Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2258
Ade Oktasari
An experiment on Pb (II) metal ion adsorption using peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) shell without activation (KK), acid-activated (KKA), and base-activated (KKB) has been conducted. Peanut shell powder was activated using H3PO4 and KOH to improve adsorption effectivity and capacity. Characterization results using FT-IR spectrophotometer showed peak at 3410 and 2901 cm-1 indicated OH dan CH aliphatic from framework of cellulose. Optimum condition of Pb(II) adsorption for KK, KKA and KKB was occurred at the same optimum pH, that was pH 5, with contact time 60, 90 and 70 min, respectively. The adsorption kinetic parameter of Pb(II) ion for KK, KKA, and KKB followed pseudo second order kinetic with rate constants (k) in order of 12.279, 4.149, and 32.258 g mmol-1 min-1, with maximum adsorption capacity based on Langmuir isotherm model of 0.598, 0.505, and 0.622 mmol g-1, and adsorption energy of 26.735, 25.789, and 29.245 kJ mol-1, respectively. The results indicated that KOH-activated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) shell has good adsorption affinity for Pb(II) with highest adsorption capacity compare to those from non-activated and acid-activated.
采用无活化(KK)、酸活化(KKA)和碱活化(KKB)花生壳对Pb (II)金属离子进行了吸附实验。采用H3PO4和KOH对花生壳粉进行活化，提高了吸附效果和吸附容量。FT-IR分光光度计表征结果表明，纤维素骨架的OH dan CH为3410和2901 cm-1峰。KK、KKA和KKB对Pb(II)的最佳吸附条件为pH均为5，接触时间分别为60min、90min和70min。KK、KKA和KKB对Pb(II)离子的吸附动力学参数为准二级动力学，速率常数k分别为12.279、4.149和32.258 g mmol-1 min-1, Langmuir等温线模型的最大吸附量分别为0.598、0.505和0.622 mmol-1，吸附能分别为26.735、25.789和29.245 kJ mol-1。结果表明，koh活化花生(Arachis hypogea L.)壳对Pb(II)具有良好的吸附亲和力，吸附量高于未活化和酸活化的花生壳。
{"title":"Kulit Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) sebagai Adsorben Ion Pb(II)","authors":"Ade Oktasari","doi":"10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2258","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment on Pb (II) metal ion adsorption using peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) shell without activation (KK), acid-activated (KKA), and base-activated (KKB) has been conducted. Peanut shell powder was activated using H3PO4 and KOH to improve adsorption effectivity and capacity. Characterization results using FT-IR spectrophotometer showed peak at 3410 and 2901 cm-1 indicated OH dan CH aliphatic from framework of cellulose. Optimum condition of Pb(II) adsorption for KK, KKA and KKB was occurred at the same optimum pH, that was pH 5, with contact time 60, 90 and 70 min, respectively. The adsorption kinetic parameter of Pb(II) ion for KK, KKA, and KKB followed pseudo second order kinetic with rate constants (k) in order of 12.279, 4.149, and 32.258 g mmol-1 min-1, with maximum adsorption capacity based on Langmuir isotherm model of 0.598, 0.505, and 0.622 mmol g-1, and adsorption energy of 26.735, 25.789, and 29.245 kJ mol-1, respectively. The results indicated that KOH-activated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) shell has good adsorption affinity for Pb(II) with highest adsorption capacity compare to those from non-activated and acid-activated.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131646020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2260
Siti Rodiah, Mariyamah Mariyamah, R. Ahsanunnisa, Desti Erviana, F. Rahman, Annisa Widya Budaya
Gelatin diperoleh dari hidrolisis parsial kolagen pada kulit, tulang, kulit jangat, dan jaringan penghubung dari tubuh binatang, yang banyak digunakan baik pada industri pangan, non pangan, maupun farmasi. Gelatin umumnya berasal dari sapi dan babi. Bahan sumber gelatin dari babi menjadi masalah di Indonesia yang mayoritas berpenduduk muslim, karena babi diharamkan untuk dikonsumsi, sedangkan bahan gelatin dari mamalia terutama sapi juga menimbulkan masalah lain berkaitan dengan berita penyakit sapi gila (mad cow disease) atau bovine spongioform encephalopathy (BSE). Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pemanfaatan tulang ikan tenggiri sebagai sumber alternatif gelatin halal. Tulang ikan tenggiri merupakan hasil samping atau limbah pada industri rumah tangga yaitu pembuatan pempek di kota Palembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan gelatin halal dari tulang ikan tenggiri yang dihidrolisis menggunakan larutan asam yang berasal dari perasan jeruk nipis dengan variasi rasio asam/tulang ikan 1:3, 1:5, dan 1:7. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh padatan gelatin yang berwarna coklat. Rasio tulang ikan/asam 1 : 3 adalah rasio optimum yang menghasilkan rendeman tertinggi yaitu 2,4643% dengan kadar air 24,20%. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dan pengembangan komoditi perikanan khususnya di wilayah sumatera selatan.
