Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2019.04.00155
G. Sokol, T. L. Savchuk, D. V. Larichev, Ta Ribalka, E. Mironenko
Insect’s class is the most numerous, comprising more than 1 million species. Insects have inhabited a variety of terrestrial habitats, soil, fresh water, coastal seas. A large variety of habitats in the terrestrial environment contributed to the speciation and the wide distribution of this large group of arthropods. Most insects benefit as plants pollinators, some of them produce substances (honey, wax, varnish, silk), which are used as food products and raw materials for industry. Through the large biomass and diversity of trophic relations, insects take part in the biosphere circulation of substances, in soil formation processes. Among the insects that do not benefit, there are pests of forest and agricultural crops, carriers of plant, animal and human diseases. For example, potato or Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa, Doryphora, decemlineata Say). It belongs to the tongs family (Crysomelidae), up to 1 sm in length and up to 7 mm in width. Their body is reddish-yellow, elytra light yellow with 5 black longitudinal stripes; there are several black dots on their chest shield, sometimes merging into spots; the apex of thickening antennae and the posterior margin of the head are also black. The potato beetle was discovered and described in 1823 in the Rocky Mountains, where it inhabited and ate at the expense of wild-growing members of the nightshade family (Solaneae); later it switched to the colonists potato plantations. The first devastations produced by it were noticed in 1859 in the state of Colorado hence the name of the beetle.1–6 The Colorado potato beetle causes great damage to the potato crop. Destruction is an important issue. The Colorado potato beetle has a multi-chamber heart. We believe that this is the most vulnerable part of his body. The heartbreak leads to the death of the Colorado potato beetle. This determines the relevance of the chosen topic. The aim of this work was to simulate a multi-chamber system of insect heart, to determine the rigidity of its multi-chamber system and the resonant frequency.
{"title":"Insect heart resonance appearance simulation of Colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa, doryphora, decemlineata say)","authors":"G. Sokol, T. L. Savchuk, D. V. Larichev, Ta Ribalka, E. Mironenko","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2019.04.00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2019.04.00155","url":null,"abstract":"Insect’s class is the most numerous, comprising more than 1 million species. Insects have inhabited a variety of terrestrial habitats, soil, fresh water, coastal seas. A large variety of habitats in the terrestrial environment contributed to the speciation and the wide distribution of this large group of arthropods. Most insects benefit as plants pollinators, some of them produce substances (honey, wax, varnish, silk), which are used as food products and raw materials for industry. Through the large biomass and diversity of trophic relations, insects take part in the biosphere circulation of substances, in soil formation processes. Among the insects that do not benefit, there are pests of forest and agricultural crops, carriers of plant, animal and human diseases. For example, potato or Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa, Doryphora, decemlineata Say). It belongs to the tongs family (Crysomelidae), up to 1 sm in length and up to 7 mm in width. Their body is reddish-yellow, elytra light yellow with 5 black longitudinal stripes; there are several black dots on their chest shield, sometimes merging into spots; the apex of thickening antennae and the posterior margin of the head are also black. The potato beetle was discovered and described in 1823 in the Rocky Mountains, where it inhabited and ate at the expense of wild-growing members of the nightshade family (Solaneae); later it switched to the colonists potato plantations. The first devastations produced by it were noticed in 1859 in the state of Colorado hence the name of the beetle.1–6 The Colorado potato beetle causes great damage to the potato crop. Destruction is an important issue. The Colorado potato beetle has a multi-chamber heart. We believe that this is the most vulnerable part of his body. The heartbreak leads to the death of the Colorado potato beetle. This determines the relevance of the chosen topic. The aim of this work was to simulate a multi-chamber system of insect heart, to determine the rigidity of its multi-chamber system and the resonant frequency.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121265436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2019.04.00154
D. L. Williams
