Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.12
Vikram Sai M, Murugan G, Sai Kumar
A field experiment was conducted in January to May, 2022 (Navarai) to find out the effective weed management practices in puddled rice. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design, which included two planting techniques viz., drum seeded rice and system of rice intensification (SRI) in main plot, as well as eight weed management practices viz., hand weeding, cono weeding, pretilachlor, bispyribac sodium and fenoxaprop - p - ethyl as pre and post emergence application in sub plot. The results of the experiment demonstrated that among the planting techniques and weed management practices tested, the system of rice intensification and sequential application of pretilachlor @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i ha-1 has revealed lowest weed density (39.67, 71.25 and 17.02, 33.97 no m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (55.89, 65.78 and 84.99, 82.33 %) grain yield (4.55 and 5.47 t ha-1), gross and net income (Rs. 12116 and Rs. 64336 ha-1). However, drum seeded rice resulted higher return-1 rupee invested due to lower cost of cultivation. Hence, the SRI planting method with sequential application of pretilachlor @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 followed by bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i ha-1 has proven to be effective in controlling weeds and achieving higher grain yield and net income.
2022 年 1 月至 5 月（纳瓦莱州）进行了一项田间试验，以找出水稻杂草管理的有效方法。试验采用分小区设计，主小区包括两种种植技术，即滚筒播种水稻和水稻强化栽培技术（SRI），副小区包括八种杂草管理方法，即人工除草、锄草、前草胺、双草胺钠和精噁唑禾草灵，作为出苗前和出苗后施用。试验结果表明，在所测试的种植技术和杂草管理方法中，水稻强化系统和连续施用前草胺 @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 和双草醚 @ 20 g a. i ha-1 的方法显示杂草密度最低。i ha-1 的杂草密度最低（39.67、71.25 和 17.02、33.97 no m-2），杂草控制效率最高（55.89、65.78 和 84.99、82.33 %），谷物产量最高（4.55 和 5.47 t ha-1），总收入和净收入最高（12116 卢比和 64336 卢比 ha-1）。然而，由于种植成本较低，滚筒播种水稻的投资回报率较高。因此，事实证明，SRI 种植方法在连续施用 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 的前草胺后再施用 20 g a.i ha-1 的双草醚能有效控制杂草，并获得更高的谷物产量和净收入。
{"title":"Evaluation of weed management approaches on weed dynamics, yield and economics of puddled rice under different plant techniques","authors":"Vikram Sai M, Murugan G, Sai Kumar","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in January to May, 2022 (Navarai) to find out the effective weed management practices in puddled rice. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design, which included two planting techniques viz., drum seeded rice and system of rice intensification (SRI) in main plot, as well as eight weed management practices viz., hand weeding, cono weeding, pretilachlor, bispyribac sodium and fenoxaprop - p - ethyl as pre and post emergence application in sub plot. The results of the experiment demonstrated that among the planting techniques and weed management practices tested, the system of rice intensification and sequential application of pretilachlor @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i ha-1 has revealed lowest weed density (39.67, 71.25 and 17.02, 33.97 no m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (55.89, 65.78 and 84.99, 82.33 %) grain yield (4.55 and 5.47 t ha-1), gross and net income (Rs. 12116 and Rs. 64336 ha-1). However, drum seeded rice resulted higher return-1 rupee invested due to lower cost of cultivation. Hence, the SRI planting method with sequential application of pretilachlor @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 followed by bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i ha-1 has proven to be effective in controlling weeds and achieving higher grain yield and net income.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 113","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.6
Bassa Vasavi Kowsalya, R. Poonguzhalan, P. Saravanane, S. Nadaradjan
A field experiment was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal to study the effect of nitrogen levels and liquid nano urea application on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during samba 2021 (September 2021 to January 2022) under puddled transplanted condition, involving fourteen treatments in a randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice. The experiment involved a combination of four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 75 and 100 % recommended dose of N) with three methods of liquid nano urea application (seed treatment, root dipping and foliar spraying) along with recommended dose of fertilizers and control. The results revealed that the application of 75 % recommended N + seed treatment with liquid nano urea resulted in the highest values for plant height, leaf area index, leaf area duration, dry matter production and number of tillers hill-1 followed by application of 100 % recommended N + seed treatment with liquid nano urea. Application of 75 % recommended N + seed treatment with liquid nano urea increased the grain yield by 14.8 and 84.3 % and straw yield by 6.5 and 76.4 % over recommended NPK and control, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of nitrogen levels and liquid nano urea application on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Bassa Vasavi Kowsalya, R. Poonguzhalan, P. Saravanane, S. Nadaradjan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal to study the effect of nitrogen levels and liquid nano urea application on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during samba 2021 (September 2021 to