Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0454
C. Welzel
{"title":"Culture and Regimes: The Democratizing Force of Emancipative Values","authors":"C. Welzel","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130893418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0456
Céline Teney, E. Deutschmann
{"title":"Transnational Social Practices: A Quantitative Perspective","authors":"Céline Teney, E. Deutschmann","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114683011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0465
M. Ramos, M. Hewstone
{"title":"The Good, the Bad, and the Long‐Term Implications of Social Diversity","authors":"M. Ramos, M. Hewstone","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124844164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0459
H. Rauhut, Fabian Winter, David Johann
Scientific authorship has become a hot topic in the social sciences. We present three avenues addressing this topic from different perspectives to illustrate in which direction research on inequalities in the context of scientific authorship and academic publications may move. We draw on data from the Web of Science focusing on the field of sociology. We demonstrate that (i) the alphabetical order of co‐authors' names sends out an ambiguous signal about the actual contributions of each team member, (ii) attention is increasingly paid to a few contributions that are widely cited, and (iii) well‐connected authors tend to work together. In short, this essay suggests a rise in authorship inequalities regarding the attention authors and their articles receive. Sociology and related social sciences are arguably developing into academic winner‐take‐all markets.
科学作者身份已成为社会科学领域的一个热门话题。我们提出了从不同角度解决这一问题的三种途径，以说明在科学作者身份和学术出版物背景下对不平等的研究可能会朝着哪个方向发展。我们从关注社会学领域的Web of Science中获取数据。我们证明:(1)合作作者姓名的字母顺序对每个团队成员的实际贡献发出了一个模糊的信号，(2)人们越来越关注被广泛引用的少数贡献，(3)关系良好的作者倾向于合作。简而言之，这篇文章表明作者身份不平等的上升，关于作者和他们的文章收到的关注。可以说，社会学和相关社会科学正在发展成学术上的赢家通吃市场。
{"title":"Does the Winner Take it All? Increasing Inequality in Scientific Authorship","authors":"H. Rauhut, Fabian Winter, David Johann","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0459","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific authorship has become a hot topic in the social sciences. We present three avenues addressing this topic from different perspectives to illustrate in which direction research on inequalities in the context of scientific authorship and academic publications may move. We draw on data from the Web of Science focusing on the field of sociology. We demonstrate that (i) the alphabetical order of co‐authors' names sends out an ambiguous signal about the actual contributions of each team member, (ii) attention is increasingly paid to a few contributions that are widely cited, and (iii) well‐connected authors tend to work together. In short, this essay suggests a rise in authorship inequalities regarding the attention authors and their articles receive. Sociology and related social sciences are arguably developing into academic winner‐take‐all markets.","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124571454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0455
G. Grote
Managing uncertainty is a crucial task for organizations. This essay argues that uncertainty management should not only be understood in terms of reducing externally generated uncertainty, as previous research has predominantly done, but should also consider internal uncertainty creation. Evidence from extant research illustrates how this expanded perspective is better able to capture the paradoxical tensions inherent in uncertainty management. A multilevel approach is proposed as processes of reducing and creating uncertainty simultaneously happen and create complementarities across levels of analysis. Major theoretical frameworks, such as self-regulation, decision-making under uncertainty, contingency theory, and organizational control, will benefit from adopting such an expanded perspective because their explanatory power is currently limited due to the one-sided view of uncertainty as an external threat to individual, team, and organizational goal-striving.
{"title":"Managing Uncertainty in Work Organizations","authors":"G. Grote","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0455","url":null,"abstract":"Managing uncertainty is a crucial task for organizations. This essay argues that uncertainty management should not only be understood in terms of reducing externally generated uncertainty, as previous research has predominantly done, but should also consider internal uncertainty creation. Evidence from extant research illustrates how this expanded perspective is better able to capture the paradoxical tensions inherent in uncertainty management. A multilevel approach is proposed as processes of reducing and creating uncertainty simultaneously happen and create complementarities across levels of analysis. Major theoretical frameworks, such as self-regulation, decision-making under uncertainty, contingency theory, and organizational control, will benefit from adopting such an expanded perspective because their explanatory power is currently limited due to the one-sided view of uncertainty as an external threat to individual, team, and organizational goal-striving.","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127052810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0461
E. Smyth
{"title":"Gender and School‐to‐Work Transitions Research","authors":"E. Smyth","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125670022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0464
Justin J. W. Powell
{"title":"Higher Education and the Exponential Rise of Science: Competition and Collaboration","authors":"Justin J. W. Powell","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125065633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0460
Maryam Kia-Keating, Sabrina R. Liu, Ginette M. Sims
{"title":"Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Refugee Youth in Resettlement","authors":"Maryam Kia-Keating, Sabrina R. Liu, Ginette M. Sims","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126292677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0458
V. Brandstätter
Goals shape our personal identities, structure our everyday lives, regulate our behavior, and thus are in fact one of the most important sources of performance and well‐being. Successful goal striving unfolds between tenacious persistence on the one hand and timely disengagement on the other when a goal has become futile and too costly. Disengagement from goals is often difficult, however. Issues of unproductive persistence and (unsuccessful) goal disengagement have, for a long time, been addressed primarily in the realm of monetary decision‐making (escalation of commitment). In the more recent past, research on personal goals has devoted attention to issues of goal disengagement, doing so from two different research perspectives (individual differences approach, process‐oriented approach). This essay gives an overview of traditional and current research on goal disengagement with its practical implications for the individual but also on a societal level, and outlines promising lines of research addressing fundamental questions still unanswered.
{"title":"Holding On or Letting Go? Persistence and Disengagement in Goal Striving","authors":"V. Brandstätter","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0458","url":null,"abstract":"Goals shape our personal identities, structure our everyday lives, regulate our behavior, and thus are in fact one of the most important sources of performance and well‐being. Successful goal striving unfolds between tenacious persistence on the one hand and timely disengagement on the other when a goal has become futile and too costly. Disengagement from goals is often difficult, however. Issues of unproductive persistence and (unsuccessful) goal disengagement have, for a long time, been addressed primarily in the realm of monetary decision‐making (escalation of commitment). In the more recent past, research on personal goals has devoted attention to issues of goal disengagement, doing so from two different research perspectives (individual differences approach, process‐oriented approach). This essay gives an overview of traditional and current research on goal disengagement with its practical implications for the individual but also on a societal level, and outlines promising lines of research addressing fundamental questions still unanswered.","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131070456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0463
Christoph Stadtfeld
{"title":"The Micro–Macro Link in Social Networks","authors":"Christoph Stadtfeld","doi":"10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197041,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128490918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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