Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.4
S Vijayakumar, AK Nayak, N Manikandan, Suchismita Pattanaik, Rahul Tripathi, CK Swain
The study examines extreme daily precipitation and temperature trends in coastal Odisha, India by calculating 18 weather indices (8 temperature indices and 10 rainfall indices) using the RClimDex software package for the period 1980-2010. Statistical significance of the indices was determined through trend analysis using linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. Results indicated, a strong and significant trend in temperature indices while the weak and non-significant trend in precipitation indices. The positive trend in Tmax mean, Tmin mean, TN90p (warm nights), TX90p (warm days), diurnal temperature range, warm spell duration indicator, consecutive dry days indicates increasing the frequency of warming events in coastal Odisha. Similarly, positive trend in highest maximum 1-day precipitation, highest maximum 2-consecutive day precipitation, highest maximum 3 consecutive day precipitation, highest maximum 5-consecutive day precipitation, number of heavy precipitation days (64.5mm), number of very heavy precipitation days (124.5mm) and negative trend in the number of rainy days (R2.5mm), consecutive wet days indicate changes toward the more intense and poor distribution of precipitation in coastal Odisha. Extreme precipitation and temperature events negatively impacted rice yield, with a sharp decline observed in all coastal districts. The study highlights the need for new technology/management practices to minimize these impacts.
{"title":"Extreme weather events and its impacts on rice production in coastal Odisha region of India","authors":"S Vijayakumar, AK Nayak, N Manikandan, Suchismita Pattanaik, Rahul Tripathi, CK Swain","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines extreme daily precipitation and temperature trends in coastal Odisha, India by calculating 18 weather indices (8 temperature indices and 10 rainfall indices) using the RClimDex software package for the period 1980-2010. Statistical significance of the indices was determined through trend analysis using linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. Results indicated, a strong and significant trend in temperature indices while the weak and non-significant trend in precipitation indices. The positive trend in Tmax mean, Tmin mean, TN90p (warm nights), TX90p (warm days), diurnal temperature range, warm spell duration indicator, consecutive dry days indicates increasing the frequency of warming events in coastal Odisha. Similarly, positive trend in highest maximum 1-day precipitation, highest maximum 2-consecutive day precipitation, highest maximum 3 consecutive day precipitation, highest maximum 5-consecutive day precipitation, number of heavy precipitation days (64.5mm), number of very heavy precipitation days (124.5mm) and negative trend in the number of rainy days (R2.5mm), consecutive wet days indicate changes toward the more intense and poor distribution of precipitation in coastal Odisha. Extreme precipitation and temperature events negatively impacted rice yield, with a sharp decline observed in all coastal districts. The study highlights the need for new technology/management practices to minimize these impacts.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.5
Amit A Shahane, UK Behera
The field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture (CAU-I), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya in kharif season of 2021. The objective of experiment was to study performance of upland rice varieties (XRA 77922, XRA 87925, XRA 87928, XRA 752PJ6, XRA 37923 and XRA 38967) in displaced soil due to erosion and human traffic. All six rice varieties didn't show any significant different in growth and yield attributes; while all of them affected significantly due to abiotic stress arose due to soil erosion (shallow depth, high proportion of gravels, low water holding capacity and low soil fertility) leading to their sub-optimal growth and performance. The sub-optimal growth leads to susceptibility of rice varieties to blast disease, higher weed population and their flushes as well as termite infestation. The low fertility percentage of panicle (44.1 to 44.4 %), 25.3 to 28.0 (no.) filled spikelets, 212 to 221 tillers /m2, 22.7 to 25.7 g/m2 dry matter at 60 days after sowing, poor vegetative growth and drying of leaves towards the flowering and grain filling stage and grain and straw yield of 184.3-188.7 kg/ha to 671.3-676.0kg/ha showed the effect above mentioned stresses. The soil erosion is regular phenomenon in state and making field clear for upland cultivation increase the chances of soil erosion and fertility losses. This urge the need for additional effort along with crop management practices to enhance adoption of upland direct seeded rice and improvement in rice productivity by growing of new high yielding varieties in state and harvesting the genotype x environment positive interaction.
