Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.138
A. Kaur
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a protein degradation mechanism in eukaryotes crucial to maintaining protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. There are tissue-specific differences in UPS activity and proteostasis, but the intercellular signaling mechanisms that mediate these differences are not well understood. This work examines eicosanoid signaling molecules—which are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—and their role in proteostasis regulation, particularly the UPS. A reporter transgene that expresses the UbG76V-GFP chimeric protein, a metastable substrate for the UPS, is used in Caenorhabditis elegans epithelial cells to monitor the level of UPS activity. In wild-type nematodes, UbG76V-GFP levels remain high through 24 hours post L4 stage (L4+24). Then, levels decrease significantly due to increased UPS activity as the animals age and develop 48 hours past L4 (L4+48). Mutants for fat-1, a desaturase enzyme that converts ω-6 PUFAs to ω-3 PUFAs, exhibited elevated UbG76V-GFP turnover in the hypodermis even at the L4+24 stage, suggesting that either ω-6 PUFAs (or their eicosanoid derivatives) promote UPS activity or ω-3 PUFAs (or their eicosanoid derivatives) inhibit UPS activity. In the intestine, mutants for fat-1 showed reduced UbG76V-GFP turnover at the L4+24 and L4+48 life stages. Additionally, mutants for emb-8—an NADPH reductase needed to convert PUFAs into eicosanoids—also showed reduced UbG76V-GFP turnover in the hypodermis even at the L4+48 stage. These results suggest that elements of the eicosanoid signaling pathway, including ω-6 PUFAs and their derivatives, significantly contribute to regulation of the UPS and proteostasis.
{"title":"Role of Eicosanoids in Regulating the Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Proteostasis","authors":"A. Kaur","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.138","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a protein degradation mechanism in eukaryotes crucial to maintaining protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. There are tissue-specific differences in UPS activity and proteostasis, but the intercellular signaling mechanisms that mediate these differences are not well understood. This work examines eicosanoid signaling molecules—which are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—and their role in proteostasis regulation, particularly the UPS. A reporter transgene that expresses the UbG76V-GFP chimeric protein, a metastable substrate for the UPS, is used in Caenorhabditis elegans epithelial cells to monitor the level of UPS activity. In wild-type nematodes, UbG76V-GFP levels remain high through 24 hours post L4 stage (L4+24). Then, levels decrease significantly due to increased UPS activity as the animals age and develop 48 hours past L4 (L4+48). Mutants for fat-1, a desaturase enzyme that converts ω-6 PUFAs to ω-3 PUFAs, exhibited elevated UbG76V-GFP turnover in the hypodermis even at the L4+24 stage, suggesting that either ω-6 PUFAs (or their eicosanoid derivatives) promote UPS activity or ω-3 PUFAs (or their eicosanoid derivatives) inhibit UPS activity. In the intestine, mutants for fat-1 showed reduced UbG76V-GFP turnover at the L4+24 and L4+48 life stages. Additionally, mutants for emb-8—an NADPH reductase needed to convert PUFAs into eicosanoids—also showed reduced UbG76V-GFP turnover in the hypodermis even at the L4+48 stage. These results suggest that elements of the eicosanoid signaling pathway, including ω-6 PUFAs and their derivatives, significantly contribute to regulation of the UPS and proteostasis.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129821950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.136
Kayla Castellitto, Nurgul Fitzgerald
Large percentages of college students are reported to be overweight and sedentary and do not consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. These outcomes can be influenced by the students’ environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of healthfulness and environmental supports on Rutgers University’s Cook Campus (RU)—one of the five Rutgers campuses—by examining campus food and physical activity environment, and related policies. As a part of the nationwide Get Fruved study on over 90 college/university campuses, the Healthy Campus Environmental Audit (HCEA) instrument was used to assess dining establishments, vending machines, recreational environment, and policies at RU. RU scores were compared to the original scales and to the average of the other Get Fruved universities/colleges. RU’s healthfulness scores for dining halls/cafeterias, recreational environment, vending machine supports, and stimulants policy were on the higher end of the scales and above the averages of other Get Fruved schools. However, RU’s scores indicated limited healthfulness in fast-food/sit-down restaurants; walking/biking supports; availability of healthy snacks and beverages in vending machines; healthy eating policies; and policies encouraging physical activity and chronic disease prevention. This study identified the strengths and weaknesses in RU’s campus environment and in RU’s policies for healthy eating and active living. These results can be used to support a healthier campus environment.