January 2022) under puddled transplanted condition, involving fourteen treatments in a randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice. The experiment involved a combination of four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 75 and 100 % recommended dose of N) with three methods of liquid nano urea application (seed treatment, root dipping and foliar spraying) along with recommended dose of fertilizers and control. The results revealed that the application of 75 % recommended N + seed treatment with liquid nano urea resulted in the highest values for plant height, leaf area index, leaf area duration, dry matter production and number of tillers hill-1 followed by application of 100 % recommended N + seed treatment with liquid nano urea. Application of 75 % recommended N + seed treatment with liquid nano urea increased the grain yield by 14.8 and 84.3 % and straw yield by 6.5 and 76.4 % over recommended NPK and control, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.15
Sakshi Sharma, A. Semwal, Dadasaheb Wadikar
Effect of hot water hydration treatments at 70, 75 and 80 °C were studied on physical and engineering properties in 13 rice varieties differing in physico-chemical characteristics. Results revealed considerable effects of hydration temperatures on expression of traits understudy. Maximum percent change of the attributes over the control was observed at 80 °C. Top three characters that exhibited higher percent gain at 80 °C were angle of repose (15.17 %), bulk density (10.96 %), and tapped density (9.57 %), while top three characters exhibiting more reduction were Carr's Index (-8.21 %), equivalent diameter (-6.72 %), and L/B ratio (-5.92 %). Gravimetric and engineering properties depicted a linear relationship with hydration temperature. Intermediate and high amylose rice varieties were found to be more responsive to hot water hydration treatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out with both i.e., control treatments and hydrated treatments at 80°C separately. In both the cases, first four principal components could explain 89.91 and 91.58 percent variation, respectively. The PCA-Biplot analysis grouped 13 varieties in four groups and 20 characters in three quadrants with changed composition, suggesting change in the expression of different characters due to the effect of hydration treatments. These results advocated the need for variety specific optimum hydration treatment recommendations for achieving desired output, which will aid in understanding the processing of Indian paddy varieties that possess wide variation in physico-chemical properties.
{"title":"Unveiling the effects of post-harvest hydration treatments on physical and engineering properties of different varieties of paddy","authors":"Sakshi Sharma, A. Semwal, Dadasaheb Wadikar","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of hot water hydration treatments at 70, 75 and 80 °C were studied on physical and engineering properties in 13 rice varieties differing in physico-chemical characteristics. Results revealed considerable effects of hydration temperatures on expression of traits understudy. Maximum percent change of the attributes over the control was observed at 80 °C. Top three characters that exhibited higher percent gain at 80 °C were angle of repose (15.17 %), bulk density (10.96 %), and tapped density (9.57 %), while top three characters exhibiting more reduction were Carr's Index (-8.21 %), equivalent diameter (-6.72 %), and L/B ratio (-5.92 %). Gravimetric and engineering properties depicted a linear relationship with hydration temperature. Intermediate and high amylose rice varieties were found to be more responsive to hot water hydration treatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out with both i.e., control treatments and hydrated treatments at 80°C separately. In both the cases, first four principal components could explain 89.91 and 91.58 percent variation, respectively. The PCA-Biplot analysis grouped 13 varieties in four groups and 20 characters in three quadrants with changed composition, suggesting change in the expression of different characters due to the effect of hydration treatments. These results advocated the need for variety specific optimum hydration treatment recommendations for achieving desired output, which will aid in understanding the processing of Indian paddy varieties that possess wide variation in physico-chemical properties.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.3
KL Bairwa, PD Ghoghari, MK Jena
The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) is a serious pest causing a great reduction in the yield of rice during the vegetative stage. In this study, ten rice varieties NAUR-1, GNR-2, GNR-3, GNR-4, GNR-5, GNR-6, GNR-7, GR-15, GR-11, and TN-1, were screened to assess their reaction against C. medinalis at the Main Rice Research Centre Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India during Kharif-2021. The infestation of C. medinalis was recorded in all ten rice varieties at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 Days After Transplanting (DAT). The lowest infestation of C. medinalis was recorded in GR-15, GNR-7, GNR-3, GNR-6, GNR-5, GNR-2 and NAUR-1 (score 3) and higher infestation was recorded in GNR-4 (score 5). Whereas the highest infestation was recorded in GR-11 and TN-1 (score 7), in all the observation intervals which were stated as state and national susceptible check.