{"title":"Pemanfaatan Limbah Tulang Ikan Tenggiri Sebagai Sumber Gelatin Halal Melalui Hidrolisis Larutan Asam Dengan Variasi Rasio Asam","authors":"Siti Rodiah, Mariyamah Mariyamah, R. Ahsanunnisa, Desti Erviana, F. Rahman, Annisa Widya Budaya","doi":"10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2260","url":null,"abstract":"Gelatin diperoleh dari hidrolisis parsial kolagen pada kulit, tulang, kulit jangat, dan jaringan penghubung dari tubuh binatang, yang banyak digunakan baik pada industri pangan, non pangan, maupun farmasi. Gelatin umumnya berasal dari sapi dan babi. Bahan sumber gelatin dari babi menjadi masalah di Indonesia yang mayoritas berpenduduk muslim, karena babi diharamkan untuk dikonsumsi, sedangkan bahan gelatin dari mamalia terutama sapi juga menimbulkan masalah lain berkaitan dengan berita penyakit sapi gila (mad cow disease) atau bovine spongioform encephalopathy (BSE). Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pemanfaatan tulang ikan tenggiri sebagai sumber alternatif gelatin halal. Tulang ikan tenggiri merupakan hasil samping atau limbah pada industri rumah tangga yaitu pembuatan pempek di kota Palembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan gelatin halal dari tulang ikan tenggiri yang dihidrolisis menggunakan larutan asam yang berasal dari perasan jeruk nipis dengan variasi rasio asam/tulang ikan 1:3, 1:5, dan 1:7. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh padatan gelatin yang berwarna coklat. Rasio tulang ikan/asam 1 : 3 adalah rasio optimum yang menghasilkan rendeman tertinggi yaitu 2,4643% dengan kadar air 24,20%. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dan pengembangan komoditi perikanan khususnya di wilayah sumatera selatan.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128915968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2259
N. Kholidah
Peningkatan konsumsi energi dan peningkatan timbulan sampah plastik merupakan dua permasalahan besar yang muncul seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pertambahan penduduk. Salah satu jenis sampah plastik polystyrene yang dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan proses perengkahan adalah styrofoam. Pada penelitian ini, proses perengkahan sampah plastik polystyrene dilakukan dengan proses perengkahan katalitik dengan menggunakan katalis Al2O3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur terhadap persentase yield produk dan karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan dari proses perengkahan katalitik sampah plastik polystyrene menggunakan katalis Aluminium Oksida. Proses perengkahan katalitik dilakukan didalam reaktor jenis fixed bed, dimana proses berlangsung pada suhu 150 oC, 200 oC, 250 oC dan 300 oC dengan waktu perengkahan 60 menit dan berat katalis 6% dari berat styrofoam yaitu 250 gram. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase yield cairan tertinggi sebesar 17,0% pada temperatur 250 oC, sedangkan karakteristik bahan bakar cair yang mendekati karakteristik gasoline yaitu pada temperature 250 oC, lama waktu perengkahan 60 menit dan berat katalis 6%, dimana masing-masing diperoleh nilai densitas sebesar 0.763 g/mL, specific gravity sebesar 0.778 dan oAPI gravity sebesar 50.2. Untuk bahan bakar cair yang diperoleh dari hasil perengkahan polystyrene pada suhu 150 oC, 200 oC dan 300 oC masih berada dalam rentang toleransi karakteristik bensin. Bahan bakar cair yang dihasilkan dari proses perengkahan katalitik dianalisa menggunakan alat GC-MS, dimana hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa bahan bakar cair tersebut termasuk kedalam fraksi bensin.
