Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952468
K. Jeffay, T. Hudson, Mark Parris
Like interactive audio/video applications, distributed virtual environments (DVEs) require continuous, low-latency delivery of media. While end-system media adaptations and network-based forwarding services have been developed to support audio/video applications, it remains an open question whether these mechanisms can be either directly applied or adapted to realize the requirements of DVEs. We present the results of a study on the use of audio/video media adaptations and router-based active queue managements (AQM) to support the data-flows generated by the UNC nanoManipulator-a DVE interface to a scanned-probe microscope. We present a delay-jitter management scheme used to support a haptic force-feedback tracking/pointing device used in the nanoManipulator and an AQM scheme based on buffer allocation in routers to reduce packet loss. The results of early experiments are promising and provide evidence that a sophisticated virtual environment interface can operate over the Internet to control a remote microscope in real-time.
{"title":"Beyond audio and video: multimedia networking support for distributed, immersive virtual environments","authors":"K. Jeffay, T. Hudson, Mark Parris","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952468","url":null,"abstract":"Like interactive audio/video applications, distributed virtual environments (DVEs) require continuous, low-latency delivery of media. While end-system media adaptations and network-based forwarding services have been developed to support audio/video applications, it remains an open question whether these mechanisms can be either directly applied or adapted to realize the requirements of DVEs. We present the results of a study on the use of audio/video media adaptations and router-based active queue managements (AQM) to support the data-flows generated by the UNC nanoManipulator-a DVE interface to a scanned-probe microscope. We present a delay-jitter management scheme used to support a haptic force-feedback tracking/pointing device used in the nanoManipulator and an AQM scheme based on buffer allocation in routers to reduce packet loss. The results of early experiments are promising and provide evidence that a sophisticated virtual environment interface can operate over the Internet to control a remote microscope in real-time.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134569065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952483
M. Göbel, I. Nikitin, S. Klimenko, L. Nikitina
Differential geometry and topology are the areas of higher mathematics, which particularly require visual representation of studying objects for better understanding of the material. On the other hand, the complex structure of such objects makes their visualization a challenge for modern graphical systems. In this paper we describe some methods useful for adequate representation of topologically non-trivial objects in virtual environment systems, particularly the acceleration of standard mechanisms for rendering of transparent surfaces, applicable for complex cases of self-intersecting time-dependent surfaces, not necessarily admitting continuous fields of normal vectors. We also use a simple technique of image-based rendering, which places stereo-photographs of real environments as static background for 3D virtual scenes. The methods are implemented in educational application, which demonstrates the main properties of elementary topological objects (Moebius band, Klein bottle, projective plane etc.) and gives a possibility to explore interactively the complex constructions, arising in higher mathematics.
{"title":"Topological Zoo. Mathematical visualization in virtual environment","authors":"M. Göbel, I. Nikitin, S. Klimenko, L. Nikitina","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952483","url":null,"abstract":"Differential geometry and topology are the areas of higher mathematics, which particularly require visual representation of studying objects for better understanding of the material. On the other hand, the complex structure of such objects makes their visualization a challenge for modern graphical systems. In this paper we describe some methods useful for adequate representation of topologically non-trivial objects in virtual environment systems, particularly the acceleration of standard mechanisms for rendering of transparent surfaces, applicable for complex cases of self-intersecting time-dependent surfaces, not necessarily admitting continuous fields of normal vectors. We also use a simple technique of image-based rendering, which places stereo-photographs of real environments as static background for 3D virtual scenes. The methods are implemented in educational application, which demonstrates the main properties of elementary topological objects (Moebius band, Klein bottle, projective plane etc.) and gives a possibility to explore interactively the complex constructions, arising in higher mathematics.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"942 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116432716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952456
O. Dobán, A. Pataricza
The need for more and more dependable systems has been increased in the last decades. Strategic decisions during the design of these dependable systems require the joint control of the estimated cost and the product quality. Cost efficiency and development time became the most important factors of the software development process according to the international trends. The estimation of the cost remains a difficult problem till yet, despite of the use of standard, easy to understand modelling languages. On the other hand no working environment is known supporting the gradually refined cost estimation derived automatically from the formal product models. In this paper the experiments of a pseudo cost estimation are detailed with a special emphasis on the cost estimation driven system design.