{"title":"Performance of upland sown direct seeded rice varieties grown in displaced soil under organic production system","authors":"Amit A Shahane, UK Behera","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture (CAU-I), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya in kharif season of 2021. The objective of experiment was to study performance of upland rice varieties (XRA 77922, XRA 87925, XRA 87928, XRA 752PJ6, XRA 37923 and XRA 38967) in displaced soil due to erosion and human traffic. All six rice varieties didn't show any significant different in growth and yield attributes; while all of them affected significantly due to abiotic stress arose due to soil erosion (shallow depth, high proportion of gravels, low water holding capacity and low soil fertility) leading to their sub-optimal growth and performance. The sub-optimal growth leads to susceptibility of rice varieties to blast disease, higher weed population and their flushes as well as termite infestation. The low fertility percentage of panicle (44.1 to 44.4 %), 25.3 to 28.0 (no.) filled spikelets, 212 to 221 tillers /m2, 22.7 to 25.7 g/m2 dry matter at 60 days after sowing, poor vegetative growth and drying of leaves towards the flowering and grain filling stage and grain and straw yield of 184.3-188.7 kg/ha to 671.3-676.0kg/ha showed the effect above mentioned stresses. The soil erosion is regular phenomenon in state and making field clear for upland cultivation increase the chances of soil erosion and fertility losses. This urge the need for additional effort along with crop management practices to enhance adoption of upland direct seeded rice and improvement in rice productivity by growing of new high yielding varieties in state and harvesting the genotype x environment positive interaction.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.11
Feby Atee, N Chitra, V Balasubramani, Sheela Venugopal, R Kumaraperumal
Leafhoppers diversity was studied in irrigated rice ecosystems of Cauvery Delta Zone, High Rainfall Zone and Western Zone. Leafhopper assemblage comprised 14 species of Cicadellidae and among them Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky) was found to be the most abundant species (35.02%), followed by Cofana spectra (Distant) (23.15%). The order of species diversity in the observed districts were Western Zone (13 species) > High Rainfall Zone (8 species) > Cauvery Delta Zone (4 species). Shannon Weiner Index revealed a higher diversity in High Rainfall Zone and Western Zone (H'= 1.77 > 1.76). Margalef's Index of species richness was observed highest in Western Zone (a = 1.93). Pielou's Evenness Index was found to be almost similar for Western Zone (0.30) and Cauvery Delta Zone (0.29) while High Rainfall Zone exhibited highest evenness (0.37). Jaccard index of similarity of 50% (highest) was observed between Western Zone and Kanyakumari, Cauvery Delta Zone and High Rainfall Zone. Berger-Parker Index of dominance (D) revealed M. dorsalis to be the most dominant in Western Zone (0.25) and Cauvery Delta Zone (0.66) while High Rainfall Zone showed a high dominance of Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) (0.27). Among the leafhoppers studied Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Empoascanara maculifrons (Motschulsky), Exitianus sp., Thomsonia porrecta (Walker) were recorded for the first time in rice ecosystem of Tamil Nadu. The present study will be a baseline information on the diversity of leafhoppers in irrigated rice of Tamil Nadu and will complement the data collected in the future to gain a holistic understanding on the leafhopper diversity of Tamil Nadu.
{"title":"Inventory of leafhoppers in irrigated rice in Tamil Nadu","authors":"Feby Atee, N Chitra, V Balasubramani, Sheela Venugopal, R Kumaraperumal","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Leafhoppers diversity was studied in irrigated rice ecosystems of Cauvery Delta Zone, High Rainfall Zone and Western Zone. Leafhopper assemblage comprised 14 species of Cicadellidae and among them Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky) was found to be the most abundant species (35.02%), followed by Cofana spectra (Distant) (23.15%). The order of species diversity in the observed districts were Western Zone (13 species) > High Rainfall Zone (8 species) > Cauvery Delta Zone (4 species). Shannon Weiner Index revealed a higher diversity in High Rainfall Zone and Western Zone (H'= 1.77 > 1.76). Margalef's Index of species richness was observed highest in Western Zone (a = 1.93). Pielou's Evenness Index was found to be almost similar for Western Zone (0.30) and Cauvery Delta Zone (0.29) while High Rainfall Zone exhibited highest evenness (0.37). Jaccard index of similarity of 50% (highest) was observed between Western Zone and Kanyakumari, Cauvery Delta Zone and High Rainfall Zone. Berger-Parker Index of dominance (D) revealed M. dorsalis to be the most dominant in Western Zone (0.25) and Cauvery Delta Zone (0.66) while High Rainfall Zone showed a high dominance of Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) (0.27). Among the leafhoppers studied Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Empoascanara maculifrons (Motschulsky), Exitianus sp., Thomsonia porrecta (Walker) were recorded for the first time in rice ecosystem of Tamil Nadu. The present study will be a baseline information on the diversity of leafhoppers in irrigated rice of Tamil Nadu and will complement the data collected in the future to gain a holistic understanding on the leafhopper diversity of Tamil Nadu.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.7
R Gobinath, SP Datta, S Vijayakumar, RD Singh, VK Sharma, K Surekha, V Manasa
Alleviating iron (Fe) deficiency in soil and enhancing Fe content in edible portions by using conventional supplements pose challenges. In this context, a greenhouse experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2018 to evaluate the impact of iron dose and source, specifically nano Fe2O3 and FeSO4, on rice root growth and yields. Results showed that foliar application of 0.2% Fe through FeSO4 and 0.2% Fe through nano Fe2O3 significantly increased the mean root length by 9.5% and 10.1%, respectively, alongside increasing the mean root surface area by 8.8% and 7.3%, respectively, over control. However, the soil application of Fe (3 mg Fe/kg and 0.6 mg Fe/kg through nano Fe2O3 was ineffective in enhancing the rice root length and surface area. In contrast to the root parameters, nano Fe2O3 treatment did not have any significant improvement in grain and straw yield. The addition of Fe through FeSO4 .7H2O led to a noteworthy 24% and 33% increase in grain yield at 0.2% Fe (foliar) and 15 mg Fe/kg (soil), respectively. Similarly, the straw yield saw a corresponding increase of 39% and 34%, respectively, over control. Moreover, the application of FeSO4 and nano Fe2O3 resulted in Fe content registering 1.89 and 1.50 times higher than the control (93 mg/kg). Conversely, lower doses of nano Fe2O3 exhibited no influence on ferrous ion content, DTPA-Fe levels, or yield through both foliar and soil applications.
