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Despite well-known associations between nutrition and chemosensory dysfunction, very little is known regarding the nutritional impact of COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction. A retrospective cohort study using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Database was performed to evaluate the risk of malnutrition in individuals with COVID-19-induced anosmia. Statistical analysis among groups was performed by odds ratio (OR) calculations (95% confidence interval [CI]). 19,384 (0.05%) COVID-19-positive adults without preexisting malnutrition were identified with a new diagnosis of anosmia. Within this subgroup, there were significant odds of developing overnutrition (OR 1.36, 95% CI [1.26, 1.46], P < .0001) and any malnutrition diagnosis (OR 1.34, 95% CI [1.25, 1.44], P < .0001), but not undernutrition (OR 0.88, 95% CI [0.66, 1.16], P = .35). These large database findings indicate that chemosensory losses in COVID-19 patients may increase the risk of subsequent overnutrition on a broad, national scale. Level of Evidence. Level 3.

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) can cause symptoms such as aural fullness, hearing loss, and tinnitus, and the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) is used to assess symptom burden. Balloon dilation of the eustachian tube (BDET) is a treatment for chronic obstructive ETD (OETD) in patients who fail medical therapy, yet optimal postoperative follow-up timing remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 28 patients who underwent BDET between 2017 and 2024, analyzing ETDQ-7 scores at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant improvement from baseline to 6 weeks (P < .001), with no additional benefit from 6 to 12 weeks (P = .625). These findings suggest early symptom improvement is sustained, and a single 6-week follow-up visit may suffice for monitoring outcomes. This could reduce patient burden and optimize healthcare resource utilization. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings in larger, more diverse populations across different clinical settings.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of de novo chronic rhinosinusitis and identify associated risk factors in kidney and liver transplant recipients without pre-existing sinonasal complaints.

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Multisite study across Mayo Clinic Enterprise locations in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Methods: Records of all patients who underwent kidney or liver transplantation between November 1, 2021, and November 1, 2022 were reviewed. Patients with documented sinonasal complaints prior to transplantation were excluded. Diagnoses were based on ICD-10 codes assigned by board-certified otolaryngologists, with follow-up extending through November 2024. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of de novo chronic rhinosinusitis.

Results: Among 1459 transplant recipients (mean age 55.1 years, 59.8% male), the cumulative 2-year incidence of de novo chronic rhinosinusitis was 2.4% (24/986) in kidney and 2.3% (11/473) in liver transplant recipients (P = .89). The overall incidence rate was 12.0 cases per 1000 person-years, exceeding general population estimates. Transplant rejection (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.9, P < .001) and additional organ transplantation (OR 5.0, 95% CI 3.4-6.5, P = .041) were independently associated with chronic rhinosinusitis development.

Conclusion: Kidney and liver transplant recipients experience a higher incidence of de novo chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the general population. Transplant rejection and additional organ transplantation significantly increase this risk. Early recognition and management of chronic rhinosinusitis in this population may support improved postoperative outcomes.

Laryngectomy is a life-changing procedure typically performed as a surgical treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. Voice conversion (VC) is a technology that converts one voice into another without changing the linguistic information. Recently, "Save the Voice Project" for patients planning to undergo laryngectomy using our VC technique has been initiated. This study evaluated the speech converted from EL speech using the VC technique in a patient with head and neck cancer who had undergone laryngectomy. Additionally, details of an iPhone/iPad application for voice recording were reported. VC technology would greatly improve the quality of life of patients planning to undergo laryngectomy, especially those with relatively well-preserved vocal function. To preserve the patient's original normal speech, medical staff should perform voice management before and after laryngectomy, and high-quality voice recordings are essential.