Trichomoniasis, caused by a protozoan parasite, has been known for many years in pigeons and doves and also in birds of prey, but in 2005 it emerged in finches, first causing necrotic ingluvitis, infection of the crop.1 Since then epidemic mortality has occurred every year in the late summer and early autumn in birds visiting garden feeding stations, and particularly in Greenfinches (Chloris chloris). In the first year this disease led to a reduction in greenfinch populations of 35% and in chaffinches of 20% in areas with highest reports of the condition. Before the outbreak these finch species were seen in around 80% of gardens yet in the years following first reports of the disease sightings have halved.2 Now in the UK the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list classifies the breeding greenfinch population as endangered. Spread to Europe seemed to occur in 2008 with the same A1 clonal strain of Trichomonas involved. It appears that year-round feeding of garden birds at stations such as bird tables and congregation of birds at such localities has led to the spread of this condition.3
{"title":"Research in infectious disease in wild birds","authors":"D. L. Williams","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2019.04.00154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2019.04.00154","url":null,"abstract":"Trichomoniasis, caused by a protozoan parasite, has been known for many years in pigeons and doves and also in birds of prey, but in 2005 it emerged in finches, first causing necrotic ingluvitis, infection of the crop.1 Since then epidemic mortality has occurred every year in the late summer and early autumn in birds visiting garden feeding stations, and particularly in Greenfinches (Chloris chloris). In the first year this disease led to a reduction in greenfinch populations of 35% and in chaffinches of 20% in areas with highest reports of the condition. Before the outbreak these finch species were seen in around 80% of gardens yet in the years following first reports of the disease sightings have halved.2 Now in the UK the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list classifies the breeding greenfinch population as endangered. Spread to Europe seemed to occur in 2008 with the same A1 clonal strain of Trichomonas involved. It appears that year-round feeding of garden birds at stations such as bird tables and congregation of birds at such localities has led to the spread of this condition.3","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126444607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00153
A. Odunayo
Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine and relatively undisturbed natural areas intended as a low impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial tourism. It is about creating and satisfying a hunger for nature, about exploiting tourism’s potential for conservation and development and averting its negative impact on ecology, culture and aesthetics. Wildlifebased tourism can be regarded as a type of ecotourism, and is often perceived to be effective in promoting conservation of important species and habitats in developing countries.1 Recent studies across the world has revealed that the number of tourists seeking interactions with wildlife in their natural environment is increasing,2,3 and has led to high revenues generated from wildlife tourism.
{"title":"The level of visitors’ satisfaction in relation to their expectation in Gashaka-Gumti national park, Nigeria","authors":"A. Odunayo","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00153","url":null,"abstract":"Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine and relatively undisturbed natural areas intended as a low impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial tourism. It is about creating and satisfying a hunger for nature, about exploiting tourism’s potential for conservation and development and averting its negative impact on ecology, culture and aesthetics. Wildlifebased tourism can be regarded as a type of ecotourism, and is often perceived to be effective in promoting conservation of important species and habitats in developing countries.1 Recent studies across the world has revealed that the number of tourists seeking interactions with wildlife in their natural environment is increasing,2,3 and has led to high revenues generated from wildlife tourism.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00152
Sudhakara M Reddy, L. V. Reddy, Sirigireddy Sivajothi
Emu farming in India is gaining commercial importance. Report on leg deformities due to hypocalcaemia was scanty for emu birds. Hence, this communication reports investigated effect of calcium levels on emu birds specifically as a cause for leg deformities (Figure 1 &2). Birds were administered with oral calcium preparations (Syrup containing vitamin A, Calcium and Vitamin D3 and vitamin B12) daily twice in drinking water for the period of three months.