{"title":"Influence of iron nanoparticles on rice (Oryza sativa) plant growth and yields","authors":"R Gobinath, SP Datta, S Vijayakumar, RD Singh, VK Sharma, K Surekha, V Manasa","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Alleviating iron (Fe) deficiency in soil and enhancing Fe content in edible portions by using conventional supplements pose challenges. In this context, a greenhouse experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2018 to evaluate the impact of iron dose and source, specifically nano Fe2O3 and FeSO4, on rice root growth and yields. Results showed that foliar application of 0.2% Fe through FeSO4 and 0.2% Fe through nano Fe2O3 significantly increased the mean root length by 9.5% and 10.1%, respectively, alongside increasing the mean root surface area by 8.8% and 7.3%, respectively, over control. However, the soil application of Fe (3 mg Fe/kg and 0.6 mg Fe/kg through nano Fe2O3 was ineffective in enhancing the rice root length and surface area. In contrast to the root parameters, nano Fe2O3 treatment did not have any significant improvement in grain and straw yield. The addition of Fe through FeSO4 .7H2O led to a noteworthy 24% and 33% increase in grain yield at 0.2% Fe (foliar) and 15 mg Fe/kg (soil), respectively. Similarly, the straw yield saw a corresponding increase of 39% and 34%, respectively, over control. Moreover, the application of FeSO4 and nano Fe2O3 resulted in Fe content registering 1.89 and 1.50 times higher than the control (93 mg/kg). Conversely, lower doses of nano Fe2O3 exhibited no influence on ferrous ion content, DTPA-Fe levels, or yield through both foliar and soil applications.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In lowland rice cultivation, the application of conventional urea fertilizer provides low N to rice plants and exhibits low N use efficiency (~ 30%) due to greater loss of N. Hence the present study hypothesized that nano-urea spray could fulfil N requirement of rice plants and thereby produce high yields. So, a field experiment was conducted on hybrid rice (cv. Arize-6444 Gold) at Regional Research Sub-Station, BCKV, Chakdaha, Nadia under new alluvial zone (NAZ) of West Bengal during winter (rabi) season of 2021-22 to assess the effect of nano-urea on growth attributes, yield components, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of hybrid rice.The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six treatments [T1:100% RDN i.e. 150 kg ha-1 through urea, T2:100% N(Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T3:75% N (Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T4:50% N(Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T5:125% N (Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T6:Control], each replicated four times. All the treatments were consisted of a uniform recommended dose of 100% P and K (each of 80 kg ha-1) supplied through SSP and MOP, respectively, except for T6 (control). In each treatment, foliar spray was done with IFFCO nano-urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water twice at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage. Results of the present experiment revealed that growth parameters of tested hybrid rice namely plant height, LAI, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate registered better result under treatment T2 than other treatments. As expected, the above-mentioned growth attributes were lowest on receiving T6 treatment at almost all dates of observation. Among yield attributes of hybrid rice, number of panicles m-2(392), panicle length (32.46 cm) and panicle weight (5.58 g) were highest with treatment T5, while filled grains panicle-1(194) and 1000-grain weight (24.18 g) were maximum for T2 treatment. Highest grain yield (7.15 t ha-1) and HI (50.71%) of hybrid rice were obtained with T2 treatment, while the highest straw yield (7.20 t ha-1) was obtained with T5 treatment. The treatment T2 resulted in highest grain N (1.48%) and K (0.21%) content. Total cost of cultivation was highest in T5 (Rs. 77712 ha-1), but net return (Rs. 43720 ha-1) as well as B:C ratio (1.57) was highest for T2 treatment. Hence, the application of 100% RDN in conjunction with nano-urea spray twice at 25 and 50 DAT has been effective for higher productivity and profitability of hybrid rice cultivation.
