatanna, D. Srinivas, Varunseelan Murugaiyan, R. M. Kumar, Surekha Kuchi, SG Mahadevappa, R. Sundaram, K. B. Rekha, M. Yakadri
A field study aimed to investigate the influence of different rice establishment methods on energy and water budget of rice was conducted during kharif season of 2022. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with three replications. Seven treatments were examined, including three transplanting methods viz., SRI, mechanical transplanting and conventional transplanting, and four direct seeded rice (DSR) methods viz., wet DSR (drum seeding), wet DSR (broadcasting), dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) and dry converted wet rice (line sowing). Results revealed that chemical fertilizers, irrigation water, land preparation and seeding or transplanting operations constituted ~80% of the input energy in all rice establishment methods. Among the rice establishment methods, conventional transplanting exhibited the highest input energy of 21723.9 MJ ha-1, while dry converted wet rice (line sowing) recorded the lower input energy of 18394.3 MJ ha-1. In terms of output energy, wet DSR (drum seeding) recorded the highest value of 141781.1 MJ ha-1, whereas dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) registered the lowest value of 77223.2 MJ ha-1. The output energy of wet DSR (drum seeding) was comparable to that of SRI and dry converted wet rice (line sowing). Similarly, dry converted wet rice (line sowing) exhibited higher irrigation water productivity (0.73 kg m-3) and total water productivity (0.30 kg m-3) with a reduced water requirement of 630 mm. Compared to conventional transplanting, input energy consumption and irrigation water requirement was lower by 18.1% and 51.9% in dry converted wet rice (line sowing), 17.4% and 51.9% in dry converted wet rice (broadcasting), 16.9%, 36.7% in SRI and 9.13%, 27.6% in wet DSR (drum seeding) respectively. Thus, the adoption of wet DSR (drum seeding), SRI and dry converted wet rice (line sowing) is recommended for energy and water efficient rice production in Telangana.
{"title":"Energy and water budget of rice under different establishment methods","authors":"Sayam Padma, S. Vijayakumar, B. Venkatanna, D. Srinivas, Varunseelan Murugaiyan, R. M. Kumar, Surekha Kuchi, SG Mahadevappa, R. Sundaram, K. B. Rekha, M. Yakadri","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"A field study aimed to investigate the influence of different rice establishment methods on energy and water budget of rice was conducted during kharif season of 2022. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with three replications. Seven treatments were examined, including three transplanting methods viz., SRI, mechanical transplanting and conventional transplanting, and four direct seeded rice (DSR) methods viz., wet DSR (drum seeding), wet DSR (broadcasting), dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) and dry converted wet rice (line sowing). Results revealed that chemical fertilizers, irrigation water, land preparation and seeding or transplanting operations constituted ~80% of the input energy in all rice establishment methods. Among the rice establishment methods, conventional transplanting exhibited the highest input energy of 21723.9 MJ ha-1, while dry converted wet rice (line sowing) recorded the lower input energy of 18394.3 MJ ha-1. In terms of output energy, wet DSR (drum seeding) recorded the highest value of 141781.1 MJ ha-1, whereas dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) registered the lowest value of 77223.2 MJ ha-1. The output energy of wet DSR (drum seeding) was comparable to that of SRI and dry converted wet rice (line sowing). Similarly, dry converted wet rice (line sowing) exhibited higher irrigation water productivity (0.73 kg m-3) and total water productivity (0.30 kg m-3) with a reduced water requirement of 630 mm. Compared to conventional transplanting, input energy consumption and irrigation water requirement was lower by 18.1% and 51.9% in dry converted wet rice (line sowing), 17.4% and 51.9% in dry converted wet rice (broadcasting), 16.9%, 36.7% in SRI and 9.13%, 27.6% in wet DSR (drum seeding) respectively. Thus, the adoption of wet DSR (drum seeding), SRI and dry converted wet rice (line sowing) is recommended for energy and water efficient rice production in Telangana.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709//ory.2023.60.4.1
Deepa John, Maya Raman
The present study uses molecular approach to assess the amount of amylose in collected rice genotypes using PCR based markers. The polymorphism of Waxy allele which encodes the major enzyme catalyzing amylose synthesis was analyzed in the collected rice samples to determine the amylose content in the samples. All the rice varieties under study expressed Wxa allele corresponding to intermediate to high amylose content. This study proves that simple PCR technique can be used to detect Single nucleotide polymorphism mutation at Wx locus and provides a cost-effective alternative to predict amylose content in rice.