能源消费的增加和塑料垃圾的增加构成了经济增长和人口增长带来的两个主要问题。一种由聚乙烯制成的塑料垃圾，这种垃圾可以通过加工制成液体燃料，这是泡沫塑料。在这项研究中，聚苯乙烯塑料垃圾与催化物质结合进行。这项研究的目的是确定温度对硫化塑料垃圾与氧化铝催化剂的作用。催化结合过程发生在反应堆中，温度为150盎司、200盎司、250盎司和300盎司。研究结果17,0%大小的百分比收益最高的液体的温度在250 oC,而接近特征的液态汽油燃料的特点就是在温度250 oC, perengkahan时间60分钟,体重约6%的催化剂,分别获得价值在哪里密度0.763 g / mL,非常具体重力大小为0.778和oAPI重力大小50。2。150盎司、200盎司和300盎司的聚苯乙烯混合物混合物所产生的液体燃料仍处于汽油特性耐受性范围内。从催化过程中提取的液体燃料使用GC-MS设备进行分析，分析表明这种液体燃料属于汽油的一部分。
{"title":"Pengaruh Temperatur terhadap Persentase Yield pada Proses Perengkahan Katalitik Sampah Plastik menjadi Bahan Bakar Cair","authors":"N. Kholidah","doi":"10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/ALKIMIA.V2I1.2259","url":null,"abstract":"Peningkatan konsumsi energi dan peningkatan timbulan sampah plastik merupakan dua permasalahan besar yang muncul seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pertambahan penduduk. Salah satu jenis sampah plastik polystyrene yang dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan proses perengkahan adalah styrofoam. Pada penelitian ini, proses perengkahan sampah plastik polystyrene dilakukan dengan proses perengkahan katalitik dengan menggunakan katalis Al2O3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur terhadap persentase yield produk dan karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan dari proses perengkahan katalitik sampah plastik polystyrene menggunakan katalis Aluminium Oksida. Proses perengkahan katalitik dilakukan didalam reaktor jenis fixed bed, dimana proses berlangsung pada suhu 150 oC, 200 oC, 250 oC dan 300 oC dengan waktu perengkahan 60 menit dan berat katalis 6% dari berat styrofoam yaitu 250 gram. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase yield cairan tertinggi sebesar 17,0% pada temperatur 250 oC, sedangkan karakteristik bahan bakar cair yang mendekati karakteristik gasoline yaitu pada temperature 250 oC, lama waktu perengkahan 60 menit dan berat katalis 6%, dimana masing-masing diperoleh nilai densitas sebesar 0.763 g/mL, specific gravity sebesar 0.778 dan oAPI gravity sebesar 50.2. Untuk bahan bakar cair yang diperoleh dari hasil perengkahan polystyrene pada suhu 150 oC, 200 oC dan 300 oC masih berada dalam rentang toleransi karakteristik bensin. Bahan bakar cair yang dihasilkan dari proses perengkahan katalitik dianalisa menggunakan alat GC-MS, dimana hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa bahan bakar cair tersebut termasuk kedalam fraksi bensin.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126012677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.10229
R. Rahmi
Waste contains pollutants that can change the quality of the environment.Wastewater discharged into the environment must comply with standard quality standards. One of the parameters that are harmful to the environment are oils and fats. Oils and fats are on the surface of the water so they can block sunlight from entering the water and can interfere with the activities of aquatic biota. Determination of oil and fat content in palm oil industrial wastewater in Muaro Jambi District using the gravimetric method based on the Indonesian National Standard 6989.10:2011. The results obtained in the inlet waste pond of PT. A, PT. B and PT. C respectively 582.4 mg/L; 380.2 mg/L and 221.4 mg/L while for PT. A, PT. B and PT. C respectively 78.8 mg/L; 53.6 mg/L and 12.8 mg/L. According to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014, the maximum permissible level for liquid waste oil and fat at the outlet liquid waste of the palm oil mill industry is 25 mg/L. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the levels of oil and fat that meet the quality standards of palm oil liquid waste are outlet waste from PT. C.