在低地水稻栽培中，常规氮肥施用给水稻植株的氮含量较低，氮素损失较大，氮素利用效率较低(~ 30%)，因此本研究假设纳米尿素喷雾可以满足水稻植株对氮的需求，从而实现高产。为此，对杂交水稻(cv。在西孟加拉邦新冲积带(NAZ)的BCKV, Chakdaha, Nadia区域研究分站，于2021-22冬(rabi)季评估纳米尿素对杂交水稻生长特性、产量组成、产量、养分吸收和经济的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计，共设6个处理[T1:100% RDN (150 kg hm -1)尿素，T2:100% N(尿素)+ 2次纳米尿素叶面喷施，T3:75% N(尿素)+ 2次纳米尿素叶面喷施，T4:50% N(尿素)+ 2次纳米尿素叶面喷施，T5:125% N(尿素)+ 2次纳米尿素叶面喷施，T6:对照]，每个重复4次。除T6(对照)外，所有处理均采用统一推荐剂量，分别通过SSP和MOP提供100%磷和钾(各80 kg ha-1)。每个处理分别在分蘖期和穗发育期叶片喷施IFFCO纳米尿素@ 4ml l -1水。本试验结果表明，T2处理对杂交水稻株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量和作物生长速率的影响优于其他处理。正如预期的那样，上述生长属性在接受T6处理时几乎在所有观察日期都最低。杂交稻产量性状中，T5处理籽粒数m-2(392)、穗长(32.46 cm)和穗重(5.58 g)最高，T2处理籽粒数m-2(194)和千粒重(24.18 g)最高。T2处理的杂交稻籽粒产量最高(7.15 t ha-1)， HI最高(50.71%)，T5处理的秸秆产量最高(7.20 t ha-1)。T2处理籽粒N和K含量最高，分别为1.48%和0.21%。T5处理的栽培总成本最高(77712 ha-1)，但T2处理的净收益(43720 ha-1)和B:C比(1.57)最高。因此，100% RDN与纳米尿素喷施结合，在25和50 DAT下喷施两次，可有效提高杂交水稻的生产力和盈利能力。
{"title":"Impact of foliar applied nano-urea on growth, productivity and profitability of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Sreeja Namasharma, Aditi Pahari, Abhisek Banik, Subhajit Pal, Megha Sana, Sukanta Pal, Hirak Banerjee","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"In lowland rice cultivation, the application of conventional urea fertilizer provides low N to rice plants and exhibits low N use efficiency (~ 30%) due to greater loss of N. Hence the present study hypothesized that nano-urea spray could fulfil N requirement of rice plants and thereby produce high yields. So, a field experiment was conducted on hybrid rice (cv. Arize-6444 Gold) at Regional Research Sub-Station, BCKV, Chakdaha, Nadia under new alluvial zone (NAZ) of West Bengal during winter (rabi) season of 2021-22 to assess the effect of nano-urea on growth attributes, yield components, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of hybrid rice.The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six treatments [T1:100% RDN i.e. 150 kg ha-1 through urea, T2:100% N(Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T3:75% N (Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T4:50% N(Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T5:125% N (Urea) + 2 foliar spray of nano-urea, T6:Control], each replicated four times. All the treatments were consisted of a uniform recommended dose of 100% P and K (each of 80 kg ha-1) supplied through SSP and MOP, respectively, except for T6 (control). In each treatment, foliar spray was done with IFFCO nano-urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water twice at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage. Results of the present experiment revealed that growth parameters of tested hybrid rice namely plant height, LAI, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate registered better result under treatment T2 than other treatments. As expected, the above-mentioned growth attributes were lowest on receiving T6 treatment at almost all dates of observation. Among yield attributes of hybrid rice, number of panicles m-2(392), panicle length (32.46 cm) and panicle weight (5.58 g) were highest with treatment T5, while filled grains panicle-1(194) and 1000-grain weight (24.18 g) were maximum for T2 treatment. Highest grain yield (7.15 t ha-1) and HI (50.71%) of hybrid rice were obtained with T2 treatment, while the highest straw yield (7.20 t ha-1) was obtained with T5 treatment. The treatment T2 resulted in highest grain N (1.48%) and K (0.21%) content. Total cost of cultivation was highest in T5 (Rs. 77712 ha-1), but net return (Rs. 43720 ha-1) as well as B:C ratio (1.57) was highest for T2 treatment. Hence, the application of 100% RDN in conjunction with nano-urea spray twice at 25 and 50 DAT has been effective for higher productivity and profitability of hybrid rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is one of the most important crops of Assam covering more than 25 lakh hectares. Over the last few decades, the rice scenario in Assam has seen significant changes, in which AAU has played a major role. With over fifty varieties released over forty years, the university has played a critical role in uplifting the Assam economy. Varieties like Ranjit and Bahadur are amongst the most widely used varieties of the state. However, the monetary contribution that they has to the states economy was not examined till date. This study tried to assess the impact that these two varieties had on the state's economy. Various statistical tools were used in the study. the compound growth rate as well as the instability index was also calculated and it was found that the varieties played a significant role in the growth rates for production as well as productivity of Sali rice in Assam It was also found that both of these varieties helped to increase the productivity of the states, without which it would have continued at roughly a thousand tonnes per hectare and nearly doubled as a result of the adoption of these varieties. The varieties also brought an increase in the benefit-cost ratio of the farmers. Based on the study it can be said that during 2014-15 they contributed around 3685 crores to Assam's economy.