{"title":"Determination of amylose content of traditional rice varieties of Kerala using PCR-based molecular markers","authors":"Deepa John, Maya Raman","doi":"10.35709//ory.2023.60.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709//ory.2023.60.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present study uses molecular approach to assess the amount of amylose in collected rice genotypes using PCR based markers. The polymorphism of Waxy allele which encodes the major enzyme catalyzing amylose synthesis was analyzed in the collected rice samples to determine the amylose content in the samples. All the rice varieties under study expressed Wxa allele corresponding to intermediate to high amylose content. This study proves that simple PCR technique can be used to detect Single nucleotide polymorphism mutation at Wx locus and provides a cost-effective alternative to predict amylose content in rice.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.13
Chris John, Vishram Ram, Sushree Panda, Ngangbam Pusparani
Rice-based cropping systems are predominant in Meghalaya, India, comprising rice-potato, rice-mustard, rice-pea and rice monocropping systems. In areas that have shifted to cultivating cash crops, rice has supplanted the consumption of millet and maize as the principal staple. Thus, paddy-based weed assemblages are of significant importance in maximizing grain yields. Characterization and descriptive analysis of weed communities in crops can be brought about by phytosociological studies. Knowledge of the relative importance of spatial and temporal variables, environmental conditions and management practices as filters for weed assemblages will prove to be useful in putting together an effective decision support system for their management. Through this comparative survey of 66 paddy fields, distributed homogenously throughout Jirang, Umling and Umsning blocks of Ri-Bhoi, an attempt has been made to study the weed vegetation associated with paddy in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, in order to assess the effects of agricultural intensification on the diversity, structure and composition of weed communities. Jirang block recorded the maximum weed diversity, followed by Umsning and Umling blocks. Understanding the connections between weed species and landscape elements is necessary for developing alternative weed management strategies.
{"title":"Phytosociological studies of weeds associated with rice in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya","authors":"Chris John, Vishram Ram, Sushree Panda, Ngangbam Pusparani","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Rice-based cropping systems are predominant in Meghalaya, India, comprising rice-potato, rice-mustard, rice-pea and rice monocropping systems. In areas that have shifted to cultivating cash crops, rice has supplanted the consumption of millet and maize as the principal staple. Thus, paddy-based weed assemblages are of significant importance in maximizing grain yields. Characterization and descriptive analysis of weed communities in crops can be brought about by phytosociological studies. Knowledge of the relative importance of spatial and temporal variables, environmental conditions and management practices as filters for weed assemblages will prove to be useful in putting together an effective decision support system for their management. Through this comparative survey of 66 paddy fields, distributed homogenously throughout Jirang, Umling and Umsning blocks of Ri-Bhoi, an attempt has been made to study the weed vegetation associated with paddy in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, in order to assess the effects of agricultural intensification on the diversity, structure and composition of weed communities. Jirang block recorded the maximum weed diversity, followed by Umsning and Umling blocks. Understanding the connections between weed species and landscape elements is necessary for developing alternative weed management strategies.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.4
Bikash Mohapatra, CU Shinde, Manoj Kumar Jena
The present investigation on the parasitic potential of T. japonicum was undertaken during the year 2019-20 at the Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). The results showed that the parasitic potential (F0) of T. japonicum was maximum (82.65 ± 6.86%) on Corcyra eggs as compared to rice yellow stem borer eggs (24.11 ± 3.37%). Similarly, the egg parasitization (F1) of T. japonicum on Corcyra eggs was comparatively higher (83.15 ± 5.06%) than that on yellow stem borer eggs (25.68 ± 3.60%). Moreover, the observed difference in parasitic potential of T. japonicum on Corcyra and Scirpophaga incertulas for both generations was found highly significant during the present investigation. The conclusion of the present investigation suggested that the natural host, the Yellow Stem Borer (YSB), could serve as a viable means for recycling the nucleus culture as well as amplifying the parasitic capabilities of T. japonicum during mass production program. Moreover, these findings could hold significant value in assessing the parasitic behavior of YSB when T. japonicum is introduced into paddy fields.
