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Retrospective study of dystocia in dairy cows in SaesieTsaeda–Emba district, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东提格雷SaesieTsaeda-Emba地区奶牛难产的回顾性研究
Pub Date : 2018-07-24 DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00103
G. Yohannes, A. Tesfay, A. Tesfay
A retrospective study was conducted from November, 2016 to April, 2017 in Saesie Tsaeda-Emba District, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia with objectives of prevalence of dystocia occurrence and its associated risk factors in Saesie Tsaeda-Emba District. In the present study, 60 dairy cows were examined for determining of dystocia. Out of the 60 dairy cows examined, 38(63.3%) dairy cows were found to have dystocia. Out of the 38 dairy cows found problems with dystocia, 4(10.5%) were local, 23(60.5%) were cross and 11(28.9%) were exotic breed of cows. This result showed dystocia was higher in cross breed of cows when compared with local and exotic breed of dairy cows. 8(21%) of the dairy cows with dystocia were in natural mated, 28(73.7%) were in artificial inseminated and the rest 2(5.3%) were in both natural mated and artificial inseminated. This result indicated dystocia was higher in dairy cows with artificial inseminated 28(73.7%) when compared to natural mated 8(21%). 30(78.9%) of the dairy cows with dystocia were in first calving and 8(21%) were in second calving. This result revealed dystocia was higher in dairy cows with first calving. 20(52.6%) of the dairy cows found to have dystocia were delivered male claves whereas 18(47.4%) were female calves. This result showed dystocia with male calves were higher when compared dystocia with female claves. 9(15%) of the dystocia were caused by fetal, 16(26.7%) of the dystocia were caused by maternal, 13(21.7%) were caused by others and 22(36.7%) were unknown their causes. This result revealed dystocia was more caused by maternal problems when compared to fetal and other problems. Awareness creation to farm owners, attendants and improved management such as, proper feeding, accurate heat detection, considering the size of sir and dam while using artificial insemination, and health management should be improved to minimize the occurrence of dystocia and associated economic losses in the dairy farms of the area.
本研究于2016年11月至2017年4月在埃塞俄比亚东提格雷Saesie Tsaeda-Emba地区进行回顾性研究,目的是了解Saesie Tsaeda-Emba地区难产发生率及其相关危险因素。本研究对60头奶牛进行了难产检查。60头奶牛中有38头(63.3%)出现难产。38头难产奶牛中,本地奶牛4头(10.5%),杂交奶牛23头(60.5%),外来奶牛11头(28.9%)。结果表明,与本地和外来品种奶牛相比,杂交奶牛难产率较高。自然交配难产奶牛8头(21%),人工授精奶牛28头(73.7%),自然交配和人工授精奶牛2头(5.3%)。结果表明,人工授精28号奶牛难产率(73.7%)高于自然交配8号奶牛(21%)。难产奶牛中30头(78.9%)产犊,8头(21%)产犊。结果表明,首次产犊的奶牛难产率较高。发现难产的奶牛中有20头(52.6%)为雄犊,18头(47.4%)为雌犊。结果表明,与雌性犊牛相比,雄性犊牛的难产率更高。胎儿所致难产9例(15%),母体所致难产16例(26.7%),其他原因所致13例(21.7%),原因不明22例(36.7%)。结果显示,与胎儿及其他因素相比,母体因素更多地导致难产。提高养殖场业主和管理人员的意识,改善管理,如正确喂养,准确的热检测,在使用人工授精时考虑sir和dam的大小,以及改善健康管理,以尽量减少该地区奶牛场难产的发生和相关的经济损失。
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引用次数: 3
Orcas are social mammals 逆戟鲸是群居哺乳动物
Pub Date : 2018-07-16 DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00101
Marina Kachar, E. Sawosz, A. Chwalibog
After humans, orcas ( Orcinus orcas ) are the most widely distributed mammals on Earth. 1 They are incredibly effective predators, commonly referred to as ‘wolves of the sea.’ 2 Although they are frequently dubbed killer whales, they are actually the largest member of the oceanic dolphin family ( Delphinidae ). 3 Given that they are well–adapted to any climate, they can be found in numerous aquatic locations 4 including the Antarctic and Arctic regions as well as in tropical areas. 5 They are unrivaled oceanic apex predators, possessing a number of qualities that suggest considerable intelligence. 6 Following the sperm whale, orcas have the second largest brain of all oceanic mammals. 7 Moreover, their highly evolved communication manners, usage of echolocation and compelling sleep patterns all attest to the impressiveness of this group of marine mammals. However, they need to be recognized and accepted as outstanding social creatures that can coexist with humans.