{"title":"Cost estimation driven software development process","authors":"O. Dobán, A. Pataricza","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952456","url":null,"abstract":"The need for more and more dependable systems has been increased in the last decades. Strategic decisions during the design of these dependable systems require the joint control of the estimated cost and the product quality. Cost efficiency and development time became the most important factors of the software development process according to the international trends. The estimation of the cost remains a difficult problem till yet, despite of the use of standard, easy to understand modelling languages. On the other hand no working environment is known supporting the gradually refined cost estimation derived automatically from the formal product models. In this paper the experiments of a pseudo cost estimation are detailed with a special emphasis on the cost estimation driven system design.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114670233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952471
K. Skevik, T. Plagemann, V. Goebel, P. Halvorsen
Internet services like the world-wide web and multimedia applications like news- and video-on-demand have become very popular over the last years. Since a high and rapidly increasing number of users retrieve multimedia data with high data rates, the data servers can represent a severe bottleneck. Traditional time and resource consuming operations, like memory copy operations, limit the number of concurrent streams that can be transmitted from the server, because of two reasons: (1) memory space is wasted holding identical data copies in different address spaces; and (2) a lot of CPU resources are used on copy operations. To avoid this bottleneck and make memory and CPU resources available for other tasks, i.e. more concurrent clients, we have implemented a zero-copy data path through the communication protocols to support high-speed network communication, based on UVM. In this paper, we describe the implementation and evaluation of the zero-copy protocol mechanism, and we show the potential for substantial performance improvement when moving data through the communication system without any copy operations.
{"title":"Evaluation of a zero-copy protocol implementation","authors":"K. Skevik, T. Plagemann, V. Goebel, P. Halvorsen","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952471","url":null,"abstract":"Internet services like the world-wide web and multimedia applications like news- and video-on-demand have become very popular over the last years. Since a high and rapidly increasing number of users retrieve multimedia data with high data rates, the data servers can represent a severe bottleneck. Traditional time and resource consuming operations, like memory copy operations, limit the number of concurrent streams that can be transmitted from the server, because of two reasons: (1) memory space is wasted holding identical data copies in different address spaces; and (2) a lot of CPU resources are used on copy operations. To avoid this bottleneck and make memory and CPU resources available for other tasks, i.e. more concurrent clients, we have implemented a zero-copy data path through the communication protocols to support high-speed network communication, based on UVM. In this paper, we describe the implementation and evaluation of the zero-copy protocol mechanism, and we show the potential for substantial performance improvement when moving data through the communication system without any copy operations.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"17 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120892345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952435
L. Iribarne, J. M. Troya, Antonio Vallecillo
Trading is a well-known mechanism for searching and locating services in object-oriented systems. However, current traders present some limitations when used in open component-based system environments. In this paper we analyze the required features that COTS components traders should have, and describe the design and implementation of COTStrader; an Internet-based trader for COTS components that handles the heterogeneity, scalability and evolution of COTS traders.
{"title":"Trading for COTS components in open environments","authors":"L. Iribarne, J. M. Troya, Antonio Vallecillo","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952435","url":null,"abstract":"Trading is a well-known mechanism for searching and locating services in object-oriented systems. However, current traders present some limitations when used in open component-based system environments. In this paper we analyze the required features that COTS components traders should have, and describe the design and implementation of COTStrader; an Internet-based trader for COTS components that handles the heterogeneity, scalability and evolution of COTS traders.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121279419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952487
F. Sandnes
Trends in user interface design have converged onto a set of popular paradigms and technologies. Within this setting there is much room for variation and individualism. The goal is generic interface methodologies that are user device and platform independent. In this paper a strategy is proposed where design decisions are made at run-time. Instead of developers making the decisions the user influences the "design" in a natural manner that does not require special technical insight or skill. A user interface requirements specification is passed from the application to a site-specific interface client responsible for designing, realising and presenting the interface to the user. Design decisions regarding layout, choice of components and paradigm is determined from a combination of explicit and implicit user influences combined by an evolutionary search strategy. User access patterns are monitored and used to evolve site-specific user interfaces. In addition, patterns evolved by different users on a network of computers are exchanged and exploited in the ongoing evolution.