{"title":"Assessment of the Food and Physical Activity Environment on a University Campus","authors":"Kayla Castellitto, Nurgul Fitzgerald","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.136","url":null,"abstract":"Large percentages of college students are reported to be overweight and sedentary and do not consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. These outcomes can be influenced by the students’ environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of healthfulness and environmental supports on Rutgers University’s Cook Campus (RU)—one of the five Rutgers campuses—by examining campus food and physical activity environment, and related policies. As a part of the nationwide Get Fruved study on over 90 college/university campuses, the Healthy Campus Environmental Audit (HCEA) instrument was used to assess dining establishments, vending machines, recreational environment, and policies at RU. RU scores were compared to the original scales and to the average of the other Get Fruved universities/colleges. RU’s healthfulness scores for dining halls/cafeterias, recreational environment, vending machine supports, and stimulants policy were on the higher end of the scales and above the averages of other Get Fruved schools. However, RU’s scores indicated limited healthfulness in fast-food/sit-down restaurants; walking/biking supports; availability of healthy snacks and beverages in vending machines; healthy eating policies; and policies encouraging physical activity and chronic disease prevention. This study identified the strengths and weaknesses in RU’s campus environment and in RU’s policies for healthy eating and active living. These results can be used to support a healthier campus environment.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124342635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.139
Ryan Rodriguez
In college-level English courses, students often struggle to achieve satisfactory results in their writing. To remedy this, they seek help at campus writing centers, where a tutor helps them improve their writing skills and their academic performance. Yet, students experience tension between the classroom and the writing center that universities should seek to minimize. In my research, I discovered how different learning methods may either foster or suppress student autonomy. Further, I found that current methods—such as the course-embedded model for mitigating the tension between the writing center and the classroom—fail to empower the student. Using Rutgers University and its style of minimalist tutoring as a benchmark, I discuss the topics of autonomy and agency, student-led negotiation with authority, lack of academic motivation, and how we can bridge the pedagogical gap between the writing center and the classroom.
{"title":"Agency in the Writing Center: Examining the Importance of Student Autonomy in Higher Education","authors":"Ryan Rodriguez","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.139","url":null,"abstract":"In college-level English courses, students often struggle to achieve satisfactory results in their writing. To remedy this, they seek help at campus writing centers, where a tutor helps them improve their writing skills and their academic performance. Yet, students experience tension between the classroom and the writing center that universities should seek to minimize. In my research, I discovered how different learning methods may either foster or suppress student autonomy. Further, I found that current methods—such as the course-embedded model for mitigating the tension between the writing center and the classroom—fail to empower the student. Using Rutgers University and its style of minimalist tutoring as a benchmark, I discuss the topics of autonomy and agency, student-led negotiation with authority, lack of academic motivation, and how we can bridge the pedagogical gap between the writing center and the classroom.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121712825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.176
Justine Soltys, Lei Yu
Prior research efforts have demonstrated a link between neuroinflammation and the progres-sion of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN), a chronic cascade of nerve damage that presents as tingling, numbness, hypersensitivity to touch, or intense pain. Current treatments are focused on pain manage-ment, serving to temporarily mask these symptoms without repressing or slowing nerve damage. The chemokine-receptor system has been closely stud-ied for its role in perpetuating neuropathic pain, alt-hough its precise mechanistic involvement remains unclear due to the network’s complexity. Because of its likely role in regulating neuropathic pain, target-ing CCR2 may be the key to effective treatment of PDN.Alternative splicing of CCR2 leads to two dis-tinct isoforms with different C-terminus sequences, CCR2A and CCR2B. The present study was intended to differentiate between these isoforms through spe-cific primer design, selection of optimized pairs, RT-PCR, and amplicon sequencing to verify the PCR products. However, the study has revealed a third, previously unreported isoform, CCR2C, due to evi-dence of alternative splicing and both the absence and insertion of parts of A and B. In the long term, we predict that the relationship between CCR2’s alternatively spliced transcript variants will lead to a distinct pattern of isoform prevalence in individuals suffering from PDN. Discerning the genetic profiles of patients with PDN and healthy individuals will clar-ify the complex mechanism driving CCR2’s intracel-lular interactions and offer more effective therapeu-tic options.