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF OIL AND FAT LEVELS IN LIQUID WASTE OF PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN MUARO JAMBI DISTRICT","authors":"R. Rahmi","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.10229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.10229","url":null,"abstract":"Waste contains pollutants that can change the quality of the environment.Wastewater discharged into the environment must comply with standard quality standards. One of the parameters that are harmful to the environment are oils and fats. Oils and fats are on the surface of the water so they can block sunlight from entering the water and can interfere with the activities of aquatic biota. Determination of oil and fat content in palm oil industrial wastewater in Muaro Jambi District using the gravimetric method based on the Indonesian National Standard 6989.10:2011. The results obtained in the inlet waste pond of PT. A, PT. B and PT. C respectively 582.4 mg/L; 380.2 mg/L and 221.4 mg/L while for PT. A, PT. B and PT. C respectively 78.8 mg/L; 53.6 mg/L and 12.8 mg/L. According to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014, the maximum permissible level for liquid waste oil and fat at the outlet liquid waste of the palm oil mill industry is 25 mg/L. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the levels of oil and fat that meet the quality standards of palm oil liquid waste are outlet waste from PT. C.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115256296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.11225
Farhan Fikri Safii
Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel that is promoted as one of the most promising alternative energies to replace fossil fuels. The production of hydrogen through the hydrolysis reaction of aluminum is a solution to overcome the problems in the current hydrogen production method. The production of hydrogen through the hydrolysis of aluminum is an environmentally friendly process because this process produces hydrogen and AlOOH or Al(OH)3 which are easily biodegradable in nature. However, this reaction has a low reaction rate so a catalyst is needed to increase the reaction rate. In this study, carbon catalyst from coconut shell waste which was carbonated at a temperature of 800 °C and activated with 1M sulfuric acid had been successfully synthesized by electrolysis method with 0.01 NaOH solution; 0.1; 1 M. The morphological structure of the carbon catalyst produced has the same shape as activated carbon from coconut shells, which is amorphous. The SEM-EDX results showed that the carbon catalyst electrolyzed with 0.01 M NaOH had the highest metal content of Na, which was 3.68 wt%. Meanwhile, 0.1 and 1 M have Na metal content of 2.17% and Na 2.54 wt%. The results of Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) show that the thermal stability of the carbon catalyst is higher than that of activated carbon. Surface area analysis by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) showed that the activated carbon and the synthesized carbon catalyst had microporous and mesoporous structures simultaneously. The electrolyzed carbon catalyst with 0.1 M NaOH has the largest surface area of 512,2 m2/g. While the electrolyzed carbon catalyst with 0.01 M has the smallest surface area of 393,189 m2/g. The effectiveness of the carbon catalyst is known from the amount of aluminum oxidized. The carbon catalyst electrolyzed with 0.01 M NaOH was found to be the most effective because it was able to oxidize 9.17% aluminum, while the carbon catalyst electrolyzed with 0.1 and 1 M NaOH was only able to oxidize 6.85 and 7.96 aluminum, respectively. %.