{"title":"Reaction of rice varieties to rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee in South Gujarat","authors":"KL Bairwa, PD Ghoghari, MK Jena","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) is a serious pest causing a great reduction in the yield of rice during the vegetative stage. In this study, ten rice varieties NAUR-1, GNR-2, GNR-3, GNR-4, GNR-5, GNR-6, GNR-7, GR-15, GR-11, and TN-1, were screened to assess their reaction against C. medinalis at the Main Rice Research Centre Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India during Kharif-2021. The infestation of C. medinalis was recorded in all ten rice varieties at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 Days After Transplanting (DAT). The lowest infestation of C. medinalis was recorded in GR-15, GNR-7, GNR-3, GNR-6, GNR-5, GNR-2 and NAUR-1 (score 3) and higher infestation was recorded in GNR-4 (score 5). Whereas the highest infestation was recorded in GR-11 and TN-1 (score 7), in all the observation intervals which were stated as state and national susceptible check.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709//ory.2023.60.4.2
S. Prabu, Sheela Venugopal, M. Suganthy, R. Suresh, S. Vellaikumar, D. Uma, S. Manonmani, S. J. Nelson
A total of 126 rice landraces along with resistant (PTB 33) and susceptible (TN 1) check were screened using the protray method. Out of which 13 genotypes having a score of 3.0 - 7.0 were shortlisted and re-evaluated under the modified seed-box screening method. Results of the two experiments showed variation in resistance level with damage score of 3.0 to 9.0. Only one landrace Mysore Malli and PTB 33 were found to be resistant with damage score of 3.0 and four landraces viz., Chetty Samba, Panamara Samba, Vellai Gundu Samba and Vellai Kombi Samba were found to be moderately resistant in both the screening method. In protray screening, 8 landraces were found to be moderately susceptible, 66 landraces were found as susceptible and 48 landraces were highly susceptible. In modified seed-box screening, 5 landraces were found as moderately susceptible, 3 landraces were susceptible and TN 1 in both the methods was found as highly susceptible with a score of 9.0. Cluster analysis performed for 126 landraces based on damage score, nymphal settlement, chlorophyll and Nitrogen content grouped them into six clusters. Among the six clusters, resistant and moderately resistant landraces are grouped in cluster 4 which had low damage score and nymphal settlement and moderate chlorophyll and Nitrogen content.
{"title":"Identification of resistant donors from South Indian landraces for brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.), Delphacidae, Hemiptera in rice","authors":"S. Prabu, Sheela Venugopal, M. Suganthy, R. Suresh, S. Vellaikumar, D. Uma, S. Manonmani, S. J. Nelson","doi":"10.35709//ory.2023.60.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709//ory.2023.60.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 126 rice landraces along with resistant (PTB 33) and susceptible (TN 1) check were screened using the protray method. Out of which 13 genotypes having a score of 3.0 - 7.0 were shortlisted and re-evaluated under the modified seed-box screening method. Results of the two experiments showed variation in resistance level with damage score of 3.0 to 9.0. Only one landrace Mysore Malli and PTB 33 were found to be resistant with damage score of 3.0 and four landraces viz., Chetty Samba, Panamara Samba, Vellai Gundu Samba and Vellai Kombi Samba were found to be moderately resistant in both the screening method. In protray screening, 8 landraces were found to be moderately susceptible, 66 landraces were found as susceptible and 48 landraces were highly susceptible. In modified seed-box screening, 5 landraces were found as moderately susceptible, 3 landraces were susceptible and TN 1 in both the methods was found as highly susceptible with a score of 9.0. Cluster analysis performed for 126 landraces based on damage score, nymphal settlement, chlorophyll and Nitrogen content grouped them into six clusters. Among the six clusters, resistant and moderately resistant landraces are grouped in cluster 4 which had low damage score and nymphal settlement and moderate chlorophyll and Nitrogen content.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.14
Saikat Biswas, Devyani Kumari, Raghava Thakur
To evaluate the influence of organic liquid formulations on transplanted rice, a field experiment was conducted at farm of Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India during kharif season of 2021 using 6 treatments (Control i.e. water, Panchagavya, Sasyagavya, Amritpani, Jeevamruth and Kunapajala) in four times replicated randomised block design. Results explored that application of Kunapajala @6% at 30 and 60 days after transplanting registered maximum growth (322.5 tillers/m2,103.6 cm plant height, 24.5 leaves/plant, 1475.1 g/m2 dry matter accumulation). Further, Kunapajala spray attained 30.4%, 4.3%, 11.8%, 14.6%, 45.5%, 43.2% and 45.6% higher panicles/m2, panicle length, grains/panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield of rice, respectively, over control. However, use of Jeevamruth also performed well and remained as second-best option. Kunapajala spray further provided maximum economic profitability (net return of Rs. 83,233/ha and B:C ratio of 3.17) and therefore, it can be recommended for organically kharif rice cultivation.