{"title":"Characterizing an Alternatively Spliced Variant of Chemokine Receptor 2 in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy","authors":"Justine Soltys, Lei Yu","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.176","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research efforts have demonstrated a link between neuroinflammation and the progres-sion of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN), a chronic cascade of nerve damage that presents as tingling, numbness, hypersensitivity to touch, or intense pain. Current treatments are focused on pain manage-ment, serving to temporarily mask these symptoms without repressing or slowing nerve damage. The chemokine-receptor system has been closely stud-ied for its role in perpetuating neuropathic pain, alt-hough its precise mechanistic involvement remains unclear due to the network’s complexity. Because of its likely role in regulating neuropathic pain, target-ing CCR2 may be the key to effective treatment of PDN.Alternative splicing of CCR2 leads to two dis-tinct isoforms with different C-terminus sequences, CCR2A and CCR2B. The present study was intended to differentiate between these isoforms through spe-cific primer design, selection of optimized pairs, RT-PCR, and amplicon sequencing to verify the PCR products. However, the study has revealed a third, previously unreported isoform, CCR2C, due to evi-dence of alternative splicing and both the absence and insertion of parts of A and B. In the long term, we predict that the relationship between CCR2’s alternatively spliced transcript variants will lead to a distinct pattern of isoform prevalence in individuals suffering from PDN. Discerning the genetic profiles of patients with PDN and healthy individuals will clar-ify the complex mechanism driving CCR2’s intracel-lular interactions and offer more effective therapeu-tic options.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123624872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.170
Julia Zheng
Biohacking refers to optimizing one’s body through modifying biology. In the 20th century, do-it-yourself (DIY) biology emerged as a type of biohacking involving biotechnology. Current high- healthcare costs promote DIY -biology insulin and EpiPens as ways to challenge norms in healthcare, thus serving as forms of activism. Biohacked insulin is part of the #WeAreNotWaiting movement to support improved treatment of Type 1 diabetes, whereas biohacked EpiPens allow people to make lifesaving autoinjectors at low costs. Social media acts as a catalyst and aids in the spread of insulin and EpiPen biohacking as activism. In 1979, Principles of Biomedical Ethics by Beauchamp and Childress proposed four principles that continue to guide decision-making in clinical medicine: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. This paper applies these principles to explore whether the benefits of performing DIY biology outweigh the potential health risks. Examining biohacking with a biomedical ethics frame, as outlined by Beauchamp and Childress, reveals that biohacking acts as a response to current issues but cannot serve as a solution in its current form. However, biohacking can grant patients more power in their relationship with the healthcare system, therefore lessening the dominance of formal institutions. Out of the four principles, autonomy applies most differently when regarding biohacking than traditional medicine. Accordingly, a model of ethics for biohacking, such as of Beauchamp and Childress’ with the autonomy altered to acknowledge the additional implications of biohacking, should be developed in the future.
