Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a key enzyme involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis pathway in plants. To explore its function on the regulatory mechanism of JA synthesis, we screened and identified two AOS genes HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 in qingke. Both HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 contained conserved heme-binding motif, which is most closely related to AtsAOS2, indicating controlled dehydration of fatty acid hydroperoxides to allene oxides. Molecular docking simulations identified the key amino acid sites that were important for heme binding and interaction with 13(S)-HPOT, respectively. The expression pattern also indicated that HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 were highly induced by JA, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid. Subcellular localization of HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 using transient expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens showed the green fluorescent protein signal in the cell cytoplasm of the N. benthamiana leaves. Overexpression of HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 in Arabidopsis aos mutant restored male fertility and plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea, indicating that HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 can restore the functions of AOS in Arabidopsis aos mutant.
氧化烯合成酶（AOS）是参与植物茉莉酸（JA）合成途径的关键酶。为了探索其在 JA 合成调控机制中的功能，我们筛选并鉴定了青柯中的两个 AOS 基因 HvnAOS1 和 HvnAOS2。HvnAOS1和HvnAOS2都含有保守的血红素结合基团，与AtsAOS2的关系最为密切，表明脂肪酸氢过氧化物脱水为烯氧化物是受控的。分子对接模拟确定了分别对血红素结合和与 13(S)-HPOT 相互作用起重要作用的关键氨基酸位点。表达模式也表明，HvnAOS1 和 HvnAOS2 受 JA、脱落酸和水杨酸的诱导程度较高。通过农杆菌的瞬时表达对 HvnAOS1 和 HvnAOS2 进行亚细胞定位，发现绿色荧光蛋白信号在 N. benthamiana 叶片的细胞胞质中。在拟南芥aos突变体中过表达HvnAOS1和HvnAOS2可恢复雄性繁殖力和植株对灰霉病的抗性，表明HvnAOS1和HvnAOS2可恢复拟南芥aos突变体中AOS的功能。
{"title":"Bioinformatics, expression analysis, and functional verification of allene oxide synthase gene HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 in qingke","authors":"Likun An, Ziao Wang, Yongmei Cui, Youhua Yao, Yixiong Bai, Yuehai Liu, Xin Li, Xiaohua Yao, Kunlun Wu","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0855","url":null,"abstract":"Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a key enzyme involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis pathway in plants. To explore its function on the regulatory mechanism of JA synthesis, we screened and identified two <jats:italic>AOS</jats:italic> genes <jats:italic>HvnAOS1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HvnAOS2</jats:italic> in qingke. Both HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 contained conserved heme-binding motif, which is most closely related to AtsAOS2, indicating controlled dehydration of fatty acid hydroperoxides to allene oxides. Molecular docking simulations identified the key amino acid sites that were important for heme binding and interaction with 13(<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>)-HPOT, respectively. The expression pattern also indicated that <jats:italic>HvnAOS1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HvnAOS2</jats:italic> were highly induced by JA, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid. Subcellular localization of <jats:italic>HvnAOS1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HvnAOS2</jats:italic> using transient expression of <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</jats:italic> showed the green fluorescent protein signal in the cell cytoplasm of the <jats:italic>N</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>benthamiana</jats:italic> leaves. Overexpression of <jats:italic>HvnAOS1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HvnAOS2</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis aos</jats:italic> mutant restored male fertility and plant resistance to <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea</jats:italic>, indicating that <jats:italic>HvnAOS1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HvnAOS2</jats:italic> can restore the functions of <jats:italic>AOS</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis aos</jats:italic> mutant.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140804876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The taste and tenderness of meat are the main determinants of carcass quality in many countries. This study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of intramuscular fat deposition in grazing and house-breeding cattle. We performed transcriptome analysis to characterize messenger RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. A total of 456 and 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the adipose tissue of grazing and house-breeding cattle. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified the association of DEGs with fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and the association of DE miRNAs with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 genes may be the key regulators of fat metabolism in grazing cattle. Finally, we found that miR-211 and miR-331-5p were negatively correlated with the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), and miR-331-5p might be the new regulator involved in fat metabolism. The results indicated that ELOVL6 participated in various functions and pathways related to fat metabolism. Meanwhile, miR-331-5p, as a new regulator, might play an essential role in this process. Our findings laid a more in-depth and systematic research foundation for the formation mechanism and characteristics of adipose tissue in grazing cattle.