For the development of an RFID system a flexible counterpart on the transponder side is necessary. On the system it must be possible to implement different standards and allow access to major interfaces of the processing chain of the tag. In the development of new RFID approaches a flexible platform close to the IC is necessary, thus an implementation on an FPGA is beneficial. A model-based approach allows the development of complex systems, starting with system simulation in Simulink/MATLAB in conjunction with additional Xilinx tools. The target bit file is created from the System Generator toolbox for Simulink/MATLAB. A software defined radio platform based on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA was used as a target platform. A specific and well-tested framework is used to facilitate the integration process. The mandatory EPC specification parts of the digital portion of an UHF transponder are implemented and the FPGA performance is tested towards the initial Simulink/MATLAB simulation.
{"title":"Model Based Development of the Digital Part of a RFID Transponder with Xilinx System Generator for a FPGA Platform","authors":"V. R. Pamula, W. Strauss, J. Bernhard","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.29","url":null,"abstract":"For the development of an RFID system a flexible counterpart on the transponder side is necessary. On the system it must be possible to implement different standards and allow access to major interfaces of the processing chain of the tag. In the development of new RFID approaches a flexible platform close to the IC is necessary, thus an implementation on an FPGA is beneficial. A model-based approach allows the development of complex systems, starting with system simulation in Simulink/MATLAB in conjunction with additional Xilinx tools. The target bit file is created from the System Generator toolbox for Simulink/MATLAB. A software defined radio platform based on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA was used as a target platform. A specific and well-tested framework is used to facilitate the integration process. The mandatory EPC specification parts of the digital portion of an UHF transponder are implemented and the FPGA performance is tested towards the initial Simulink/MATLAB simulation.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134559112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this contribution we introduce geometric based modeling of carrier cross talk between transmitter and receiver of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader. We take two paths into account: a direct static cross talk path between transmitter and receiver, and a backscatter path between the transmit antenna of the RFID reader, a transponder and the receive antenna of the RFID reader. While the positions of the reader antennas are fixed, the position of the transponder is varied in simulation based on the movement of a transponder on a conveyor belt. Furthermore, also the compensation of this cross talk is simulated and results are presented. Finally, for dedicated scenarios we compare simulation results with measurements carried out with our multi antenna RFID research environment which incorporates active cross talk compensation.
{"title":"Measurement and Simulation of Crosstalk and Crosstalk Compensation in UHF RFID","authors":"R. Langwieser, G. Lasser","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.24","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution we introduce geometric based modeling of carrier cross talk between transmitter and receiver of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader. We take two paths into account: a direct static cross talk path between transmitter and receiver, and a backscatter path between the transmit antenna of the RFID reader, a transponder and the receive antenna of the RFID reader. While the positions of the reader antennas are fixed, the position of the transponder is varied in simulation based on the movement of a transponder on a conveyor belt. Furthermore, also the compensation of this cross talk is simulated and results are presented. Finally, for dedicated scenarios we compare simulation results with measurements carried out with our multi antenna RFID research environment which incorporates active cross talk compensation.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the reader's transmit signal design problem for RFID MIMO systems. First a mathematical model for this kind of system is developed from the viewpoint of signal processing. Then two spatial matching transmission schemes, namely matched to a fixed antenna at the tag or matched to a selected antenna at the tag, for the reader's signals are proposed. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed approaches can greatly improve the BER performance of RFID MIMO systems, compared to the uniform transmission policy.
{"title":"On the Transmit Signal Design at the Reader for RFID MIMO Systems","authors":"Feng Zheng, T. Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the reader's transmit signal design problem for RFID MIMO systems. First a mathematical model for this kind of system is developed from the viewpoint of signal processing. Then two spatial matching transmission schemes, namely matched to a fixed antenna at the tag or matched to a selected antenna at the tag, for the reader's signals are proposed. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed approaches can greatly improve the BER performance of RFID MIMO systems, compared to the uniform transmission policy.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121162475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Armisi, A. Corona, S. Colangelo, N. Rosato, C. Medaglia, A. Lazzaro, L. Iezzi, N. Di Lorenzo, A. Gaspari, S. Sbrenni, I. Piccolo, S. Croci
In this paper the authors intend to present an application of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) in health care, with the aim to improve clinical safety in operating room. It was designed and built a prototype for counting sponges during surgery. The presented system, following in vitro and in vivo tests, has allowed to obtain very good results in terms of detection of the gauze in the abdomen of the patient and, in general, in management of them during the clinical practice.