氢是一种环境友好型燃料，被推广为最有希望取代化石燃料的替代能源之一。铝的水解反应制氢是克服现有制氢方法存在的问题的一种解决方案。铝水解制氢是一种环境友好的工艺，因为该工艺产生的氢和AlOOH或Al(OH)3在自然界中是容易生物降解的。但该反应的反应速率较低，需要催化剂来提高反应速率。本研究以椰壳废料为原料，经800℃碳化，1M硫酸活化，用0.01 NaOH溶液电解法成功合成了碳催化剂;0.1;M.生产的碳催化剂的形态结构与椰壳活性炭的形状相同，是无定形的。SEM-EDX结果表明，以0.01 M NaOH电解的碳催化剂的金属Na含量最高，为3.68 wt%。0.1 M和1 M的金属Na含量分别为2.17%和2.54 wt%。热重分析(TGA)结果表明，活性炭催化剂的热稳定性高于活性炭催化剂。比表面积分析(BET)表明，活性炭和合成炭催化剂同时具有微孔和介孔结构。0.1 M NaOH电解碳催化剂的比表面积最大，为5122 m2/g。而0.01 M电解碳催化剂的比表面积最小，为393,189 m2/g。碳催化剂的有效性由铝的氧化量可知。结果表明，0.01 M NaOH电解碳催化剂的氧化率为9.17%，而0.1 M和1 M NaOH电解碳催化剂的氧化率分别为6.85和7.96。%。
{"title":"The Future Energy Production from Aluminum and Water With Carbon Catalyst From Rice Husk","authors":"Farhan Fikri Safii","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.11225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.11225","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel that is promoted as one of the most promising alternative energies to replace fossil fuels. The production of hydrogen through the hydrolysis reaction of aluminum is a solution to overcome the problems in the current hydrogen production method. The production of hydrogen through the hydrolysis of aluminum is an environmentally friendly process because this process produces hydrogen and AlOOH or Al(OH)3 which are easily biodegradable in nature. However, this reaction has a low reaction rate so a catalyst is needed to increase the reaction rate. In this study, carbon catalyst from coconut shell waste which was carbonated at a temperature of 800 °C and activated with 1M sulfuric acid had been successfully synthesized by electrolysis method with 0.01 NaOH solution; 0.1; 1 M. The morphological structure of the carbon catalyst produced has the same shape as activated carbon from coconut shells, which is amorphous. The SEM-EDX results showed that the carbon catalyst electrolyzed with 0.01 M NaOH had the highest metal content of Na, which was 3.68 wt%. Meanwhile, 0.1 and 1 M have Na metal content of 2.17% and Na 2.54 wt%. The results of Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) show that the thermal stability of the carbon catalyst is higher than that of activated carbon. Surface area analysis by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) showed that the activated carbon and the synthesized carbon catalyst had microporous and mesoporous structures simultaneously. The electrolyzed carbon catalyst with 0.1 M NaOH has the largest surface area of 512,2 m2/g. While the electrolyzed carbon catalyst with 0.01 M has the smallest surface area of 393,189 m2/g. The effectiveness of the carbon catalyst is known from the amount of aluminum oxidized. The carbon catalyst electrolyzed with 0.01 M NaOH was found to be the most effective because it was able to oxidize 9.17% aluminum, while the carbon catalyst electrolyzed with 0.1 and 1 M NaOH was only able to oxidize 6.85 and 7.96 aluminum, respectively. %.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124312754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v6i2.13675
R. G. Mahardika, Shania Sakhila, Nurhadini Nurhadini
Simpur leaf (Dillenia indica L.) as a traditional medicinal plant spread in the Bangka Belitung Islands. Secondary metabolites contained in simpur leaf extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Compounds that provide pharmacological properties such as polyphenols are unstable to the influence of temperature and high light intensity so that they are easily oxidized. The challenge to protect the damage of these compounds can be done by means of nanoencapsulation. This study aims to determine the size and efficiency of the nanoencapsulation of simpur leaf extract and its antibacterial bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Manufacture of nanoencapsulation using the nanoprecipitation method with the constituent components of PCL (1.5 g), Tween 80 (50 mL), simpur leaf extract (0.15 g; 0.25 g; 0.35 g). Antibacterial activity testing using disc diffusion method. Nanoencapsulated extract mass 0.15 g; 0.25 g; and 0.35 g have sizes of 167.2 nm, respectively; 208.7 nm; and 229.1 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 88.21%; 56.77%; and 5.34%. The antibacterial activity of the nanoencapsulation and extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria than Escherichia coli bacteria. Strength of activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in nanoencapsulated extracts was categorized as moderate to strong and Escherichia coli bacteria in extracts were categorized as moderate.