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue in grazing cattle: Identifying key regulators of fat metabolism","authors":"Xia Qin, Xige He, Lu Chen, Yunfei Han, Yueying Yun, Jindi Wu, Lina Sha, Gerelt Borjigin","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0843","url":null,"abstract":"The taste and tenderness of meat are the main determinants of carcass quality in many countries. This study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of intramuscular fat deposition in grazing and house-breeding cattle. We performed transcriptome analysis to characterize messenger RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. A total of 456 and 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the adipose tissue of grazing and house-breeding cattle. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified the association of DEGs with fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and the association of DE miRNAs with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 genes may be the key regulators of fat metabolism in grazing cattle. Finally, we found that miR-211 and miR-331-5p were negatively correlated with the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 <jats:italic>(ELOVL6</jats:italic>), and miR-331-5p might be the new regulator involved in fat metabolism. The results indicated that <jats:italic>ELOVL6</jats:italic> participated in various functions and pathways related to fat metabolism. Meanwhile, miR-331-5p, as a new regulator, might play an essential role in this process. Our findings laid a more in-depth and systematic research foundation for the formation mechanism and characteristics of adipose tissue in grazing cattle.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate spontaneous hypothermia among emergency trauma patients and develop a predictive model. A cohort of 162 emergency trauma patients was categorized into hypothermic (n = 61) and control (n = 101) groups, with trauma severity assessed using the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in trauma severity, posture, garment wetness, warming measures, pre-hospital fluid resuscitation, and modified GCS scores (P < 0.05). The hypothermic group exhibited lower prothrombin time compared to the control group (P < 0.05). A logistic regression model was constructed, expressed as Y = 25.76 − 1.030X1 + 0.725X2 + 0.922X3 − 0.750X4 − 0.57X6, and its fit was evaluated using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.871, with 81.2% sensitivity and 79.5% specificity. The Youden index identified the optimal predictive cut-off at its highest (0.58). Validation results included 86.21% sensitivity, 82.93% specificity, and 84.29% accuracy. Risk factors for spontaneous hypothermia after emergency trauma encompassed trauma severity, posture during consultation, clothing dampness upon admission, warming measures during transfer, pre-hospital fluid resuscitation, and modified GCS scores. The risk prediction model demonstrated high accuracy, enabling effective assessment of spontaneous hypothermia risk in emergency trauma patients and facilitating preventive measures.
{"title":"Factors influencing spontaneous hypothermia after emergency trauma and the construction of a predictive model","authors":"Xia Feng, Fangxiang Zhu, Anhua Qiao, Wenfang Li, Ying Jiang, Zengtao Han, Lan Dong","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0862","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate spontaneous hypothermia among emergency trauma patients and develop a predictive model. A cohort of 162 emergency trauma patients was categorized into hypothermic (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 61) and control (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 101) groups, with trauma severity assessed using the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in trauma severity, posture, garment wetness, warming measures, pre-hospital fluid resuscitation, and modified GCS scores (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.05). The hypothermic group exhibited lower prothrombin time compared to the control group (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.05). A logistic regression model was constructed, expressed as <jats:italic>Y</jats:italic> = 25.76 − 1.030<jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> + 0.725<jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> + 0.922<jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> − 0.750<jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> − 0.57<jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>6</jats:sub>, and its fit was evaluated using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.871, with 81.2% sensitivity and 79.5% specificity. The Youden index identified the optimal predictive cut-off at its highest (0.58). Validation results included 86.21% sensitivity, 82.93% specificity, and 84.29% accuracy. Risk factors for spontaneous hypothermia after emergency trauma encompassed trauma severity, posture during consultation, clothing dampness upon admission, warming measures during transfer, pre-hospital fluid resuscitation, and modified GCS scores. The risk prediction model demonstrated high accuracy, enabling effective assessment of spontaneous hypothermia risk in emergency trauma patients and facilitating preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muzhapaer Abudukeremu, Aisikaer Ayoufu, Adila Tuerhong, Xuelaiti Paizula, Jiang-Hua Ou