{"title":"Economic impact of AAU rice varieties Ranjit and Bahadur in Assam","authors":"Pompi Dutta, Sanjay Kumar Chetia, Jayanta Hazarika, Ramen Kumar Sarma, Nivedita Deka","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is one of the most important crops of Assam covering more than 25 lakh hectares. Over the last few decades, the rice scenario in Assam has seen significant changes, in which AAU has played a major role. With over fifty varieties released over forty years, the university has played a critical role in uplifting the Assam economy. Varieties like Ranjit and Bahadur are amongst the most widely used varieties of the state. However, the monetary contribution that they has to the states economy was not examined till date. This study tried to assess the impact that these two varieties had on the state's economy. Various statistical tools were used in the study. the compound growth rate as well as the instability index was also calculated and it was found that the varieties played a significant role in the growth rates for production as well as productivity of Sali rice in Assam It was also found that both of these varieties helped to increase the productivity of the states, without which it would have continued at roughly a thousand tonnes per hectare and nearly doubled as a result of the adoption of these varieties. The varieties also brought an increase in the benefit-cost ratio of the farmers. Based on the study it can be said that during 2014-15 they contributed around 3685 crores to Assam's economy.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.2
Anjan Roy, Lakshmi Hijam, Sanghamitra Rout
In North Eastern India, rice is the most common food consumed. Many different rice cultivars have been developed over the past 60 years. The dynamic variations in grain quality improvement among the main cultivars have seldom been the subject of investigation. The study assessed 20 rice landraces for eight variables related to cooking quality to identify various genotypes for potential breeding programme and to determine the minimum number of components that can best explain the total diversity. Out of the eight PCs, three PCs exhibited more than 1.0 eigen values and exhibited 78.71 % total variability among the characters. KBAC, CLBR, KLBR and KB were associated with PC I, which explained 37.11% of the overall variance. From the cluster analysis, the 20 rice landraces were divided into seven different groups. Between cluster VII and III and between cluster VII and V there was maximum inter- cluster divergence, indicating that the genotypes found in these clusters were genetically more distinct from one another than genotypes found in any other cluster. Landraces including Dhansiri, Phourin Nakuppi, Moniram, Ranjit, Mahsuri, Chakhao Sempak and Disang were found to be genetically divergent and would produce prospective segregating populations that may be employed as source materials for improving quality attributes through appropriate selection, according to the inter-cluster distances.