{"title":"Improving Safety in Operating Room: Design and Experimentation of a RFID-Based Medical Device for Surgical Sponges Management","authors":"L. Armisi, A. Corona, S. Colangelo, N. Rosato, C. Medaglia, A. Lazzaro, L. Iezzi, N. Di Lorenzo, A. Gaspari, S. Sbrenni, I. Piccolo, S. Croci","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.18","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the authors intend to present an application of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) in health care, with the aim to improve clinical safety in operating room. It was designed and built a prototype for counting sponges during surgery. The presented system, following in vitro and in vivo tests, has allowed to obtain very good results in terms of detection of the gauze in the abdomen of the patient and, in general, in management of them during the clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134105558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution evaluates backscatter radio frequency identification (RFID) systems on the body of a human being at 900MHz and 2.45GHz. The systems are composed of different on-body antennas. Custom-built monopole antennas act as a best-case reference, while less efficient patch antennas are used to give an insight in practical system implementations. The evaluation of these systems is based on channel transfer function measurements, which allows to deduce outage probabilities of the RFID systems. These probabilities give an insight in the system performance in forward and backward link and help to identify the limitations in the backscatter communication to realize a reliable system.
{"title":"Evaluating On-Body RFID Systems at 900 MHz and 2.45 GHz","authors":"J. Grosinger, M. Fischer","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.14","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution evaluates backscatter radio frequency identification (RFID) systems on the body of a human being at 900MHz and 2.45GHz. The systems are composed of different on-body antennas. Custom-built monopole antennas act as a best-case reference, while less efficient patch antennas are used to give an insight in practical system implementations. The evaluation of these systems is based on channel transfer function measurements, which allows to deduce outage probabilities of the RFID systems. These probabilities give an insight in the system performance in forward and backward link and help to identify the limitations in the backscatter communication to realize a reliable system.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":" 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120829331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhoubing Xiong, Z. Song, A. Scalera, F. Sottile, R. Tomasi, M. Spirito
Joint utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies is gathering increasing attention within the Internet of Things (IoT) community due to the potential of providing pervasive context-aware applications with advantages from both worlds. While WSN system can in fact provide more sophisticated sensing, communication and processing capabilities, the possibility to passively perform detection of tags and the use of unique RFID identifiers provides IoT systems with several advantages, especially concerning maintenance, such advantages are considered especially beneficial in large-scale scenarios where thousands of nodes must be simultaneously deployed over wide areas. WSN-RFID convergence is considered especially promising in context-aware systems with indoor positioning capabilities, where data from already deployed WSN and RFID systems can be opportunistically exploited to refine and enhance collected data with position information. This paper discusses and evaluates a hybrid system where WSN and RFID technology have been integrated to support an indoor positioning service, feeding position information into a general-purpose IoT environment. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated by means of simulations and a small-scale experimental set-up. The performed analysis suggest that joint use of RFID and WSN can increase the robustness and accuracy of indoor positioning systems also in harsh propagation conditions.