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, and the form of tamoxifen metabolisation in premenopausal patients with breast cancer in the Han and Uygur ethnic groups of Xinjiang to guide rational clinical drug use. A total of 125 Han patients and 121 Uygur patients with premenopausal hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer treated at the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital between 1 June 2011 and 1 December 2013 were selected. The common mutation sites in CYP450 were analysed using TaqMan® minor groove binder technology. Genetic testing was performed to determine other metabolic types of tamoxifen, and the genotypes and metabolic types were compared using a Chi-squared test. Between the Han and Uygur groups, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the CYP2D6 (*10/*10) and CYP2C19 (*1/*1) genotypes, with P-values of 0.002 and 0.015, respectively. Genotypes of CYP2D6 (*1/*1), CYP2D6 (*1/*5), CYP2D6 (*5/*5), CYP2D6 (*5/*10) and CYP2C19 (*3/*3) were expressed in the two patient groups, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the Han patients, the proportions of extensive, intermediate and poor metabolisers of tamoxifen were 72, 24 and 4%, respectively, whereas those in the Uygur patients were 76.9, 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). In conclusion, There were partial differences in the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms of CYP450 between the Han and Uygur patients with premenopausal breast cancer, but there was no significant difference between the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between the enzyme genetic differences of CYP450 and the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of tamoxifen. Although there were some differences in genotypes, these did not result in differences in the predicted tamoxifen metabolisation phenotype between the Han and Uygur patients with breast cancer. Therefore, the doses should be adjusted according to the individual genotype data.
{"title":"Distribution of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in Han and Uygur populations with breast cancer in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Muzhapaer Abudukeremu, Aisikaer Ayoufu, Adila Tuerhong, Xuelaiti Paizula, Jiang-Hua Ou","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0728","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of the cytochrome P450 (<jats:italic>CYP450</jats:italic>) enzymes, <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP2C19</jats:italic>, and the form of tamoxifen metab<jats:underline>olisat</jats:underline>ion in premenopausal patients with breast cancer in the Han and Uygur ethnic groups of Xinjiang to guide rational clinical drug use. A total of 125 Han patients and 121 Uygur patients with premenopausal hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer treated at the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital between 1 June 2011 and 1 December 2013 were selected. The common mutation sites in <jats:italic>CYP450</jats:italic> were analysed using TaqMan® minor groove binder technology. Genetic testing was performed to determine other metabolic types of tamoxifen, and the genotypes and metabolic types were compared using a Chi-squared test. Between the Han and Uygur groups, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> (*10/*10) and <jats:italic>CYP2C19</jats:italic> (*1/*1) genotypes, with <jats:italic>P-</jats:italic>values of 0.002 and 0.015, respectively. Genotypes of <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> (*1/*1), <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> (*1/*5), <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> (*5/*5), <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> (*5/*10) and <jats:italic>CYP2C19</jats:italic> (*3/*3) were expressed in the two patient groups, and the difference was not statistically significant (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> > 0.05). In the Han patients, the proportions of extensive, intermediate and poor metabolisers of tamoxifen were 72, 24 and 4%, respectively, whereas those in the Uygur patients were 76.9, 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively, with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> > 0.05). In conclusion, There were partial differences in the <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP2C19</jats:italic> gene polymorphisms of <jats:italic>CYP450</jats:italic> between the Han and Uygur patients with premenopausal breast cancer, but there was no significant difference between the <jats:italic>CYP2D6</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP2C19</jats:italic> phenotypes. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between the enzyme genetic differences of <jats:italic>CYP450</jats:italic> and the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of tamoxifen. Although there were some differences in genotypes, these did not result in differences in the predicted tamoxifen metabolisation phenotype between the Han and Uygur patients with breast cancer. Therefore, the doses should be adjusted according to the individual genotype data.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucie Hejnova, Anna Hronova, Zdenka Drastichova, Jiri Novotny
We investigated the changes in redox state and protein expression in selected parts of the rat brain induced by a 4 week administration of morphine (10 mg/kg/day). We found a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation that mostly persisted for 1 week after morphine withdrawal. Morphine treatment led to a significant increase in complex II in the cerebral cortex (Crt), which was accompanied by increased protein carbonylation, in contrast to the other brain regions studied. Glutathione levels were altered differently in the different brain regions after morphine treatment. Using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, we found some specific changes in protein expression profiles in the Crt, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum on the day after morphine withdrawal and 1 week later. A common feature was the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix. Our results indicate that the tested protocol of morphine administration has no significant toxic effect on the rat brain. On the contrary, it led to a decrease in lipid peroxidation and activation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term treatment with morphine acts specifically on different brain regions and that a 1 week drug withdrawal is not sufficient to normalize cellular redox state and protein levels.