{"title":"Nanoencapsulation of Simpur (Dillenia indica L.) Leaf Extract For Antibacterial","authors":"R. G. Mahardika, Shania Sakhila, Nurhadini Nurhadini","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v6i2.13675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v6i2.13675","url":null,"abstract":"Simpur leaf (Dillenia indica L.) as a traditional medicinal plant spread in the Bangka Belitung Islands. Secondary metabolites contained in simpur leaf extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Compounds that provide pharmacological properties such as polyphenols are unstable to the influence of temperature and high light intensity so that they are easily oxidized. The challenge to protect the damage of these compounds can be done by means of nanoencapsulation. This study aims to determine the size and efficiency of the nanoencapsulation of simpur leaf extract and its antibacterial bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Manufacture of nanoencapsulation using the nanoprecipitation method with the constituent components of PCL (1.5 g), Tween 80 (50 mL), simpur leaf extract (0.15 g; 0.25 g; 0.35 g). Antibacterial activity testing using disc diffusion method. Nanoencapsulated extract mass 0.15 g; 0.25 g; and 0.35 g have sizes of 167.2 nm, respectively; 208.7 nm; and 229.1 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 88.21%; 56.77%; and 5.34%. The antibacterial activity of the nanoencapsulation and extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria than Escherichia coli bacteria. Strength of activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in nanoencapsulated extracts was categorized as moderate to strong and Escherichia coli bacteria in extracts were categorized as moderate.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"284 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133002929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.10588
Tunas Alam
Heavy metals and toxic elements four brands of commercial bottled water from Indonesia market were analyzed by using Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The heavy metals and toxic elements to be analyzed were copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn). The results are the heavy metals and toxic elements from all commercial water samples were below the permissible level of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Hence, this determination clarify no risk about quality and safety of commercial bottled water for public drinking water.
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals and Other Toxic Elements In Four Brands of Commercial Bottled Water From Indonesia Market By ICP/MS","authors":"Tunas Alam","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.10588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.10588","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals and toxic elements four brands of commercial bottled water from Indonesia market were analyzed by using Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The heavy metals and toxic elements to be analyzed were copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn). The results are the heavy metals and toxic elements from all commercial water samples were below the permissible level of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Hence, this determination clarify no risk about quality and safety of commercial bottled water for public drinking water.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124460624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.8659
Mochammad Luthfi Hamdani
Four o’clock flowers contain betalain compound namely betacyanin and betaxanthin. This compound is used as sensitizer on dssc. This study used water as a solvents with pH variations of 2, 4, and 6 for the extraction of betalain compounds from four o'clock flowers. Molecular characterization of compounds using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the wavelength and FTIR to determine the functional groups. The HOMO and LUMO analysis using a Cyclic Voltametery. This study generated absorbance to red and yellow four o'clock flowers extract is 532.50 nm which is betacyanin and 473.30 nm which is betaxanthin. FTIR analysis both of dyes produce wave number 3750-3000 cm-1 showed the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) and 1675-1500 cm-1, which showed the presence of alkenes. The HOMO and LUMO analysis using cyclic voltammetry of betacyanin extract at pH 2 were -3,497 eV and -6,012 eV and betaxanthin were -3,623 eV and -5,803 eV. DSSC performance using betacyanin and betaxanthin dye showed an efficiency value of 0.208% and 0.0036%. Results showed that the extract betacyanin and betaxanthin of red and yellow four o'clock flowers have shown a good sensitizer agents in DSSC. Keywords: Betacyanin, Betaxanthin, DSSC, Efficiency