{"title":"Self-designing user interfaces","authors":"F. Sandnes","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952487","url":null,"abstract":"Trends in user interface design have converged onto a set of popular paradigms and technologies. Within this setting there is much room for variation and individualism. The goal is generic interface methodologies that are user device and platform independent. In this paper a strategy is proposed where design decisions are made at run-time. Instead of developers making the decisions the user influences the \"design\" in a natural manner that does not require special technical insight or skill. A user interface requirements specification is passed from the application to a site-specific interface client responsible for designing, realising and presenting the interface to the user. Design decisions regarding layout, choice of components and paradigm is determined from a combination of explicit and implicit user influences combined by an evolutionary search strategy. User access patterns are monitored and used to evolve site-specific user interfaces. In addition, patterns evolved by different users on a network of computers are exchanged and exploited in the ongoing evolution.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952461
M. Halling, S. Biffl, T. Grechenig, M. Köhle
Software inspection is a quality assurance method to detect defects early during the software development process. For inspection planning there are defect detection techniques, so-called reading techniques, which let the inspection planner focus the effectiveness of individual inspectors on specific sets of defects. For realistic planning it is important to use empirically evaluated defect detection techniques. We report on the replication of a large-scale experiment in an academic environment. The experiment evaluated the effectiveness of defect detection for inspectors who use a checklist or focused scenarios on individual and team level. A main finding of the experiments is that the teams were effective to find defects: In both experiments the inspection teams found on average more than 70% of the defects in the product. The checklist consistently was overall somewhat more effective on individual level, while the scenarios traded overall defect detection effectiveness for much better effectiveness regarding their target focus, in our case specific parts of the documents. Another main result of the study is that scenario-based reading techniques can be used in inspection planning to focus individual performance without significant loss of effectiveness on team level.
{"title":"Using reading techniques to focus inspection performance","authors":"M. Halling, S. Biffl, T. Grechenig, M. Köhle","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952461","url":null,"abstract":"Software inspection is a quality assurance method to detect defects early during the software development process. For inspection planning there are defect detection techniques, so-called reading techniques, which let the inspection planner focus the effectiveness of individual inspectors on specific sets of defects. For realistic planning it is important to use empirically evaluated defect detection techniques. We report on the replication of a large-scale experiment in an academic environment. The experiment evaluated the effectiveness of defect detection for inspectors who use a checklist or focused scenarios on individual and team level. A main finding of the experiments is that the teams were effective to find defects: In both experiments the inspection teams found on average more than 70% of the defects in the product. The checklist consistently was overall somewhat more effective on individual level, while the scenarios traded overall defect detection effectiveness for much better effectiveness regarding their target focus, in our case specific parts of the documents. Another main result of the study is that scenario-based reading techniques can be used in inspection planning to focus individual performance without significant loss of effectiveness on team level.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125644954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952442
T. Ihme
Product line software engineering should include an up-front and ongoing investment in a reusable architecture. Identification, selection, documentation and validation of general architectural patterns and their product line, organisation or domain specific variants allow designers to adopt approved patterns as a starting point. This paper discusses how to apply design patterns to the problems of product lines, including various and evolutionary design techniques of embedded software. The patterns are a precondition for the development of frameworks for designing and reusing architectures of the sub-domains that promise the highest benefits. The classification of core architectural assets helps to achieve a balance between discipline product line architecture and creativity forced by future needs that are not fully predictable.