我们研究了吗啡（10 毫克/千克/天）给药 4 周后大鼠大脑特定部位氧化还原状态和蛋白质表达的变化。我们发现脂质过氧化明显减少，这种情况在停用吗啡后的一周内基本持续。吗啡治疗导致大脑皮层（Crt）中的复合体 II 显著增加，同时伴随着蛋白质羰基化的增加，这与研究的其他脑区形成了鲜明对比。吗啡治疗后，不同脑区的谷胱甘肽水平发生了不同的变化。通过无标记定量蛋白质组分析，我们发现吗啡戒断后第二天和一周后，Crt、海马、纹状体和小脑的蛋白质表达谱发生了一些特定的变化。一个共同的特征是抗凋亡蛋白的上调和细胞外基质的失调。我们的研究结果表明，测试的吗啡给药方案对大鼠大脑没有明显的毒性作用。相反，它导致了脂质过氧化的减少和抗凋亡蛋白的激活。此外，我们的数据还表明，长期服用吗啡会对不同脑区产生特异性作用，而停药一周不足以使细胞氧化还原状态和蛋白质水平恢复正常。
{"title":"Long-term administration of morphine specifically alters the level of protein expression in different brain regions and affects the redox state","authors":"Lucie Hejnova, Anna Hronova, Zdenka Drastichova, Jiri Novotny","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0858","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the changes in redox state and protein expression in selected parts of the rat brain induced by a 4 week administration of morphine (10 mg/kg/day). We found a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation that mostly persisted for 1 week after morphine withdrawal. Morphine treatment led to a significant increase in complex II in the cerebral cortex (Crt), which was accompanied by increased protein carbonylation, in contrast to the other brain regions studied. Glutathione levels were altered differently in the different brain regions after morphine treatment. Using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, we found some specific changes in protein expression profiles in the Crt, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum on the day after morphine withdrawal and 1 week later. A common feature was the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix. Our results indicate that the tested protocol of morphine administration has no significant toxic effect on the rat brain. On the contrary, it led to a decrease in lipid peroxidation and activation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term treatment with morphine acts specifically on different brain regions and that a 1 week drug withdrawal is not sufficient to normalize cellular redox state and protein levels.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, often leading to neuronal damage and death. Alleviating neuroinflammation has thus emerged as a promising strategy to protect neurons and ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists have demonstrated potential therapeutic actions on neuroinflammation, their prolonged use, such as with rosiglitazone, can lead to cardiac risks and lipid differentiation disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of a newly synthesized PPARγ agonist, VSP-2, on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Treatment with VSP-2 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, VSP-2 attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (65 kD) and IκBα, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (65 kD). Additionally, the use of PPARγ small interfering RNA was able to attenuate the effects of VSP-2 on proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VSP-2 effectively suppressed the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Given its potential therapeutic benefits, VSP-2 may emerge as a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or brain injuries associated with neuroinflammation.