“生物黑客”指的是通过修改生物来优化身体。在20世纪，DIY生物学作为一种涉及生物技术的生物黑客出现。当前高昂的医疗成本促使DIY生物胰岛素和肾上腺素注射剂成为挑战医疗保健规范的方式，从而成为行动主义的形式。生物黑客胰岛素是#我们不等待#运动的一部分，以支持改善1型糖尿病的治疗，而生物黑客EpiPens使人们能够以低成本制造挽救生命的自动注射器。社交媒体是胰岛素和EpiPen生物黑客作为行动主义传播的催化剂和助推器。1979年，Beauchamp和Childress撰写的《生物医学伦理原则》(Principles of Biomedical Ethics)提出了四项原则，这些原则一直指导着临床医学的决策:仁慈、无害、自主和公正。本文运用这些原则来探讨进行DIY生物学的好处是否大于潜在的健康风险。正如Beauchamp和Childress所概述的那样，用生物医学伦理框架来审视生物黑客行为，揭示了生物黑客行为是对当前问题的回应，但不能以目前的形式作为解决方案。然而，生物黑客可以在患者与医疗保健系统的关系中赋予他们更多的权力，从而减少正式机构的主导地位。在四项原则中，自主在生物黑客和传统医学方面的应用最为不同。因此，未来应该发展出一种生物黑客的伦理模式，比如比彻姆和柴尔德里斯的模式，这种模式赋予了生物黑客的自主权，以承认生物黑客的额外影响。
{"title":"Ethical Implications of Biohacking as Activism: Democratized Health Care, Danger, or What?","authors":"Julia Zheng","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.170","url":null,"abstract":"Biohacking refers to optimizing one’s body through modifying biology. In the 20th century, do-it-yourself (DIY) biology emerged as a type of biohacking involving biotechnology. Current high- healthcare costs promote DIY -biology insulin and EpiPens as ways to challenge norms in healthcare, thus serving as forms of activism. Biohacked insulin is part of the #WeAreNotWaiting movement to support improved treatment of Type 1 diabetes, whereas biohacked EpiPens allow people to make lifesaving autoinjectors at low costs. Social media acts as a catalyst and aids in the spread of insulin and EpiPen biohacking as activism. In 1979, Principles of Biomedical Ethics by Beauchamp and Childress proposed four principles that continue to guide decision-making in clinical medicine: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. This paper applies these principles to explore whether the benefits of performing DIY biology outweigh the potential health risks. Examining biohacking with a biomedical ethics frame, as outlined by Beauchamp and Childress, reveals that biohacking acts as a response to current issues but cannot serve as a solution in its current form. However, biohacking can grant patients more power in their relationship with the healthcare system, therefore lessening the dominance of formal institutions. Out of the four principles, autonomy applies most differently when regarding biohacking than traditional medicine. Accordingly, a model of ethics for biohacking, such as of Beauchamp and Childress’ with the autonomy altered to acknowledge the additional implications of biohacking, should be developed in the future.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129714968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.165
Soo Min Kwon, A. Sarwate
Statistical machine learning algorithms often involve learning a linear relationship between dependent and independent variables. This relationship is modeled as a vector of numerical values, commonly referred to as weights or predictors. These weights allow us to make predictions, and the quality of these weights influence the accuracy of our predictions. However, when the dependent variable inherently possesses a more complex, multidimensional structure, it becomes increasingly difficult to model the relationship with a vector. In this paper, we address this issue by investigating machine learning classification algorithms with multidimensional (tensor) structure. By imposing tensor factorizations on the predictors, we can better model the relationship, as the predictors would take the form of the data in question. We empirically show that our approach works more efficiently than the traditional machine learning method when the data possesses both an exact and an approximate tensor structure. Additionally, we show that estimating predictors with these factorizations also allow us to solve for fewer parameters, making computation more feasible for multidimensional data.
{"title":"Learning Predictors from Multidimensional Data with Tensor Factorizations","authors":"Soo Min Kwon, A. Sarwate","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.165","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical machine learning algorithms often involve learning a linear relationship between dependent and independent variables. This relationship is modeled as a vector of numerical values, commonly referred to as weights or predictors. These weights allow us to make predictions, and the quality of these weights influence the accuracy of our predictions. However, when the dependent variable inherently possesses a more complex, multidimensional structure, it becomes increasingly difficult to model the relationship with a vector. In this paper, we address this issue by investigating machine learning classification algorithms with multidimensional (tensor) structure. By imposing tensor factorizations on the predictors, we can better model the relationship, as the predictors would take the form of the data in question. We empirically show that our approach works more efficiently than the traditional machine learning method when the data possesses both an exact and an approximate tensor structure. Additionally, we show that estimating predictors with these factorizations also allow us to solve for fewer parameters, making computation more feasible for multidimensional data.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.166
Alexa Becker, Mengxue Kang, A. Glass
The dual system hypothesis posits the existence of two neural systems for memory and learning in the mammalian brain: the habit system and the improvisational system. This study sought to determine whether both systems are involved in a visual recognition task originally outlined in Sternberg (1966) and whether each system could be selectively engaged on the basis of response assignment. Seventeen undergraduate students participated in an immediate visual recognition task where they responded whether or not a test consonant was present in a previous study sequence of one to six consonants by pressing one key for same or another key for different. When the different response was assigned to the spatially right “J” key, reaction time for targets and lures was a function of the study sequence size, indicating that the study sequence was serially scanned and compared with the test item by the habit system. However, when the same response was assigned to the spatially right “J” key, reaction time was not a function of study sequence size, indicating that the test item was not compared with the study sequence and responses were instead determined by perceived recency/novelty of the test item by the improvisational system. Differences in reaction time depending on response assignment suggest the selection of one memory system over the other based on verbal labels assigned to response keys in different spatial locations. Verbal label refers to the label of same or different assigned to the response keys in the experiment instructions. Results expand upon Sternberg (1966)—which used the same visual recognition task design as this study but did not account for response assignment, obscuring evidence of contributions from both memory systems—and provide more evidence for the dual-system hypothesis by demonstrating the involvement of both memory systems in immediate visual recognition.