{"title":"An architecture line structure for command and control software","authors":"T. Ihme","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952442","url":null,"abstract":"Product line software engineering should include an up-front and ongoing investment in a reusable architecture. Identification, selection, documentation and validation of general architectural patterns and their product line, organisation or domain specific variants allow designers to adopt approved patterns as a starting point. This paper discusses how to apply design patterns to the problems of product lines, including various and evolutionary design techniques of embedded software. The patterns are a precondition for the development of frameworks for designing and reusing architectures of the sub-domains that promise the highest benefits. The classification of core architectural assets helps to achieve a balance between discipline product line architecture and creativity forced by future needs that are not fully predictable.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952480
F. Sandnes
Systems employing multichannel audio are becoming increasingly common. Multichannel audio is used in domestic surround sound systems, multitrack audio recording and new applications are emerging. Digital multichannel audio systems often employ non-standard formats that complicate the exchange of audio data between different systems. Typical multi-track recording environments consist of a large number of channels. Each channel has its own acoustic configuration with respect to equalisation, levels and effects. Another characteristic of multitrack recording is that only a small subset of channels are non-silent at any one time. A family of lossless, compact and general multichannel audio formats are proposed that support a large number of audio channels and the embedding of non-audio information. Non-silent tracks are combined using Reed Solomon codes. The strategy can therefore be implemented efficiently using one of the many existing Reed Solomon encoder/decoder hardware designs, and several configurations are illustrated.
{"title":"Efficient large-scale multichannel audio coding","authors":"F. Sandnes","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952480","url":null,"abstract":"Systems employing multichannel audio are becoming increasingly common. Multichannel audio is used in domestic surround sound systems, multitrack audio recording and new applications are emerging. Digital multichannel audio systems often employ non-standard formats that complicate the exchange of audio data between different systems. Typical multi-track recording environments consist of a large number of channels. Each channel has its own acoustic configuration with respect to equalisation, levels and effects. Another characteristic of multitrack recording is that only a small subset of channels are non-silent at any one time. A family of lossless, compact and general multichannel audio formats are proposed that support a large number of audio channels and the embedding of non-audio information. Non-silent tracks are combined using Reed Solomon codes. The strategy can therefore be implemented efficiently using one of the many existing Reed Solomon encoder/decoder hardware designs, and several configurations are illustrated.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117235666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-04DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952455
G. Huszerl, I. Majzik
The paper presents techniques that enable the modeling and analysis of redundancy schemes in distributed object-oriented systems. The replication manager, as a core part of the redundancy scheme, is modeled by using UML statecharts. The flexibility of the statechart-based modeling, which includes event processing and state hierarchy, enables an easy and efficient modeling of replication strategies as well as repair and recovery policies. The statechart is transformed to a Petri-net based dependability model, which also incorporates the models of the replicated objects. By the analysis of the Petri-net model the designer can obtain reliability and availability measures that can be used in the early phases of the design to compare alternatives and find dependability bottlenecks. Our approach is illustrated by an example.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of redundancy management in distributed object-oriented systems by using UML statecharts","authors":"G. Huszerl, I. Majzik","doi":"10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EURMIC.2001.952455","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents techniques that enable the modeling and analysis of redundancy schemes in distributed object-oriented systems. The replication manager, as a core part of the redundancy scheme, is modeled by using UML statecharts. The flexibility of the statechart-based modeling, which includes event processing and state hierarchy, enables an easy and efficient modeling of replication strategies as well as repair and recovery policies. The statechart is transformed to a Petri-net based dependability model, which also incorporates the models of the replicated objects. By the analysis of the Petri-net model the designer can obtain reliability and availability measures that can be used in the early phases of the design to compare alternatives and find dependability bottlenecks. Our approach is illustrated by an example.","PeriodicalId":196541,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 27th EUROMICRO Conference. 2001: A Net Odyssey","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115809179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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