{"title":"VSP-2 attenuates secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in BV2 cells by mediating the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway","authors":"Jingxin Cui, Liwei Xu, Yimeng Sun, Lingfei Dai, Yuxiu Mo, Keli Yun, Yifei Chen, Linglin Chen","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0861","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, often leading to neuronal damage and death. Alleviating neuroinflammation has thus emerged as a promising strategy to protect neurons and ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists have demonstrated potential therapeutic actions on neuroinflammation, their prolonged use, such as with rosiglitazone, can lead to cardiac risks and lipid differentiation disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of a newly synthesized PPARγ agonist, VSP-2, on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Treatment with VSP-2 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, VSP-2 attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (65 kD) and IκBα, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (65 kD). Additionally, the use of PPARγ small interfering RNA was able to attenuate the effects of VSP-2 on proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VSP-2 effectively suppressed the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Given its potential therapeutic benefits, VSP-2 may emerge as a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or brain injuries associated with neuroinflammation.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet, herbal remedies, and their phytochemicals on various gastrointestinal conditions and reviews the global use of medicinal plants for common digestive problems. The review highlights key plants and their mechanisms of action and summarizes the latest findings on how plant-based products influence the digestive system and how they work. We searched various sources of literature and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus. Our focus was on gathering relevant papers published between 2013 and August 2023. Certain plants exhibit potential in preventing or treating digestive diseases and cancers. Notable examples include Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Cynodon dactylon, and Vaccinium myrtillus. The phytochemical analysis of the plants showed that compounds such as quercetin, anthocyanins, curcumin, phenolics, isoflavones glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins constitute the main active substances within these plants. These natural remedies have the potential to enhance the digestive system and alleviate pain and discomfort in patients. However, further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and safety of herbal medicines to use their active ingredients for the development of natural and effective drugs.
本研究探讨了地中海饮食、草药疗法及其植物化学物质对各种肠胃疾病的影响，并回顾了全球使用药用植物治疗常见消化问题的情况。综述重点介绍了主要植物及其作用机制，并总结了有关植物产品如何影响消化系统及其作用机制的最新研究成果。我们搜索了各种文献来源和数据库，包括 Google Scholar、PubMed、Science Direct 和 MedlinePlus。我们的重点是收集 2013 年至 2023 年 8 月间发表的相关论文。某些植物具有预防或治疗消化系统疾病和癌症的潜力。值得注意的例子包括莪术、细辛、芦荟、金盏花、薰衣草、百里香、迷迭香、银杏叶、仙人掌和越橘。植物化学分析显示，槲皮素、花青素、姜黄素、酚类、异黄酮苷、黄酮类和皂苷等化合物是这些植物的主要活性物质。这些天然疗法具有增强消化系统、减轻患者疼痛和不适的潜力。然而，要全面评估草药的益处和安全性，利用其活性成分开发天然有效的药物，进一步的研究势在必行。
{"title":"Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds","authors":"Abdalsalam Kmail","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0857","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet, herbal remedies, and their phytochemicals on various gastrointestinal conditions and reviews the global use of medicinal plants for common digestive problems. The review highlights key plants and their mechanisms of action and summarizes the latest findings on how plant-based products influence the digestive system and how they work. We searched various sources of literature and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus. Our focus was on gathering relevant papers published between 2013 and August 2023. Certain plants exhibit potential in preventing or treating digestive diseases and cancers. Notable examples include <jats:italic>Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Cynodon dactylon</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Vaccinium myrtillus</jats:italic>. The phytochemical analysis of the plants showed that compounds such as quercetin, anthocyanins, curcumin, phenolics, isoflavones glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins constitute the main active substances within these plants. These natural remedies have the potential to enhance the digestive system and alleviate pain and discomfort in patients. However, further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and safety of herbal medicines to use their active ingredients for the development of natural and effective drugs.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Huang, Zhuorun Song, Jiayi Wang, Mengxuan Bian, Jiapeng Zou, Yanpei Zou, Jun Ge, Shunyi Lu
Large segmental bone defects are commonly operated with autologous bone grafting, which has limited bone sources and poses additional surgical risks. In this study, we fabricated poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite membranes by electrostatic spinning and further promoted osteogenesis by regulating the release of β-TCP in the hope of replacing autologous bone grafts in the clinical practice. The addition of β-TCP improved the mechanical strength of PLGA by 2.55 times. Moreover, β-TCP could accelerate the degradation of PLGA and neutralize the negative effects of acidification of the microenvironment caused by PLGA degradation. In vitro experiments revealed that PLGA/TCP10 membranes are biocompatible and the released β-TCP can modulate the activity of osteoblasts by enhancing the calcium ions concentration in the damaged area and regulating the pH of the local microenvironment. Simultaneously, an increase in β-TCP can moderate the lactate content of the local microenvironment, synergistically enhancing osteogenesis by promoting the tube-forming effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, it is potential to utilize PLGA/TCP bioactive membranes to modulate the microenvironment at the site of bone defects to promote bone regeneration.