{"title":"Response of transplanted kharif rice to organic liquid formulations in a red and lateritic soil of Jharkhand","authors":"Saikat Biswas, Devyani Kumari, Raghava Thakur","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the influence of organic liquid formulations on transplanted rice, a field experiment was conducted at farm of Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India during kharif season of 2021 using 6 treatments (Control i.e. water, Panchagavya, Sasyagavya, Amritpani, Jeevamruth and Kunapajala) in four times replicated randomised block design. Results explored that application of Kunapajala @6% at 30 and 60 days after transplanting registered maximum growth (322.5 tillers/m2,103.6 cm plant height, 24.5 leaves/plant, 1475.1 g/m2 dry matter accumulation). Further, Kunapajala spray attained 30.4%, 4.3%, 11.8%, 14.6%, 45.5%, 43.2% and 45.6% higher panicles/m2, panicle length, grains/panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield of rice, respectively, over control. However, use of Jeevamruth also performed well and remained as second-best option. Kunapajala spray further provided maximum economic profitability (net return of Rs. 83,233/ha and B:C ratio of 3.17) and therefore, it can be recommended for organically kharif rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":" 97","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.1
Supriya Priyadarsani, Asit Kumar Pradhan, Prakash Chandra Jena
India is one of the largest producers of food grains in the world. The country has a diverse agricultural sector that produces a wide range of crops, including rice, wheat, maize, pulses (such as lentils and chickpeas), and oilseeds. Rice and wheat are considered essential for ensuring food security in India. India has an extensive network of food grain storage infrastructure to cater to its significant agricultural production. The storage infrastructure in India is primarily managed by the Food Corporation of India (FCI), state government agencies, and private sector entities. Some of food grain storage infrastructure in India are warehouses, covered storage structures (silos), mandi storage facilities (temporarily store grains) and strategic reserve (buffer stock for food security). Private sector entities are increasingly investing in the modern storage facilities including temperature-controlled warehouses and automated storage systems, to improve storage capacity and reduce post-harvest losses. India faces challenges in effectively managing and maintaining the quality of stored food grains. Issues such as inadequate storage capacity, insufficient maintenance, lack of proper pest control measures, and logistical constraints contribute to post-harvest losses. The government and other stakeholders are continuously working on improving storage infrastructure and implementing technological solutions to address these challenges that tiggers for spoilage, mold growth, insect infestation and excessive drying. The real time monitoring and controlling of these factor during the storage period is a cumbersome task and needs advanced techniques. In this aspect Internet of Things (IoT) offers numerous benefits to food grain storage systems including real-time monitoring, early warning systems, optimal environmental conditioning, energy efficiency, inventory management, traceability and predictive analytics. By leveraging IoT technology, the industry can improve storage practices, reduce losses, ensure food safety, and enhance the overall efficiency of grain storage operations.