{"title":"Parasitic performance of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead on eggs of rice moth and rice stem borer : a comparative study","authors":"Bikash Mohapatra, CU Shinde, Manoj Kumar Jena","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation on the parasitic potential of T. japonicum was undertaken during the year 2019-20 at the Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). The results showed that the parasitic potential (F0) of T. japonicum was maximum (82.65 ± 6.86%) on Corcyra eggs as compared to rice yellow stem borer eggs (24.11 ± 3.37%). Similarly, the egg parasitization (F1) of T. japonicum on Corcyra eggs was comparatively higher (83.15 ± 5.06%) than that on yellow stem borer eggs (25.68 ± 3.60%). Moreover, the observed difference in parasitic potential of T. japonicum on Corcyra and Scirpophaga incertulas for both generations was found highly significant during the present investigation. The conclusion of the present investigation suggested that the natural host, the Yellow Stem Borer (YSB), could serve as a viable means for recycling the nucleus culture as well as amplifying the parasitic capabilities of T. japonicum during mass production program. Moreover, these findings could hold significant value in assessing the parasitic behavior of YSB when T. japonicum is introduced into paddy fields.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.9
P. Guru, A. Shrivastava, Priyanka Tiwari, Ankur Nagori, B. S. Narwariya, Suryakant Khandai
In sowing operation, seed metering units plays a crucial role in achieving the optimal plant spacing, uniform crop emergence, crop yield, resource efficiency, and overall farm profitability. This research was conducted to access performance of four metering mechanisms (drum type, fluted roller type, inclined plate type-I, and inclined plate type-II) with three distinct paddy varieties (IR-64, JR-206, and Kranti) and at three levels of operating speed (1, 1.5 and 2 km/h). A test rig was developed for conducting the lab experiments to measure the seed rate and mechanical damage for all four metering units. Across all types of metering units and seed varieties, a trend was observed where the seed rate tends to decrease as the operating speed increases and mechanical damage to seeds increases with increase in operating speed. For drum type, fluted roller type, inclined plate type-I, inclined plate type-II metering unit seed rate varies from 21.67 to 27.91 kg/ha, 47.44 to 55.98 kg/ha, 26.5 to 30.09 kg/ha, and 28.98 to 33.23 Kg/ha whereas, seed damage ranged from 1.1 to 2.1%, 8.89 to 12.8 %,0.09 to 0.17 %, and 2.21 to 3.54 %, respectively. Among the metering units, the inclined plate type-I emerges as the preferred choice, showcasing minimal mechanical damage alongside optimum seed rate. These findings have important implications in selecting metering unit for wet-direct seeding method of rice cultivation, with the potential to enhance rice production and productivity.
{"title":"Comparative study on seed metering units for wet-direct seeding of rice","authors":"P. Guru, A. Shrivastava, Priyanka Tiwari, Ankur Nagori, B. S. Narwariya, Suryakant Khandai","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"In sowing operation, seed metering units plays a crucial role in achieving the optimal plant spacing, uniform crop emergence, crop yield, resource efficiency, and overall farm profitability. This research was conducted to access performance of four metering mechanisms (drum type, fluted roller type, inclined plate type-I, and inclined plate type-II) with three distinct paddy varieties (IR-64, JR-206, and Kranti) and at three levels of operating speed (1, 1.5 and 2 km/h). A test rig was developed for conducting the lab experiments to measure the seed rate and mechanical damage for all four metering units. Across all types of metering units and seed varieties, a trend was observed where the seed rate tends to decrease as the operating speed increases and mechanical damage to seeds increases with increase in operating speed. For drum type, fluted roller type, inclined plate type-I, inclined plate type-II metering unit seed rate varies from 21.67 to 27.91 kg/ha, 47.44 to 55.98 kg/ha, 26.5 to 30.09 kg/ha, and 28.98 to 33.23 Kg/ha whereas, seed damage ranged from 1.1 to 2.1%, 8.89 to 12.8 %,0.09 to 0.17 %, and 2.21 to 3.54 %, respectively. Among the metering units, the inclined plate type-I emerges as the preferred choice, showcasing minimal mechanical damage alongside optimum seed rate. These findings have important implications in selecting metering unit for wet-direct seeding method of rice cultivation, with the potential to enhance rice production and productivity.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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