{"title":"Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using Extract from Red and Yellow Four O’clock Flowers (Mirabilis jalapa)","authors":"Mochammad Luthfi Hamdani","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.8659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v5i1.8659","url":null,"abstract":"Four o’clock flowers contain betalain compound namely betacyanin and betaxanthin. This compound is used as sensitizer on dssc. This study used water as a solvents with pH variations of 2, 4, and 6 for the extraction of betalain compounds from four o'clock flowers. Molecular characterization of compounds using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the wavelength and FTIR to determine the functional groups. The HOMO and LUMO analysis using a Cyclic Voltametery. This study generated absorbance to red and yellow four o'clock flowers extract is 532.50 nm which is betacyanin and 473.30 nm which is betaxanthin. FTIR analysis both of dyes produce wave number 3750-3000 cm-1 showed the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) and 1675-1500 cm-1, which showed the presence of alkenes. The HOMO and LUMO analysis using cyclic voltammetry of betacyanin extract at pH 2 were -3,497 eV and -6,012 eV and betaxanthin were -3,623 eV and -5,803 eV. DSSC performance using betacyanin and betaxanthin dye showed an efficiency value of 0.208% and 0.0036%. Results showed that the extract betacyanin and betaxanthin of red and yellow four o'clock flowers have shown a good sensitizer agents in DSSC. \u0000Keywords: Betacyanin, Betaxanthin, DSSC, Efficiency","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116173468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.10239
Dwi Miftha Kurnia, M. Faizal
Abstract. The aim of this project work is to convert waste plastics into useful fuel range hydrocarbon mixture. The catalytic cracking process of polypropylene plastic waste (mineral water cup) was performed in a fixed-bed reactor with bentonite catalyst, at five temperatures ranging from 150 to 350oC with percent catalyst of 4%.The amounts of liquid fuel produced, as well as the compositions of the resulting liquid fuel, were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The influences of cracking parameters, such as temperature and catalyst mass, on product yields were investigated. The optimum conditions cracking of polypropylene plastics waste with bentonite as catalyst is at temperature of 350oC with 4% catalyst mass or20 grams. The highest liquid yield (41.5%) was obtained using 20 gram Bentonite catalyst at 350oC. The highest percent composition of C6H14, C7H16 andC8H18 in liquid product is 16.92%, 18.48%, and 12.22% respectively at temperature of 350oC.
{"title":"Liquid Fuel From Polypropylene Plastic Wastes with Bentonite as Catalyst by Catalytic Cracking Process","authors":"Dwi Miftha Kurnia, M. Faizal","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.10239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.10239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of this project work is to convert waste plastics into useful fuel range hydrocarbon mixture. The catalytic cracking process of polypropylene plastic waste (mineral water cup) was performed in a fixed-bed reactor with bentonite catalyst, at five temperatures ranging from 150 to 350oC with percent catalyst of 4%.The amounts of liquid fuel produced, as well as the compositions of the resulting liquid fuel, were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The influences of cracking parameters, such as temperature and catalyst mass, on product yields were investigated. The optimum conditions cracking of polypropylene plastics waste with bentonite as catalyst is at temperature of 350oC with 4% catalyst mass or20 grams. The highest liquid yield (41.5%) was obtained using 20 gram Bentonite catalyst at 350oC. The highest percent composition of C6H14, C7H16 andC8H18 in liquid product is 16.92%, 18.48%, and 12.22% respectively at temperature of 350oC.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133436575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.11275
Datin An Nisa Sukmawati, Yulia Shara Sembiring