{"title":"Diversity analysis for cooking quality traits in North-East Indian rice landraces","authors":"Anjan Roy, Lakshmi Hijam, Sanghamitra Rout","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"In North Eastern India, rice is the most common food consumed. Many different rice cultivars have been developed over the past 60 years. The dynamic variations in grain quality improvement among the main cultivars have seldom been the subject of investigation. The study assessed 20 rice landraces for eight variables related to cooking quality to identify various genotypes for potential breeding programme and to determine the minimum number of components that can best explain the total diversity. Out of the eight PCs, three PCs exhibited more than 1.0 eigen values and exhibited 78.71 % total variability among the characters. KBAC, CLBR, KLBR and KB were associated with PC I, which explained 37.11% of the overall variance. From the cluster analysis, the 20 rice landraces were divided into seven different groups. Between cluster VII and III and between cluster VII and V there was maximum inter- cluster divergence, indicating that the genotypes found in these clusters were genetically more distinct from one another than genotypes found in any other cluster. Landraces including Dhansiri, Phourin Nakuppi, Moniram, Ranjit, Mahsuri, Chakhao Sempak and Disang were found to be genetically divergent and would produce prospective segregating populations that may be employed as source materials for improving quality attributes through appropriate selection, according to the inter-cluster distances.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.6
Devi VS, O Kumari Swadija, Radhika NS
A field investigation was conducted during August to December 2015 and 2016 in farmers` fields in Thalayazham panchayat in Kottayam district. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having 16 treatments in three replications with rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Uma. The treatments were dolomite, lime + MgSO4 or RHA (rice husk ash) + MgSO4 along with 100% package of practice (POP) alone or with 100% POP + foliar spray of 13-0-45 N-P-K (KNO3) (1%) or borax (0.5%) or 13-0-45 + borax at PI (panicle initiation) stage. Lime + MgSO4 + 75% POP + 13-0-45 + borax as well as lime without MgSO4 + 100% POP combined with 13-0-45 or borax or both were also included as treatments. Higher grain yield of 5.42 and 5.57 t ha-1 during 2015 and 2016 respectively were produced by dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 followed by dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 + borax and lime + POP + MgSO4 + 13-0-45. The treatments involving dolomite and lime with or without MgSO4 produced taller plants, higher tiller number m-2 and higher Leaf Area Index during both the years. Dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 produced the highest number of panicles m-2. Higher test weight and lower percentage of unfilled grains were observed with dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 and dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 + borax. Lime and dolomite treatments were more effective in reducing soil acidity and improving dehydrogenase activity and nutrient availability in the soil than RHA treatments during both the years. However, the effect of liming materials applied as basal and at 30 DAS diminishes after the crop and this necessitates application of liming materials in every crop season. Availability of soil N improved by treatments involving lime + POP without MgSO4 at PI and harvest stages. The treatments involving dolomite + POP and lime + POP with or without MgSO4 recorded higher available P during PI stage. In general, higher status of available K was registered by the treatments involving dolomite or lime application and lower K status registered by the treatment with 75% POP fertilizer. All treatments involving lime or dolomite registered higher soil available Ca and those involving dolomite or lime + MgSO4 showed higher availability of Mg in the soil. The treatments involving dolomite registered lower status of soil available Fe and higher status of available B. Higher status of available Zn was registered by the treatments involving dolomite or lime + MgSO4. Soil pH was significantly and positively correlated with available P, Ca and Mg and significantly and negatively correlated with available Fe in the soil. In general, higher uptake of macronutrients was observed with dolomite or lime + MgSO4 treatments along with 100% POP during both the years. Foliar spray of 13-0-45 recorded higher N and K uptake. Significant and positive correlation of grain yield with uptake of macro nutrients was also observed.
在2015年8月至2016年12月期间，在Kottayam区Thalayazham panchayat的农民田间进行了实地调查。试验采用随机区组设计，16个处理，3个重复。处理为白云石、石灰+ MgSO4或RHA(稻壳灰)+ MgSO4，并单独100%喷施(POP)或100% POP +叶面喷施13-0-45 N-P-K (KNO3)(1%)或硼砂(0.5%)或13-0-45 +硼砂。石灰+ MgSO4 + 75% POP + 13-0-45 +硼砂，以及不加MgSO4 + 100% POP的石灰与13-0-45或硼砂或两者同时处理。2015年和2016年白云石+ POP + 13-0-45籽粒产量较高，分别为5.42和5.57 t hm -1，其次是白云石+ POP + 13-0-45 +硼砂和石灰+ POP + MgSO4 + 13-0-45。添加或不添加MgSO4的白云石和石灰处理的植株均较高，分蘖数m-2和叶面积指数均较高。白云石+ POP + 13-0-45的穗数m-2最高。白云石+ POP + 13-0-45和白云石+ POP + 13-0-45 +硼砂的试验质量较高，未充粒率较低。石灰和白云石处理在降低土壤酸度、提高土壤脱氢酶活性和养分有效性方面都比RHA处理更有效。然而，施用石灰材料作为基础和30 DAS的效果在作物后减弱，这需要在每个作物季节施用石灰材料。石灰+ POP不加MgSO4处理提高了土壤氮素有效性。白云石+ POP和石灰+ POP处理在PI期有效磷含量较高。总体而言，施白云石或石灰处理的速效钾状态较高，75% POP肥处理的速效钾状态较低。石灰和白云石处理的土壤有效钙含量较高，白云石或石灰+ MgSO4处理的土壤有效镁含量较高。白云岩处理土壤有效铁含量较低，有效硼含量较高，白云岩或石灰+ MgSO4处理土壤有效锌含量较高。土壤pH与速效磷、钙、镁呈显著正相关，与速效铁呈显著负相关。总的来说，在这两年中，白云石或石灰+ MgSO4处理以及100% POP处理对宏量营养素的吸收量更高。叶面喷施13-0-45处理的氮、钾吸收量较高。籽粒产量与宏观养分吸收呈显著正相关。