{"title":"Smart food grain storage system using Internet of Things (IoT): A Review","authors":"Supriya Priyadarsani, Asit Kumar Pradhan, Prakash Chandra Jena","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the largest producers of food grains in the world. The country has a diverse agricultural sector that produces a wide range of crops, including rice, wheat, maize, pulses (such as lentils and chickpeas), and oilseeds. Rice and wheat are considered essential for ensuring food security in India. India has an extensive network of food grain storage infrastructure to cater to its significant agricultural production. The storage infrastructure in India is primarily managed by the Food Corporation of India (FCI), state government agencies, and private sector entities. Some of food grain storage infrastructure in India are warehouses, covered storage structures (silos), mandi storage facilities (temporarily store grains) and strategic reserve (buffer stock for food security). Private sector entities are increasingly investing in the modern storage facilities including temperature-controlled warehouses and automated storage systems, to improve storage capacity and reduce post-harvest losses. India faces challenges in effectively managing and maintaining the quality of stored food grains. Issues such as inadequate storage capacity, insufficient maintenance, lack of proper pest control measures, and logistical constraints contribute to post-harvest losses. The government and other stakeholders are continuously working on improving storage infrastructure and implementing technological solutions to address these challenges that tiggers for spoilage, mold growth, insect infestation and excessive drying. The real time monitoring and controlling of these factor during the storage period is a cumbersome task and needs advanced techniques. In this aspect Internet of Things (IoT) offers numerous benefits to food grain storage systems including real-time monitoring, early warning systems, optimal environmental conditioning, energy efficiency, inventory management, traceability and predictive analytics. By leveraging IoT technology, the industry can improve storage practices, reduce losses, ensure food safety, and enhance the overall efficiency of grain storage operations.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.12
Asit Kumar Pradhan, Biswajit Mondal, Jaiprakash Bisen, NN Jambhulkar, GAK Kumar, SK Mishra
Rice is one of the most important crops of South Asian countries especially in India, China, and Bangladesh in which rice is consumed in larger quantity than other cereals as well as other food items. With increase in population though total consumption of rice had increased, per capita consumption had shown a decreased trend in recent years due to change in the dietary pattern of consumers. In this paper it has shown that how the rice consumption has been changed in India as well as in different states of the country. Further it has been studied for consumption of rice in rural and urban regions of the country and calories intake from rice as compared with other cereals as well as non-cereal items. Contribution of rice in the food security and the consumer preference according to certain prior characteristics like taste, quality of grain, aroma, etc. has been discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Appraising rice consumption pattern in India: trends, preferences and food security","authors":"Asit Kumar Pradhan, Biswajit Mondal, Jaiprakash Bisen, NN Jambhulkar, GAK Kumar, SK Mishra","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is one of the most important crops of South Asian countries especially in India, China, and Bangladesh in which rice is consumed in larger quantity than other cereals as well as other food items. With increase in population though total consumption of rice had increased, per capita consumption had shown a decreased trend in recent years due to change in the dietary pattern of consumers. In this paper it has shown that how the rice consumption has been changed in India as well as in different states of the country. Further it has been studied for consumption of rice in rural and urban regions of the country and calories intake from rice as compared with other cereals as well as non-cereal items. Contribution of rice in the food security and the consumer preference according to certain prior characteristics like taste, quality of grain, aroma, etc. has been discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.13
Nitiprasad Namdeorao Jambhulkar, Biswajit Mondal, Jaiprakash Bisen, Asit Kumar Pradhan
West Bengal is the largest rice-producing state in the country. It contributes significantly to the national production pool and is one of the important rice consuming state. It is essential to study the growth pattern of rice production in the state. The district wise information of growth rate and instability is not available. Also the association of growth rate and instability has not been studied. Hence the present study was conducted to compute the district wise growth rate and instability in the area, production and yield of rice in West Bengal state and to examine the association between growth rate and instability. The district-wise data on rice was sourced from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India for the period 1983-84 to 2019-20. The data has been divided into five periods for analysis. Compound annual growth rate and Cuddy-Della Valle Instability index have been computed for the five periods. The instability was divided into five classes. These classes are very low instability, low instability, medium instability, high instability and very high instability.The highest growth rate for area and production was recorded in Nadia district during period I (1983-34 to 1989-90) while the highest growth rate for yield was recorded in South Dinajpur district during period IV (2010-11 to 2019-20). The growth rate for production and yield was positive for all the districts during periods IV (2010-11 to 2019-20) and V (1983-84 to 2019-20). Only one district recorded a negative growth rate for production during period I (1983-84 to 1989-90) and for yield during the period I (1983-34 to 1989-90), III (2000-01 to 2009-10) and IV (2010-11 to 2019-20). The instability varied from 0.63 to 26.57 percent in area, 1.49 to 19.46 percent in production and 0.70 to 45.95 per cent in yield across the districts over five periods.None of the districts recorded very high instability for area, production and yield; high instability for area and production; and medium instability for yield.Most of the districts showed very low instability for area and yield during periods I (1983-34 to 1989-90), II (1990-91 to 1999-2000), III (2000-01 to 2009-10) and IV (2010-11 to 2019-20); and low instability during period V (1983-84 to 2019-20). For production, the highest number of districts recorded low instability during periods I (1983-34 to 1989-90), III (2000-01 to 2009-10), and V (1983-84 to 2019-20) and very low instability during period II (1990-91 to 1999-2000) and IV (2010-11 to 2019-20). The growth in area is moving around zero, which indicates little scope in area expansion. The increase in rice demand can achieved through introduction of new high yielding varieties and application of site specific crop management techniques. For this a comprehensive database may be developed at disaggregated level to implement the policy at district level in West Bengal.