{"title":"Changing Verbal Label Assignments Selects the Memory System for Responses in an Immediate Visual Recognition Task","authors":"Alexa Becker, Mengxue Kang, A. Glass","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.166","url":null,"abstract":"The dual system hypothesis posits the existence of two neural systems for memory and learning in the mammalian brain: the habit system and the improvisational system. This study sought to determine whether both systems are involved in a visual recognition task originally outlined in Sternberg (1966) and whether each system could be selectively engaged on the basis of response assignment. Seventeen undergraduate students participated in an immediate visual recognition task where they responded whether or not a test consonant was present in a previous study sequence of one to six consonants by pressing one key for same or another key for different. When the different response was assigned to the spatially right “J” key, reaction time for targets and lures was a function of the study sequence size, indicating that the study sequence was serially scanned and compared with the test item by the habit system. However, when the same response was assigned to the spatially right “J” key, reaction time was not a function of study sequence size, indicating that the test item was not compared with the study sequence and responses were instead determined by perceived recency/novelty of the test item by the improvisational system. Differences in reaction time depending on response assignment suggest the selection of one memory system over the other based on verbal labels assigned to response keys in different spatial locations. Verbal label refers to the label of same or different assigned to the response keys in the experiment instructions. Results expand upon Sternberg (1966)—which used the same visual recognition task design as this study but did not account for response assignment, obscuring evidence of contributions from both memory systems—and provide more evidence for the dual-system hypothesis by demonstrating the involvement of both memory systems in immediate visual recognition.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115330891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.174
Andrew Faulkenberry
In the years following World War II, integral serialist composers declared their intent to defy all previous musical conventions and eradicate all “rem-inisces of a dead world” from their music. Karlheinz Stockhausen was no exception, asserting his desire “to avoid everything which is familiar, generally known or reminiscent of music already composed.” However, Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge, de-spite its reputation for technical innovation, bears a strong connection to prior musical traditions. In this regard, Stockhausen resembled the neoclassical school of composers that sought to accommodate antiquated musical materials within a modern con-text.To demonstrate these similarities, I apply to Gesang a model of neoclassicism developed by Martha M. Hyde, a scholar on twentieth-century mu-sic. Hyde identifies two modes by which a neoclassi-cal piece “accommodates antiquity”: metamorphic anachronism and allegory. I argue both are present in Gesang. First, Stockhausen adopts elements of the sacred vocal tradition—including a child’s voice and antiphonal writing—and morphs them into something modern. Second, Stockhausen uses the Biblical story on which Gesang is based as an alle-gory for his own conflicted relationship with the mu-sical past. This analysis reframes Gesang’s signifi-cance and connects Stockhausen’s work to seem-ingly unrelated trends in twentieth-century musical thought.