{"title":"Acidity and nutrient management practices for enhancing soil nutrient availability, nutrient uptake and grain yield of rice in Vaikom kari soils in Kuttanad, Kerala","authors":"Devi VS, O Kumari Swadija, Radhika NS","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"A field investigation was conducted during August to December 2015 and 2016 in farmers` fields in Thalayazham panchayat in Kottayam district. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having 16 treatments in three replications with rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Uma. The treatments were dolomite, lime + MgSO4 or RHA (rice husk ash) + MgSO4 along with 100% package of practice (POP) alone or with 100% POP + foliar spray of 13-0-45 N-P-K (KNO3) (1%) or borax (0.5%) or 13-0-45 + borax at PI (panicle initiation) stage. Lime + MgSO4 + 75% POP + 13-0-45 + borax as well as lime without MgSO4 + 100% POP combined with 13-0-45 or borax or both were also included as treatments. Higher grain yield of 5.42 and 5.57 t ha-1 during 2015 and 2016 respectively were produced by dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 followed by dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 + borax and lime + POP + MgSO4 + 13-0-45. The treatments involving dolomite and lime with or without MgSO4 produced taller plants, higher tiller number m-2 and higher Leaf Area Index during both the years. Dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 produced the highest number of panicles m-2. Higher test weight and lower percentage of unfilled grains were observed with dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 and dolomite + POP + 13-0-45 + borax. Lime and dolomite treatments were more effective in reducing soil acidity and improving dehydrogenase activity and nutrient availability in the soil than RHA treatments during both the years. However, the effect of liming materials applied as basal and at 30 DAS diminishes after the crop and this necessitates application of liming materials in every crop season. Availability of soil N improved by treatments involving lime + POP without MgSO4 at PI and harvest stages. The treatments involving dolomite + POP and lime + POP with or without MgSO4 recorded higher available P during PI stage. In general, higher status of available K was registered by the treatments involving dolomite or lime application and lower K status registered by the treatment with 75% POP fertilizer. All treatments involving lime or dolomite registered higher soil available Ca and those involving dolomite or lime + MgSO4 showed higher availability of Mg in the soil. The treatments involving dolomite registered lower status of soil available Fe and higher status of available B. Higher status of available Zn was registered by the treatments involving dolomite or lime + MgSO4. Soil pH was significantly and positively correlated with available P, Ca and Mg and significantly and negatively correlated with available Fe in the soil. In general, higher uptake of macronutrients was observed with dolomite or lime + MgSO4 treatments along with 100% POP during both the years. Foliar spray of 13-0-45 recorded higher N and K uptake. Significant and positive correlation of grain yield with uptake of macro nutrients was also observed.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2019 to study the effect of tillage and nutrient management strategies on rice productivity, nutrient uptake and soil properties in Eastern Indo Gangetic Plains (EIGP) of India. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Nine treatment combinations comprising of three tillage methods in the main plots viz., Conventional tillage, Zero tillage and Zero tillage + Residue management and three nutrient management practices viz., recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), SSNM based on Nutrient expert and 60 % RDN + green seeker guided N application (GSGN) + 100% RDP + 100% RDK in the subplot. The results of the study revealed that residue management with zero tillage practice resulted in 14.03 % and 9.27 % higher grain and straw yield than conventional tillage respectively. Zero tillage with residue management increased nutrient uptake to the maximum of 86.71 kg N, 24.62 kg P and 99.99 kg K/ha as compared to conventional tillage. Among nutrient management, SSNM based on Nutrient expert exhibited the highest grain (4.5 t/ha ) and straw yields (6.4 t/ha ), while 60 % RDN+ GSGN + 100% RDP + 100% RDK showed at par of these values. Adoption of SSNM based on Nutrient expert resulted in maximum N, P and K uptake. Different tillage and nutrient management regimes did not affect the soil properties significantly. Thus, zero tillage and residue management with SSNM based on Nutrient expert is a viable management practice for improving productivity under DSR in EIGP of India.