{"title":"Growth and instability of rice production: a district level analysis in West Bengal, India","authors":"Nitiprasad Namdeorao Jambhulkar, Biswajit Mondal, Jaiprakash Bisen, Asit Kumar Pradhan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"West Bengal is the largest rice-producing state in the country. It contributes significantly to the national production pool and is one of the important rice consuming state. It is essential to study the growth pattern of rice production in the state. The district wise information of growth rate and instability is not available. Also the association of growth rate and instability has not been studied. Hence the present study was conducted to compute the district wise growth rate and instability in the area, production and yield of rice in West Bengal state and to examine the association between growth rate and instability. The district-wise data on rice was sourced from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India for the period 1983-84 to 2019-20. The data has been divided into five periods for analysis. Compound annual growth rate and Cuddy-Della Valle Instability index have been computed for the five periods. The instability was divided into five classes. These classes are very low instability, low instability, medium instability, high instability and very high instability.The highest growth rate for area and production was recorded in Nadia district during period I (1983-34 to 1989-90) while the highest growth rate for yield was recorded in South Dinajpur district during period IV (2010-11 to 2019-20). The growth rate for production and yield was positive for all the districts during periods IV (2010-11 to 2019-20) and V (1983-84 to 2019-20). Only one district recorded a negative growth rate for production during period I (1983-84 to 1989-90) and for yield during the period I (1983-34 to 1989-90), III (2000-01 to 2009-10) and IV (2010-11 to 2019-20). The instability varied from 0.63 to 26.57 percent in area, 1.49 to 19.46 percent in production and 0.70 to 45.95 per cent in yield across the districts over five periods.None of the districts recorded very high instability for area, production and yield; high instability for area and production; and medium instability for yield.Most of the districts showed very low instability for area and yield during periods I (1983-34 to 1989-90), II (1990-91 to 1999-2000), III (2000-01 to 2009-10) and IV (2010-11 to 2019-20); and low instability during period V (1983-84 to 2019-20). For production, the highest number of districts recorded low instability during periods I (1983-34 to 1989-90), III (2000-01 to 2009-10), and V (1983-84 to 2019-20) and very low instability during period II (1990-91 to 1999-2000) and IV (2010-11 to 2019-20). The growth in area is moving around zero, which indicates little scope in area expansion. The increase in rice demand can achieved through introduction of new high yielding varieties and application of site specific crop management techniques. For this a comprehensive database may be developed at disaggregated level to implement the policy at district level in West Bengal.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.9
Rayapati Karthik, Mainak Ghosh, Arnab Roy Chowdhury, Devi Lal Dhaker
The present investigation was emphasized to evaluate the precision nitrogen management using SPAD meter in improving N uptake as well as soil fertility status in rice crop under direct seeded condition.The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India during the monsoon season, 2018 including twelve treatment combinations of three rice cultivars (Sabour Ardhjal, Shushk Samrat, Shabhagi Dhan) and four N management levels (Control, Fixed time nitrogen management (FTNM), Real time nitrogen management (RTNM), Adjustable dose of nitrogen management (ADNM)). Results revealed that Shushk Samrat among the cultivars and FTNM among N management practices have recorded highest leaf N content as well as N uptake. There is no major difference observed in soil properties and it might take few years to observe the impact of nitrogen management strategies on soil properties.
{"title":"Impact of SPAD chlorophyll meter based nitrogen management strategy on N uptake and soil properties in direct seeded rice","authors":"Rayapati Karthik, Mainak Ghosh, Arnab Roy Chowdhury, Devi Lal Dhaker","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was emphasized to evaluate the precision nitrogen management using SPAD meter in improving N uptake as well as soil fertility status in rice crop under direct seeded condition.The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India during the monsoon season, 2018 including twelve treatment combinations of three rice cultivars (Sabour Ardhjal, Shushk Samrat, Shabhagi Dhan) and four N management levels (Control, Fixed time nitrogen management (FTNM), Real time nitrogen management (RTNM), Adjustable dose of nitrogen management (ADNM)). Results revealed that Shushk Samrat among the cultivars and FTNM among N management practices have recorded highest leaf N content as well as N uptake. There is no major difference observed in soil properties and it might take few years to observe the impact of nitrogen management strategies on soil properties.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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