在第二次世界大战后的几年里，完整的序列主义作曲家宣布他们的意图是挑战以前所有的音乐惯例，从他们的音乐中根除所有“死亡世界的残余”。卡尔海因茨·施托克豪森(Karlheinz Stockhausen)也不例外，他声称自己希望“避免一切熟悉的、众所周知的或让人想起已经创作的音乐的东西”。然而，尽管施托克豪森的《Gesang der jenglinge》以技术创新而闻名，但它与之前的音乐传统有着密切的联系。在这方面，施托克豪森类似于新古典主义学派的作曲家，他们试图在现代背景下容纳古老的音乐材料。为了证明这些相似之处，我在格桑身上应用了一种新古典主义模式，这种模式是由研究20世纪音乐的学者玛莎·m·海德(Martha M. Hyde)提出的。海德确定了新古典主义作品“适应古代”的两种模式:变质的时代错误和寓言。我认为两者都存在于格桑。首先，施托克豪森采用了神圣声乐传统的元素——包括儿童的声音和对唱的写作——并将它们转变成现代的东西。其次，施托克豪森用《格桑》所依据的《圣经》故事作为寓言，来描述他自己与音乐过去的矛盾关系。这种分析重新定义了格桑的意义，并将斯托克豪森的作品与20世纪音乐思想中看似无关的趋势联系起来。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.164
Zaynab Khan, A. Friedman-Krauss
Each state in the US has different compensation parity policies for their early childhood education programs. Currently, public preschool teachers often have similar qualifications to K-3 teachers but earn significantly lower salaries. Compensation parity policies ensure that equivalent work and qualifications are compensated with equivalent pay and benefits. Using data collected by the National Institute of Early Education Research (NIEER), I organized and analyzed policy data from all state-funded preschool programs in the U.S., with a focus on state compensation parity policies for lead preschool teachers. Ultimately, my purpose was to understand state-funded preschool compensation parity for lead teachers in order to identify areas of improvement for the workforce within early education programs. I initially hypothesized that Pre-K programs that required pay parity did not cost states more per child than Pre-K programs that did not require pay parity. Literature from NIEER and other early education research institutions has shown that quality early education programs are critical in a child’s formative years and suggests that a more satisfied workforce yields more positive outcomes for children. Parity policies in state-funded Pre-K programs are not highly correlated to spending per child or program quality. Moreover, parity policies improve workforce well-being and should still be incorporated into state-funded Pre-K. Results show that there are only six programs across four states that require full salary parity for lead preschool teachers and no states require benefit parity for lead preschool teachers in both public and private settings. No clear pattern has emerged between compensation parity policies and state preschool spending or program quality.
{"title":"Workforce Compensation Policies for Lead Teachers in State-Funded Preschool","authors":"Zaynab Khan, A. Friedman-Krauss","doi":"10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.164","url":null,"abstract":"Each state in the US has different compensation parity policies for their early childhood education programs. Currently, public preschool teachers often have similar qualifications to K-3 teachers but earn significantly lower salaries. Compensation parity policies ensure that equivalent work and qualifications are compensated with equivalent pay and benefits. Using data collected by the National Institute of Early Education Research (NIEER), I organized and analyzed policy data from all state-funded preschool programs in the U.S., with a focus on state compensation parity policies for lead preschool teachers. Ultimately, my purpose was to understand state-funded preschool compensation parity for lead teachers in order to identify areas of improvement for the workforce within early education programs. I initially hypothesized that Pre-K programs that required pay parity did not cost states more per child than Pre-K programs that did not require pay parity. Literature from NIEER and other early education research institutions has shown that quality early education programs are critical in a child’s formative years and suggests that a more satisfied workforce yields more positive outcomes for children. Parity policies in state-funded Pre-K programs are not highly correlated to spending per child or program quality. Moreover, parity policies improve workforce well-being and should still be incorporated into state-funded Pre-K. Results show that there are only six programs across four states that require full salary parity for lead preschool teachers and no states require benefit parity for lead preschool teachers in both public and private settings. No clear pattern has emerged between compensation parity policies and state preschool spending or program quality.","PeriodicalId":196784,"journal":{"name":"Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i3.167
Zachary Smolder, J. Yi
Remote operated vehicles (ROVs) are robotic submersibles controlled typically by a person at the surface of a water body. ROVs can be applied to surveillance, environmental, and data recording jobs or tasks. The vehicle design may be modified to remove or add additional capabilities depending upon the specific purpose of the ROV. In this paper, we explore using remote operated vehicles as a cheap and affordable water exploration platform. ROV’s high cost is a prohibitive barrier to entry, preventing widespread adoption of ROV for personal, research, and conservation uses. To address this problem, our paper explores a cost effective ROV with video capturing and directional control capabilities. Using state-of-the-art robotic technologies, a cost-effective competitive ROV is designed and constructed. This ROV was tested to a depth of 7 meters and has the potential to reach depths of up to 30 meters per its design.
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