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The Process of Racial Resegregation in Housing and Schools: The Sociology of Reputation 住房和学校种族再隔离的过程:声誉社会学
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0457
A. Wells
The United States has a long history of racial and ethnic segregation in housing patterns and public school enrollment as well as efforts to dismantle this segregation. This essay discusses what we have learned in the United States about how difficult it is to halt the patterns of housing and school segregation even as our nation becomes more diverse, racial attitudes are reportedly improving, and the twentieth century urban-suburban racial distinctions disappear. To explain the process of resegregation that occurs repeatedly, the author developed a new interdisciplinary framework to foster a deeper understanding of how racialized perceptions of places or neighborhoods and the schools embedded within them perpetuates segregation despite changing demographics, attitudes and metro migrations across urban-suburban lines. The sociology of reputation, the bias of crowds, and the choices of home buyers with the most capital amid the existing separate and unequal structures are the bodies of research the author draws upon to help us see familiar segregation patterns anew. EXISTING RESEARCH ON SEGREGATION AND WHAT IS MISSING Most research on racial segregation in housing and schools within the United States examines the degree and outcomes of racial segregation (Massey & Denton, 1993; Wells and Frankenberg, 2007) or school and housing choices that often result in increased racial and socioeconomic segregation as more affluent and white parents use powerful social networks to guide their preferences (Holme, 2002; Wells et al., 2014). While both lines of inquiry are important, what has been missing in the literature is an exploration of the reinforcing relationship between the individual choices and the segregated places and schools. In other words, rather than thinking of the housing and school choice process as a way those with the most options—namely affluent Whites—make individual decisions with input from their networks, Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Robert A. Scott and Marlis Buchmann (General Editors) with Stephen Kosslyn (Consulting Editor). © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-1-118-90077-2.
美国在住房模式和公立学校招生方面有着悠久的种族和民族隔离历史，同时也在努力消除这种隔离。这篇文章讨论了我们在美国学到的东西，即即使我们的国家变得更加多样化，据报道种族态度正在改善，20世纪城市和郊区的种族差异消失，要制止住房和学校的种族隔离模式是多么困难。为了解释反复发生的再种族隔离的过程，作者开发了一个新的跨学科框架，以促进对地方或社区以及嵌入其中的学校的种族化观念如何使种族隔离永久化的理解，尽管人口结构、态度和城市-郊区线的地铁移民不断变化。声誉社会学、群体偏见、以及在现存的分离和不平等的结构中拥有最多资本的购房者的选择，都是作者用来帮助我们重新认识熟悉的隔离模式的研究主体。大多数关于美国住房和学校种族隔离的研究都考察了种族隔离的程度和结果(Massey & Denton, 1993;Wells和Frankenberg, 2007)或学校和住房的选择往往导致种族和社会经济隔离加剧，因为更富裕的白人父母使用强大的社会网络来指导他们的偏好(Holme, 2002;Wells et al.， 2014)。虽然这两方面的研究都很重要，但文献中缺少的是对个人选择与隔离场所和学校之间不断加强的关系的探索。换句话说，与其把住房和学校的选择过程看作是那些拥有最多选择的人——即富裕的白人——根据他们的网络输入做出个人决定的方式，不如把它看作是社会和行为科学的新兴趋势。Robert A. Scott和Marlis Buchmann(总编辑)与Stephen Kosslyn(咨询编辑)。©2018 John Wiley & Sons, IncISBN 978-1-118-90077-2。
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引用次数: 5
Demography and Social Inequality 人口与社会不平等
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0452
A. Fasang
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引用次数: 1
The Diffusion of Scientific Innovations: Arguments for an Integrated Approach 科学创新的传播:综合方法的论证
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0462
Catherine Herfeld, Malte Doehne
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引用次数: 0
Self‐Regulation in the First 3 Years of Life: A Key to Predict Successful Development? 生命前3年的自我调节:预测成功发展的关键?
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0453
S. Pauen, W. F. Evers
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引用次数: 1
Diverse Family Forms and Children's Well‐Being 不同的家庭形式与儿童的幸福
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0449
Brian Powell, Jaclyn A. Tabor, Lisa R. Miller
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引用次数: 1
Democracy that Excludes: Persistent Inequalities and the Future of Democratic Governance 排斥的民主:持续的不平等和民主治理的未来
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0445
N. Kelly, Jana Morgan
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引用次数: 1
Emerging Trends in the Political Economy of Taxation 税收政治经济学的新趋势
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0446
E. Kiser, Steven M. Karceski
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引用次数: 0
Religion and Nationalism 宗教与民族主义
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0448
Atalia Omer
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引用次数: 0
The Transnationalized Social Question: Migration and Social Inequalities 跨国社会问题:移民和社会不平等
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0451
Thomas Faist
The social question is back. Yet, today’s social question is not primarily be‐ tween labor and capital, as it was in the nineteenth century and throughout much of the twentieth. The contemporary social question is located at the interstices between the global South and the global North. It finds its expres‐ sion in movements of people, seeking a better life or fleeing unsustainable social, political, economic, and ecological conditions. It is transnationalized because migrants and their significant others entertain ties across the borders of national states in transnational social spaces; because of the cross‐border diffusion of norms; and because there are implications of migration for social inequalities between North and South, and within national states. In earlier periods, class differences dominated political conflicts, and while class has always been criss‐crossed by manifold heterogeneities, not least of all cultur‐ al ones around ethnicity, religion, and language, it is these latter heterogenei‐ ties that have sharpened over the past decades. This contribution thus consti‐ tutes cross‐border migration as a strategic research site for the contemporary social question.
社会问题又回来了。然而，今天的社会问题并不像19世纪和20世纪的大部分时间那样，主要是劳动力和资本之间的问题。当代社会问题位于全球南方和全球北方之间的间隙。它表现在人们寻求更好生活或逃离不可持续的社会、政治、经济和生态状况的流动中。它是跨国的，因为移民和他们的重要他人在跨国社会空间中跨越民族国家的边界;因为规范的跨界扩散;也因为移民会导致南北之间以及民族国家内部的社会不平等。在早期，阶级差异主导着政治冲突，而阶级总是被各种各样的异质性所交叉，尤其是围绕种族、宗教和语言的所有文化异质性，正是这些异质性在过去的几十年里变得更加尖锐。因此，这一贡献构成了跨境移民作为当代社会问题的战略研究场所。
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引用次数: 0
Urban Data Science 城市数据科学
Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/9781118900772.ETRDS0450
Tina W. Law, Joscha Legewie
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引用次数: 5
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