2019年，在印度东印度恒河平原(EIGP)开展了一项田间试验，研究耕作和养分管理策略对水稻生产力、养分吸收和土壤性质的影响。试验采用裂区设计，重复3次。9种处理组合，包括主小区常规耕作、免耕和免耕+残茬管理3种耕作方式和3种养分管理方式，即肥料推荐剂量(RDF)、基于营养专家的SSNM和60% RDN +绿色导引者引导施氮(GSGN) + 100% RDP + 100% RDK。研究结果表明，免耕秸秆管理比常规耕作的粮食和秸秆产量分别提高14.03%和9.27%。与常规耕作相比，免耕配残茬管理提高了养分吸收量，最高可达86.71 kg N、24.62 kg P和99.99 kg K/ha。在营养管理中，以营养专家为基础的SSNM的籽粒产量最高(4.5 t/ha)，秸秆产量最高(6.4 t/ha)，而60% RDN+ GSGN + 100% RDP + 100% RDK均达到上述水平。采用基于营养专家的SSNM，氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大。不同耕作方式和养分管理方式对土壤性质影响不显著。因此，基于养分专家的SSNM免耕剩余物管理是印度EIGP在DSR条件下提高生产力的可行管理实践。
{"title":"Influence of tillage and nutrient management strategies on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity, nutrient uptake and soil properties","authors":"Pittala Manoj Kumar, Dhirendra Kumar Roy, Shivani Ranjan, Sumit Sow","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during 2019 to study the effect of tillage and nutrient management strategies on rice productivity, nutrient uptake and soil properties in Eastern Indo Gangetic Plains (EIGP) of India. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Nine treatment combinations comprising of three tillage methods in the main plots viz., Conventional tillage, Zero tillage and Zero tillage + Residue management and three nutrient management practices viz., recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), SSNM based on Nutrient expert and 60 % RDN + green seeker guided N application (GSGN) + 100% RDP + 100% RDK in the subplot. The results of the study revealed that residue management with zero tillage practice resulted in 14.03 % and 9.27 % higher grain and straw yield than conventional tillage respectively. Zero tillage with residue management increased nutrient uptake to the maximum of 86.71 kg N, 24.62 kg P and 99.99 kg K/ha as compared to conventional tillage. Among nutrient management, SSNM based on Nutrient expert exhibited the highest grain (4.5 t/ha ) and straw yields (6.4 t/ha ), while 60 % RDN+ GSGN + 100% RDP + 100% RDK showed at par of these values. Adoption of SSNM based on Nutrient expert resulted in maximum N, P and K uptake. Different tillage and nutrient management regimes did not affect the soil properties significantly. Thus, zero tillage and residue management with SSNM based on Nutrient expert is a viable management practice for improving productivity under DSR in EIGP of India.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.3
S Nasrin, SD Deka, P Sharma, T Medhi, K Das, P Dutta
In order to minimize the effect of lower productivity issues in terms of organic rice cultivation particularly for the small and marginal farmers of the state of Assam, the present research was undertaken with an objective of improving early seedling growth characteristics in organic rice cultivation using user friendly bio-formulations in the form of seed treatment. Locally prepared five organic bio-formulations particularly Organic-Metajal, Organic-Trichojal, Organic-Beauverijal, Azospirillum spp. and BIO Phos liquid PSB formulation were used as seed treatment on a high yielding aromatic rice variety "Keteki Joha" in order to evaluate the early seedling growth characters in addition to estimating the enzymatic activity by alpha amylase and lipid peroxidation under laboratory conditions. Among all the bio-agents, Org-Trichojal(T3) was found to be most effective in terms of achieving highest percentage of early vigour and seedling growth. Seed treatment with Org-Metajal (T2) and Org-Trichojal (T3)showed higher activity of alpha-amylase and lowest activity for peroxidise which had also reflected the better performance in germination and vigour indicators. While on the other hand, bio-formulations including Org-Metajal (T2).Organic-Beauverijal, Azospirillum spp. and BIO Phos were also found to be effective in improving growth as compared to the control.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of pre-sowing seed treatments using bio-agents in transplanted aromatic rice under organic conditions","authors":"S Nasrin, SD Deka, P Sharma, T Medhi, K Das, P Dutta","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"In order to minimize the effect of lower productivity issues in terms of organic rice cultivation particularly for the small and marginal farmers of the state of Assam, the present research was undertaken with an objective of improving early seedling growth characteristics in organic rice cultivation using user friendly bio-formulations in the form of seed treatment. Locally prepared five organic bio-formulations particularly Organic-Metajal, Organic-Trichojal, Organic-Beauverijal, Azospirillum spp. and BIO Phos liquid PSB formulation were used as seed treatment on a high yielding aromatic rice variety \"Keteki Joha\" in order to evaluate the early seedling growth characters in addition to estimating the enzymatic activity by alpha amylase and lipid peroxidation under laboratory conditions. Among all the bio-agents, Org-Trichojal(T3) was found to be most effective in terms of achieving highest percentage of early vigour and seedling growth. Seed treatment with Org-Metajal (T2) and Org-Trichojal (T3)showed higher activity of alpha-amylase and lowest activity for peroxidise which had also reflected the better performance in germination and vigour indicators. While on the other hand, bio-formulations including Org-Metajal (T2).Organic-Beauverijal, Azospirillum spp. and BIO Phos were also found to be effective in improving growth as compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":19555,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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