{"title":"Enhancing WSN-Based Indoor Positioning and Tracking through RFID Technology","authors":"Zhoubing Xiong, Z. Song, A. Scalera, F. Sottile, R. Tomasi, M. Spirito","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.26","url":null,"abstract":"Joint utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies is gathering increasing attention within the Internet of Things (IoT) community due to the potential of providing pervasive context-aware applications with advantages from both worlds. While WSN system can in fact provide more sophisticated sensing, communication and processing capabilities, the possibility to passively perform detection of tags and the use of unique RFID identifiers provides IoT systems with several advantages, especially concerning maintenance, such advantages are considered especially beneficial in large-scale scenarios where thousands of nodes must be simultaneously deployed over wide areas. WSN-RFID convergence is considered especially promising in context-aware systems with indoor positioning capabilities, where data from already deployed WSN and RFID systems can be opportunistically exploited to refine and enhance collected data with position information. This paper discusses and evaluates a hybrid system where WSN and RFID technology have been integrated to support an indoor positioning service, feeding position information into a general-purpose IoT environment. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated by means of simulations and a small-scale experimental set-up. The performed analysis suggest that joint use of RFID and WSN can increase the robustness and accuracy of indoor positioning systems also in harsh propagation conditions.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114390564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dusek, V. Derbek, A. Povalac, J. Sebesta, R. Maršálek
This paper describes a software defined radio system for measurements of minimum activation power and backscatter power of UHF RFID tags. We propose a platform for performance testing of tags, which is based on a general purpose universal software radio peripheral (USRP) and optimized for operation in the frequency band from 700 MHz to 1100 MHz at the output power of 2 W ERP. The presented HW and SW stack extends the standard library of USRP with RFID specific functions, an interface to LabVIEW, and by a top level LabVIEW code for automated testing.
{"title":"Hardware and Software Stack for an SDR-Based RFID Test Platform","authors":"M. Dusek, V. Derbek, A. Povalac, J. Sebesta, R. Maršálek","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a software defined radio system for measurements of minimum activation power and backscatter power of UHF RFID tags. We propose a platform for performance testing of tags, which is based on a general purpose universal software radio peripheral (USRP) and optimized for operation in the frequency band from 700 MHz to 1100 MHz at the output power of 2 W ERP. The presented HW and SW stack extends the standard library of USRP with RFID specific functions, an interface to LabVIEW, and by a top level LabVIEW code for automated testing.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134288050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Menghin, N. Druml, C. Steger, R. Weiss, H. Bock, J. Haid
Near Field Communication (NFC) in mobile devices like smart phones shows potential for applications like payment, identification, etc. Unfortunately the needed functionality increases the battery drain of the device. As a countermeasure power-management techniques are implemented. However, these techniques commonly don't control the power transfer to the tag to prevent wasting energy. To adapt this transfer during run-time the properties of the reader, tag and the physical relation between them are needed. This paper proposes a method called PTF-Determinator. It determines the Power Transfer Function (PTF) during run-time and scales the provided power transfer accordingly to save energy. As a case study the PTF-Determinator is integrated into the tag-detection algorithm. Investigations are made regarding the power consumptions and timings through simulation and measurement on a development platform for mobile phones. The results show that 12% of the energy can be saved on average.
{"title":"The PTF-Determinator: A Run-Time Method Used to Save Energy in NFC-Systems","authors":"M. Menghin, N. Druml, C. Steger, R. Weiss, H. Bock, J. Haid","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.12","url":null,"abstract":"Near Field Communication (NFC) in mobile devices like smart phones shows potential for applications like payment, identification, etc. Unfortunately the needed functionality increases the battery drain of the device. As a countermeasure power-management techniques are implemented. However, these techniques commonly don't control the power transfer to the tag to prevent wasting energy. To adapt this transfer during run-time the properties of the reader, tag and the physical relation between them are needed. This paper proposes a method called PTF-Determinator. It determines the Power Transfer Function (PTF) during run-time and scales the provided power transfer accordingly to save energy. As a case study the PTF-Determinator is integrated into the tag-detection algorithm. Investigations are made regarding the power consumptions and timings through simulation and measurement on a development platform for mobile phones. The results show that 12% of the energy can be saved on average.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115565712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mayordomo, N. van der Heyd, T. Drager, J. Bernhard
Wireless power transmission (WPT) can be used to enable full embedding of sensor systems and thus remove the need for wired connections and batteries. In this paper a WPT system based on inductive coupling at 125 kHz is presented. The main design considerations that must be taken into account when designing such a system will be presented. This includes the design of the power transmitter and the power receiver as well as the fabrication of proper antennas. The proposed system architecture has been completely implemented and measurements have been carried out for validation. It is demonstrated that the fabricated system achieves a wireless transmission of 10.4 W at a 5 cm distance with 69 percent efficiency and 7.9 W at 10 cm distance with 30 percent efficiency. In order to facilitate the integration of the wireless system, a new version of the antennas and the PCB have been fabricated. Two different prototypes are built with two different antenna coil thickness's. The obtained results corroborate the importance of the selected wire resistivity, since 5.9 W and 9.5 W are obtained for 0.5 mm and 1 mm thickness respectively at a 5 cm distance. A first prototype has also been fabricated to prove that the WPT electronics can be successfully embedded into the composite.