逆戟鲸(Orcinus orcas)是仅次于人类的地球上分布最广泛的哺乳动物,它们是非常有效的掠食者,通常被称为“海洋之狼”。虽然它们经常被称为虎鲸,但它们实际上是海洋海豚家族(海豚科)中最大的成员。由于它们能很好地适应任何气候,因此在许多水生地区都能找到它们,包括南极和北极地区以及热带地区。它们是无与伦比的海洋顶端食肉动物,具有许多表明它们相当聪明的品质。在所有海洋哺乳动物中,逆戟鲸的大脑仅次于抹香鲸。此外,它们高度进化的交流方式、回声定位的使用和引人注目的睡眠模式都证明了这群海洋哺乳动物令人印象深刻。但是,它们是可以与人类共存的优秀的社会生物,需要得到认可和接受。
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引用次数: 1
Attitudes of local people towards the Guassa Community Eco-Lodge in Menz-Gera Midir District, North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚北谢瓦行政区Menz-Gera Midir区当地居民对Guassa社区生态小屋的态度
Pub Date : 2018-07-12 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00100
S. Tadesse, D. Teketay
In recent decades, several eco–lodges have been established in biodiversity rich areas of Ethiopia. For example, plenty of eco–lodges were built in Amhara, Oromia and Southern Nation, Nationalities and People’s National Regional States. Most eco–lodges are primarily established and managed to provide visiting tourists with various facilities, such as bed rooms, restaurants, transport services (e.g. boats, horses, and mules), camping sites, natural picnic areas and guiding service to trek on foot and ride on horse/mule backs.1 In return, eco–lodge owners charge the tourists and collect revenue for the facilities they have rendered. The federal and the respective regional governments also earn money by collecting taxes from the owners of the eco–lodges. In addition, eco–lodges create job opportunities to the local people because the eco–lodge owners hire both permanent and temporary workers. Local people can also earn money by providing guiding services or selling souvenirs to the arriving tourists.2 Most of the times, as eco–lodges are built from environmentally friendly, economically feasible and socially acceptable local materials, we argue that eco–lodges contribute to the conservation of the local biodiversity.3–6 As biodiversity is one of the top most attractions to tourists, eco–lodges conserve the local biodiversity from human and livestock induced disturbances. For example, when natural plants existing in the compounds of eco–lodges are reasonably protected from illegal human– and livestock–induced encroachments, they attract plenty of wild mammal and bird species from the adjacent open fields. This is because they provide the incoming wild mammal and bird species with quality food,7,8 suitable cover from environmental extremes,9 breeding sites10 and concealment from risk of predation.11 Therefore, to maintain the long term survival of our natural ecosystems, eco–lodges play a central role in local biodiversity conservation.2–6 We also illustrated how eco–lodges are linked with biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development in Figure 1.
近几十年来,在埃塞俄比亚生物多样性丰富的地区建立了几个生态小屋。例如,在阿姆哈拉、奥罗米亚和南方民族、民族和人民民族地区国家建造了大量的生态小屋。大多数生态小屋的建立和管理主要是为来访的游客提供各种设施,如卧室、餐馆、交通服务(如船、马和骡子)、露营地、自然野餐区以及徒步旅行和骑在马/骡子背上的指导服务作为回报,生态小屋的主人向游客收费,并为他们提供的设施收取收入。联邦政府和相应的地方政府也通过向生态小屋的所有者征税来赚钱。此外,生态小屋为当地人创造了就业机会,因为生态小屋的主人既雇佣了长期工人,也雇佣了临时工。当地人也可以通过提供导游服务或向到达的游客出售纪念品来赚钱大多数情况下,由于生态小屋采用环保、经济可行和社会可接受的当地材料建造,我们认为生态小屋有助于保护当地的生物多样性。3-6由于生物多样性是最吸引游客的地方之一,生态小屋保护当地的生物多样性免受人类和牲畜的干扰。例如,当生态小屋内的天然植物受到合理的保护,不受人类和牲畜的非法侵犯时,它们就会吸引大量野生哺乳动物和鸟类从邻近的开阔田野来到这里。这是因为它们为外来的野生哺乳动物和鸟类提供了优质的食物,为它们提供了躲避极端环境的适宜场所,为它们提供了繁殖地,还为它们提供了躲避捕食危险的地方因此,为了维持自然生态系统的长期生存,生态小屋在当地生物多样性保护中发挥着核心作用。2-6我们还在图1中说明了生态小屋如何与生物多样性保护和社会经济发展联系起来。
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引用次数: 2
Factors affecting nest site selection of Milvus migrans govinda (Pariah kite), in and around AMU campus, Aligarh 影响阿利格尔大学校园内及周边地区褐翅大迁徙鸟筑巢地点选择的因素
Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00099
Amee V. Mehta, O. Ilyas
Natural selection favors individuals that choose resources that enhance breeding success, which maintains the population but limited availability of such resources can limit the number of individuals that breed. In a given species, nest site quality varies in space and time at different scales due to different environmental factors affecting reproductive success.4 Other environmental factors, besides nest site characteristics, which can have a strong influence on reproductive success is food availability.