An intact intranasal trigeminal function is crucial for chemosensory and somatosensory perception, environmental irritation detection, and triggering protective reflexes. Accurately assessing intranasal trigeminal function is thus essential. Since transient receptor potential (TRP) channels' activation mediates this function, their expression levels in the nasal mucosa may serve as potential indicators. The present study examined the relationship between intranasal trigeminal sensitivity, assessed via the lateralization task, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of TRP channels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in healthy individuals. The results indicated that individuals with lower lateralization scores exhibited significantly reduced TRPA1 mRNA expression levels, suggesting that TRPA1 density may influence behavioral responses to trigeminal stimulation. The findings provide promising evidence linking nasal TRPA1 expression to psychophysical measures, supporting the potential of nasal swabs as a simple, non-invasive, biologically objective tool for assessing intranasal trigeminal function.

Objective: To characterize salivary gland pathology and neoplasms associated with CYLD cutaneous syndrome, including location, risk of malignancy, and management practices.

Data sources: MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus.

Review methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a database search was performed to identify articles describing salivary gland lesions in the setting of CYLD cutaneous syndrome.

Results: Twenty-six articles meeting the inclusion criteria were identified, describing 31 patients with CYLD cutaneous syndrome who presented with salivary gland neoplasms. Mean age was 61.0 years (range 37-76). Sixteen (51.6%) patients were male, 12 (38.7%) female, and 3 (9.7%) did not specify patient sex. Neoplasms were located in the parotid gland in 27 (87.1%) patients, both the parotid and submandibular glands in 2 (6.5%) patients, the submandibular gland in 1 (3.2%) patient, and minor salivary glands in 1 (3.2%) patient. Fifteen (48.4%) neoplasms were reported as multifocal, and 9 (29.0%) patients presented with salivary gland malignancy during their disease course. Eight (25.8%) cases reported recurrence at a mean of 3.8 (range 1-10) years.

Conclusion: Salivary gland lesions presenting in the setting of CYLD cutaneous syndrome occur predominantly in the parotid gland. Tumors frequently present with multifocal and malignant pathology, and warrant definitive surgical excision with parotidectomy.

This developmental device pilot study compared transmission ultrasound detection of cervical esophageal bolus transit with videofluoroscopy contrast images during barium swallow evaluation. An ultrasound transmitter-receiver pair on the neck recorded contrast swallows compiled into heatmaps in adult patients. Using prespecified criteria for qualifying interpretable studies, a unique pattern of ultrasound heatmap features of signal attenuation hypothesized to indicate bolus transit effects on the ultrasound transmission signal was labeled for later comparison to the videofluoroscopic image frame ranges of swallowed bolus contrast passing between the paired ultrasound sensors anterior to C5-C6 cervical vertebrae. In total, 15 studied patients met the inclusion criteria for interpretable image labeling and quality for ultrasound and corresponding videofluoroscopy recordings for 211 swallows. Ultrasound detection yielded 200 true positives, 16 false positives, and 11 false negatives based on the overlap of ultrasound and videofluoroscopic frame ranges: sensitivity 95% and specificity 92%. Transmission ultrasound bolus detection in the cervical esophagus is feasible.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis examining the risks of obstructive sleep apnea in head and neck cancer survivors with the goal of determining if there is a statistically significant increase in the risk of obstructive sleep apnea after treatment for head and neck cancer. Additionally, we sought to determine if specific treatment modalities are associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

Data sources: A comprehensive literature search was performed using Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Ovid All EBM Reviews.

Review methods: Included studies performed polysomnography in head and neck cancer patients before and/or after treatment. Random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate overall prevalences of obstructive sleep apnea and apnea-hypopnea index change before versus after head and neck cancer treatment.

Results: The literature search returned 575 articles for initial review, of which 16 articles met criteria for inclusion and meta-analysis (419 participants). The mean obstructive sleep apnea prevalence in head and neck cancer survivors was 83.7%. Mean prevalence before treatment was 79.9% [70.0%, 88.3%] and after treatment was 88.7% [82.3%, 94.0%]. In random effects meta-analysis, patients had a statistically significant increase in apnea-hypopnea index of 4.28 [0.46, 8.09] after treatment.

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in head and neck cancer survivors independent of treatment modality. Therefore, we propose that all head and neck cancer survivors undergo routine validated screening for obstructive sleep apnea.