{"title":"Development of a Wireless Power Transmission System for Embedded Passive Sensors Using LF RFID Technology","authors":"I. Mayordomo, N. van der Heyd, T. Drager, J. Bernhard","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.20","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless power transmission (WPT) can be used to enable full embedding of sensor systems and thus remove the need for wired connections and batteries. In this paper a WPT system based on inductive coupling at 125 kHz is presented. The main design considerations that must be taken into account when designing such a system will be presented. This includes the design of the power transmitter and the power receiver as well as the fabrication of proper antennas. The proposed system architecture has been completely implemented and measurements have been carried out for validation. It is demonstrated that the fabricated system achieves a wireless transmission of 10.4 W at a 5 cm distance with 69 percent efficiency and 7.9 W at 10 cm distance with 30 percent efficiency. In order to facilitate the integration of the wireless system, a new version of the antennas and the PCB have been fabricated. Two different prototypes are built with two different antenna coil thickness's. The obtained results corroborate the importance of the selected wire resistivity, since 5.9 W and 9.5 W are obtained for 0.5 mm and 1 mm thickness respectively at a 5 cm distance. A first prototype has also been fabricated to prove that the WPT electronics can be successfully embedded into the composite.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129567054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Benelli, A. Pozzebon, D. Bertoni, Giovanni Sarti, P. Ciavola, E. Grottoli
In this paper we provide the results of a two months experimentation of Low Frequency RFID technology for the sediments tracking on a beach close to Ancona, Italy. For this experimentation, cylinder glass tags were used, modifying a previous solution based on the use of plastic disc tags. While the use of Low Frequency RFID as a technology to monitor the movements of sediments under and outside water on beaches subject to high coastal erosion phenomenons was already been tested before and described in previous papers, the use of glass tags was not introduced until this last experimentation due to the fragile nature of these devices that discouraged from their use. Anyway, their use was finally encouraged from the goods results obtained from laboratory test concerning their reading range and their ease of use. The results provided in this paper show that cylinder glass tags are probably the best solution for the tracking of pebbles movements.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Performances of Low Frequency Cylinder Glass Tags for the Underwater Tracking of Pebbles on a Natural Beach","authors":"G. Benelli, A. Pozzebon, D. Bertoni, Giovanni Sarti, P. Ciavola, E. Grottoli","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2012.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2012.30","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we provide the results of a two months experimentation of Low Frequency RFID technology for the sediments tracking on a beach close to Ancona, Italy. For this experimentation, cylinder glass tags were used, modifying a previous solution based on the use of plastic disc tags. While the use of Low Frequency RFID as a technology to monitor the movements of sediments under and outside water on beaches subject to high coastal erosion phenomenons was already been tested before and described in previous papers, the use of glass tags was not introduced until this last experimentation due to the fragile nature of these devices that discouraged from their use. Anyway, their use was finally encouraged from the goods results obtained from laboratory test concerning their reading range and their ease of use. The results provided in this paper show that cylinder glass tags are probably the best solution for the tracking of pebbles movements.","PeriodicalId":196995,"journal":{"name":"2012 Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116961725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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