自然选择倾向于选择能够提高繁殖成功率的资源的个体,这可以维持种群,但这种资源的有限可用性会限制繁殖个体的数量。在同一物种中,由于影响繁殖成功的环境因素不同,巢地质量在不同尺度上存在时空差异除了巢址特征外,其他对繁殖成功有重要影响的环境因素是食物的可获得性。
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引用次数: 1
Micrometrical studies on the gizzard of Kadaknath fowl 卡达克纳特鸡砂囊的显微测量研究
Pub Date : 2018-07-02 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00097
Sukanta Das, Dhote Bs, S. Sinha
Kadaknath is a famous Indian poultry breed and pride of Madhya Pradesh. It is also known as “Kala Masi” because of the black color meat, skin, tongue, beak, legs and intestines. So it requires a continuous research to add scientific inputs. Digestive system is vital which needs to be explored starting from its basic structural peculiarities and as there is paucity of literature pertaining to the micrometrical studies of gizzard of Kadaknath breed of fowl. Therefore, this study was embarked to act as base line data for this breed for further research.
Kadaknath是印度著名的家禽品种,也是中央邦的骄傲。由于它的肉、皮、舌、喙、腿和肠都是黑色的,所以也被称为“Kala Masi”。因此,它需要持续的研究来增加科学投入。消化系统是至关重要的,需要从其基本结构特性开始探索,因为缺乏有关Kadaknath品种家禽砂囊的微观研究的文献。因此,本研究开始作为该品种进一步研究的基线数据。
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引用次数: 3
Challenges of wildlife with therapeutic properties in Nigeria; a conservation perspective 尼日利亚治疗性野生动物面临的挑战;保护的观点
Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00096
Sylvester Chibueze Izah, E. Seiyaboh
Traditional medicine practitioners typically use ecosystem resources for the treatment of several types of diseases. Plants and animals have been widely employed to these effects. For instance, authors have variously reported that medicinal plants as plant whose different parts (leaves, fruits, flower, roots, stem etc) have pharmacological properties.3–9 In addition, several parts of animals are used for the treatment of some disease conditions. The use of plants and animals parts for managing diseases has the tendency to reduce the dependency on modern medicine for certain disease conditions. According to Djagoun et al.,10 the use of animals with therapeutic potentials has socioeconomic and cultural importance and could lead to reduction in number of populace that patronizes modern medicine.
传统医学从业者通常利用生态系统资源来治疗几种疾病。植物和动物已被广泛用于这些效果。例如,作者曾多次报道药用植物是指其不同部位(叶、果实、花、根、茎等)具有药理特性的植物。此外,动物的几个部位被用来治疗一些疾病。利用植物和动物的器官来治疗疾病,有减少对现代医学治疗某些疾病的依赖的趋势。根据Djagoun等人的说法,10使用具有治疗潜力的动物具有社会经济和文化重要性,并可能导致光顾现代医学的人口数量减少。
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引用次数: 14
Relative abundance and status of water birds in Taungthaman lake, Mandalay, Myanmar 缅甸曼德勒Taungthaman湖水鸟相对丰度及现状
Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00104
N. Lwin, Arthur M. Saw, T. Zin.
Birds are sensitive indicators of pollutions in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.1 They are among the best monitors of environmental changes.2 In ecology, they are of tremendous importance because of their key roles as pollinators and agents of seed dispersal.3 Habitats also change seasonally and over a period of years as successional change proceeds in a plant community. The geographic location of different habitats shifts as the climate changes.4
鸟类是陆地和水生生态系统污染的敏感指示器它们是环境变化的最佳监测者之一在生态学中,由于它们作为传粉者和种子传播媒介的关键作用,它们具有巨大的重要性随着植物群落的演替变化,生境也会随着季节和年份的变化而变化。不同栖息地的地理位置随着气候的变化而变化
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引用次数: 4
Tissue depletion of doxycycline after its oral administration in food producing chicken for fattening 口服强力霉素对育肥鸡组织损耗的影响
Pub Date : 2018-06-29 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00095
N. Mestorino, P. Zeinsteger, A. Buchamer, Daniel Buldain, F. Aliverti, L. Marchetti
Poultry production in Argentina has grown during last years because of an increase in consumption of poultry and poultry products. Chicken consumption increased from 20 kg/person/year in 2000 to 44 kg for the last years.1 Due to the increase in demand of animal protein in population’s diet, important investments were implemented in the poultry sector by means of technological improvements, genetics, animal welfare, health and nutrition, which in turn contributed to the development and intensification of this activity. For this reason, activities related to poultry production are betting to include new technologies, extreme quality and sanitary controls. An example of this is the control of residues and contaminants that exceed those values allowed in the meat made by national inspection bodies in order to take care on behalf of consumer health, to punish the noncompliance of current regulations and to maintain a free market to export products produced in Argentina.
由于家禽和家禽产品消费的增加,阿根廷的家禽生产在过去几年中有所增长。鸡肉消费量从2000年的20公斤/人/年增加到去年的44公斤/人/年由于人口饮食中对动物蛋白的需求增加,通过技术改进、遗传、动物福利、健康和营养,在家禽部门进行了重要投资,这反过来又促进了这一活动的发展和加强。因此,与家禽生产有关的活动将包括新技术、严格的质量和卫生控制。这方面的一个例子是控制国家检查机构生产的肉类中超过允许值的残留物和污染物,以照顾消费者的健康,惩罚不遵守现行法规的行为,并维持阿根廷生产的出口产品的自由市场。
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引用次数: 5
Wildlife tracking with latest electronic technology 用最新的电子技术追踪野生动物
Pub Date : 2018-06-12 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00093
Jorawar Singh, B. Bais
Recent technologies have helped solve the matter of untamed life following. Some electronic tags provide off signals that are picked up by radio devices or satellites whereas alternative electronic tags may embody deposit tags.2 Scientists will track the movement and locations of the labeled animals. These electronic tags will offer a good deal of information. Also, owing to their size and weight, electronic tags could produce drag on some animals, fastness them down. However, they’re costlier than the low–tech tags that are not electronic.
最近的技术帮助解决了未驯服的生命跟随的问题。一些电子标签提供由无线电设备或卫星接收的信号,而另一些电子标签可能包含存款标签科学家将追踪这些被贴上标签的动物的运动和位置。这些电子标签将提供大量的信息。此外,由于它们的大小和重量,电子标签可能会对一些动物产生拖累,使它们无法动弹。然而,它们比非电子的低技术标签更昂贵。
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引用次数: 2
A redescription of pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann) (Pseudoscorpiones; Chernetidae)
Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.03.00092
M. Nassirkhani
The genus Pselaphochernes Beier, 1932 currently contains 17 species, of which only two species were found in Iran: Pselaphochernes anachoreta (Simon, 1878) reported from Fars Province-southern Iran by Beier1 and Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804) recorded from Guilan Province-northern Iran by Mahnert.2 In this contribution, P. scorpioides distributing around Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East and Central Asia3 is redescribed and illustrated based on the specimens collected from central north and southern Iran, as new provincial records for the species.
1932年的Pselaphochernes Beier属目前有17种,其中只有两种是在伊朗发现的:Beier1在伊朗南部法尔斯省记录的Pselaphochernes anachoreta (Simon, 1878)和mahnert在伊朗北部吉兰省记录的Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804) .2在此贡献中,根据伊朗中北部和南部收集的标本,重新描述和说明了分布在欧洲、北非和中东和中亚的Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804),作为该物种的新省记录。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology
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