Jamu pegal linu is one of the traditional medicinal products that are in great demand by the public, because it can relieve muscle and bone pain, improve blood circulation, strengthen body resistance, and relieve pain all over the body. However, some industry players have added medicinal medicine such as dexamethashone and mefenamic acid in herbal medicine. This study aims to determine the validity of the method in the analysis of dexamethashone and mefenamic acid by UV-Vis spectrophotometry on herbal medicine circulating in Indonesia several markets in Kediri-East Java. The sampling technique used in this study is a purposive sampling method so as to get 5 samples of herbal medicine (A,B,C,D,E). Research begins with determined of wavelength (nm) maximum of dexamethashone and mefenamic acid standard at 200-400 nm and determined of method validation to ensure the accuracy of the method in determining dexamethashone and mefenamic acid levels in the sample. The results of the research showed that the wavelength maximum of mefenamic acid and dexamethashone standard were 288 nm and 245 nm. The method validation showed that this method is good for detect the presence of mefenamic acid and dexamethasone in herbal medicine with the value of the validation parameters, such as linierity of calibration curve of mefenamic acid and dexamethasone weas 0.998, detection limit (LOD) 0.8779 µg/mL and 0.9677 µg/mL ; quantification limit (LOQ) 2.9264 µg/mL and 2.2256 µg/mL; intraday and interday precision of mefenamic acid was expressed by the value of % standard deviation relative (%RSD) was 0.8905 % and 1.0781 %; intraday and interday precision of dexamethasone was expressed by the value of % standard deviation relative (%RSD) was 0.6917 % and 0.8062 %. Respectively; as well as the accuracy expressed in mean % recovery were 101.547 % for mefenamic acid, and 100.576% for dexamethasone. Results analysis of the sample using a validated method showed that only sample A was mefenamic acid positively with concentration was 7.6796 µg/mL. The other hand, sample C,D and E was dexamethashone positively with concentrations were 2.4978 µg/mL, 2.4112 µg/mL and 8.7748 µg/mL.
{"title":"Determination of Mefenamic Acid and Dexametashone in Instant Pegal Linu Herbal Medicine in Kediri by Using UV-Vis Spectro","authors":"Datin An Nisa Sukmawati, Yulia Shara Sembiring","doi":"10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.11275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v5i2.11275","url":null,"abstract":"Jamu pegal linu is one of the traditional medicinal products that are in great demand by the public, because it can relieve muscle and bone pain, improve blood circulation, strengthen body resistance, and relieve pain all over the body. However, some industry players have added medicinal medicine such as dexamethashone and mefenamic acid in herbal medicine. This study aims to determine the validity of the method in the analysis of dexamethashone and mefenamic acid by UV-Vis spectrophotometry on herbal medicine circulating in Indonesia several markets in Kediri-East Java. The sampling technique used in this study is a purposive sampling method so as to get 5 samples of herbal medicine (A,B,C,D,E). Research begins with determined of wavelength (nm) maximum of dexamethashone and mefenamic acid standard at 200-400 nm and determined of method validation to ensure the accuracy of the method in determining dexamethashone and mefenamic acid levels in the sample. The results of the research showed that the wavelength maximum of mefenamic acid and dexamethashone standard were 288 nm and 245 nm. The method validation showed that this method is good for detect the presence of mefenamic acid and dexamethasone in herbal medicine with the value of the validation parameters, such as linierity of calibration curve of mefenamic acid and dexamethasone weas 0.998, detection limit (LOD) 0.8779 µg/mL and 0.9677 µg/mL ; quantification limit (LOQ) 2.9264 µg/mL and 2.2256 µg/mL; intraday and interday precision of mefenamic acid was expressed by the value of % standard deviation relative (%RSD) was 0.8905 % and 1.0781 %; intraday and interday precision of dexamethasone was expressed by the value of % standard deviation relative (%RSD) was 0.6917 % and 0.8062 %. Respectively; as well as the accuracy expressed in mean % recovery were 101.547 % for mefenamic acid, and 100.576% for dexamethasone. Results analysis of the sample using a validated method showed that only sample A was mefenamic acid positively with concentration was 7.6796 µg/mL. The other hand, sample C,D and E was dexamethashone positively with concentrations were 2.4978 µg/mL, 2.4112 µg/mL and 8.7748 µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":196624,"journal":{"name":"ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114642764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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