{"title":"Absorbable calcium and phosphorus bioactive membranes promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation for bone regeneration","authors":"Lei Huang, Zhuorun Song, Jiayi Wang, Mengxuan Bian, Jiapeng Zou, Yanpei Zou, Jun Ge, Shunyi Lu","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0854","url":null,"abstract":"Large segmental bone defects are commonly operated with autologous bone grafting, which has limited bone sources and poses additional surgical risks. In this study, we fabricated poly(lactide-<jats:italic>co</jats:italic>-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite membranes by electrostatic spinning and further promoted osteogenesis by regulating the release of β-TCP in the hope of replacing autologous bone grafts in the clinical practice. The addition of β-TCP improved the mechanical strength of PLGA by 2.55 times. Moreover, β-TCP could accelerate the degradation of PLGA and neutralize the negative effects of acidification of the microenvironment caused by PLGA degradation. <jats:italic>In vitro</jats:italic> experiments revealed that PLGA/TCP10 membranes are biocompatible and the released β-TCP can modulate the activity of osteoblasts by enhancing the calcium ions concentration in the damaged area and regulating the pH of the local microenvironment. Simultaneously, an increase in β-TCP can moderate the lactate content of the local microenvironment, synergistically enhancing osteogenesis by promoting the tube-forming effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, it is potential to utilize PLGA/TCP bioactive membranes to modulate the microenvironment at the site of bone defects to promote bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique features that might lead to the development of a new class of diabetic medicines. AuNPs were biosynthesized utilizing sodium-alginate. UV-Vis-spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the particles. The potential of AuNPs for improving the diabetes condition was examined along with swimming in rats. FESEM image revealed the spherical morphology with an average particle size of 106.6 ± 20.8 nm. In the diabetic group, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher than the control group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher in the D group. However, in the groups treated with swimming and gold, these parameters were significantly improved. Specifically, serum-glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, and TG levels were significantly reduced, while LDL was significantly decreased in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group and HDL was significantly increased in the diabetic + AuNPs group. MDA levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups, and other antioxidants were significantly improved in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group. Catalase levels were also significantly improved in the D + gold group. It can be concluded that both AuNPs and swimming can decrease diabetic complications.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles using alginate: In vitro and in vivo assessment of its administration effects with swimming exercise on diabetic rats","authors":"Vahideh Hashemzadeh, Alireza Hashemzadeh, Reza Mohebbati, Reza Gharari Arefi, Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0869","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique features that might lead to the development of a new class of diabetic medicines. AuNPs were biosynthesized utilizing sodium-alginate. UV-Vis-spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the particles. The potential of AuNPs for improving the diabetes condition was examined along with swimming in rats. FESEM image revealed the spherical morphology with an average particle size of 106.6 ± 20.8 nm. In the diabetic group, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher than the control group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher in the D group. However, in the groups treated with swimming and gold, these parameters were significantly improved. Specifically, serum-glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, and TG levels were significantly reduced, while LDL was significantly decreased in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group and HDL was significantly increased in the diabetic + AuNPs group. MDA levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups, and other antioxidants were significantly improved in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group. Catalase levels were also significantly improved in the D + gold group. It can be concluded that both AuNPs and swimming can decrease diabetic complications.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangang Fu, Mengqi Li, Shuye Yang, Gangqiang Du, Yingjiang Xu, Jianhao Jiang, Long Jia, Kai Zhang, Peng Li
Bone regeneration and mineralization can be achieved by means of distraction osteogenesis (DO). In the present study, we investigated the effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the new bone formation during DO in rats. Forty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into four groups of 12 rats each. We established the left femoral DO model in rats and performed a mid-femoral osteotomy, which was fixed with an external fixator. DO was performed at 0.25 mm/12 h after an incubation period of 5 days. Distraction was continued for 10 days, resulting in a total of 5 mm of lengthening. After distraction, the solution was locally injected into the osteotomy site, once a day 1 ml for 1 week. One group received the solvent alone and served as the control, and the other three groups were treated with SDF-1, VEGF, and SDF-1with VEGF in an aqueous. Sequential X-ray radiographs were taken two weekly. The regeneration was monitored with the use of micro-CT analysis, mechanical testing, and histology. Radiographs showed accelerated regenerate ossification in the SDF-1, VEGF, and SDF-1 with the VEGF group, with a larger amount of new bone compared with the control group, especially SDF-1 with the VEGF group. Micro-CT analysis and biomechanical tests showed Continuous injection of the SDF-1, VEGF, and SDF-1 with VEGF during the consolidation period significantly increased bone mineral density bone volume, mechanical maximum loading, and bone mineralization of the regenerate. Similarly, the expression of osteogenic-specific genes, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction , was significantly higher in SDF-1 with the VEGF group than in the other groups. Histological examination revealed more new trabeculae in the distraction gap and more mature bone tissue for the SDF-1 with the VEGF group. SDF-1 and VEGF promote bone regeneration and mineralization during DO, and there is a synergistic effect between the SDF-1 and VEGF. It is possible to provide a new and feasible method to shorten the period of treatment of DO.
{"title":"The effects of SDF-1 combined application with VEGF on femoral distraction osteogenesis in rats","authors":"Fangang Fu, Mengqi Li, Shuye Yang, Gangqiang Du, Yingjiang Xu, Jianhao Jiang, Long Jia, Kai Zhang, Peng Li","doi":"10.1515/biol-2022-0851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0851","url":null,"abstract":"Bone regeneration and mineralization can be achieved by means of distraction osteogenesis (DO). In the present study, we investigated the effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the new bone formation during DO in rats. Forty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into four groups of 12 rats each. We established the left femoral DO model in rats and performed a mid-femoral osteotomy, which was fixed with an external fixator. DO was performed at 0.25 mm/12 h after an incubation period of 5 days. Distraction was continued for 10 days, resulting in a total of 5 mm of lengthening. After distraction, the solution was locally injected into the osteotomy site, once a day 1 ml for 1 week. One group received the solvent alone and served as the control, and the other three groups were treated with SDF-1, VEGF, and SDF-1with VEGF in an aqueous. Sequential X-ray radiographs were taken two weekly. The regeneration was monitored with the use of micro-CT analysis, mechanical testing, and histology. Radiographs showed accelerated regenerate ossification in the SDF-1, VEGF, and SDF-1 with the VEGF group, with a larger amount of new bone compared with the control group, especially SDF-1 with the VEGF group. Micro-CT analysis and biomechanical tests showed Continuous injection of the SDF-1, VEGF, and SDF-1 with VEGF during the consolidation period significantly increased bone mineral density bone volume, mechanical maximum loading, and bone mineralization of the regenerate. Similarly, the expression of osteogenic-specific genes, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction , was significantly higher in SDF-1 with the VEGF group than in the other groups. Histological examination revealed more new trabeculae in the distraction gap and more mature bone tissue for the SDF-1 with the VEGF group. SDF-1 and VEGF promote bone regeneration and mineralization during DO, and there is a synergistic effect between the SDF-1 and VEGF. It is possible to provide a new and feasible method to shorten the period of treatment of DO.","PeriodicalId":19605,"journal":{"name":"Open Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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