{"title":"The role of calcium in development of leg deformities in emu birds (Dromaius novaehollandiae)","authors":"Sudhakara M Reddy, L. V. Reddy, Sirigireddy Sivajothi","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00152","url":null,"abstract":"Emu farming in India is gaining commercial importance. Report on leg deformities due to hypocalcaemia was scanty for emu birds. Hence, this communication reports investigated effect of calcium levels on emu birds specifically as a cause for leg deformities (Figure 1 &2). Birds were administered with oral calcium preparations (Syrup containing vitamin A, Calcium and Vitamin D3 and vitamin B12) daily twice in drinking water for the period of three months.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-04DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00151
S. Tadesse
The probabilities of species colonization and extinction rates of meta-populations on island system could be affected by fraction of islands occupied and size of each island. Meta-population models are relevant to understand the dynamics of endangered species which often persist in highly fragmented landscapes. The objectives of the study were to: (1) determine the meta-population dynamics of the endemic lava heron ( Butoridessundevalli ) on the archipelago island system through estimating the probabilities of colonization and extinction rates; (2) investigate the structure of meta-populations and their trends on the island system by using meta-population models. The results revealed that islands which are large in size showed a source-effect due to their positive internal rate of population growth, lower probabilities of extinction rates, and higher average abundance of population size. However, islands with small size had lower average abundance of population size and relativity lower (negative) internal rate of population growth so that they acted to play a sink-effect. In contrast to the prediction made by meta-population model, the results of the comparison across the twelve islands showed that both the probabilities of colonization and extinction rates of the small sized islands were relatively higher than those islands with large size. However, across time frame comparison showed that the extinction probabilities increased with the increase in fraction of occupied islands though colonization probabilities showed a slight decline when the fraction of occupied islands increased. This suggested that the meta-population structure of the endemic lava heron on the archipelago island system was found to be the combination of source-sink and core-satellite structure. Fraction of islands occupied, and the area of islands had a significant effect to predict the internal rates of population growth and the average abundance of population size for the endemic lava heron on the archipelago island system, respectively.
{"title":"Testing the meta-population structure of the endemic lava heron (Butorides sundevalli) on the archipelago island system","authors":"S. Tadesse","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00151","url":null,"abstract":"The probabilities of species colonization and extinction rates of meta-populations on island system could be affected by fraction of islands occupied and size of each island. Meta-population models are relevant to understand the dynamics of endangered species which often persist in highly fragmented landscapes. The objectives of the study were to: (1) determine the meta-population dynamics of the endemic lava heron ( Butoridessundevalli ) on the archipelago island system through estimating the probabilities of colonization and extinction rates; (2) investigate the structure of meta-populations and their trends on the island system by using meta-population models. The results revealed that islands which are large in size showed a source-effect due to their positive internal rate of population growth, lower probabilities of extinction rates, and higher average abundance of population size. However, islands with small size had lower average abundance of population size and relativity lower (negative) internal rate of population growth so that they acted to play a sink-effect. In contrast to the prediction made by meta-population model, the results of the comparison across the twelve islands showed that both the probabilities of colonization and extinction rates of the small sized islands were relatively higher than those islands with large size. However, across time frame comparison showed that the extinction probabilities increased with the increase in fraction of occupied islands though colonization probabilities showed a slight decline when the fraction of occupied islands increased. This suggested that the meta-population structure of the endemic lava heron on the archipelago island system was found to be the combination of source-sink and core-satellite structure. Fraction of islands occupied, and the area of islands had a significant effect to predict the internal rates of population growth and the average abundance of population size for the endemic lava heron on the archipelago island system, respectively.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126230627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-19DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00150
V. M. Gavrilov, V. Gavrilov
Endothermic animals exchange heat with the environment via four modes: conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation). Evaporation is of significant ecological interest. Evaporation from an animal always results in a decrease in the temperature of the surface from which the evaporation occurs. Therefore, evaporation is oneway transfer which causes heat loss from the organism. Biological evaporation always implies loss of water which is a vital resource for nearly all biochemical processes. Evaporation is the loss of heat via the loss of body mass.1 First guidance for the direct weighing method to determine evaporative water loss was obtained from the studies of Hutchinson and Sykes2 and Hutchinson3 on evaporation in domestic fowl. Robert С Lasiewski, Alfredo L Acosta and Marvin H Bernstein using new techniques and equipment, invented new methods different from the original method. A major disadvantage of the direct weighing method is that it does not permit the simultaneous determination of the energetic cost of evaporative cooling by monitoring oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production, as is possible in the open flow method. As previous studies have shown,4–7 it is possible to determine evaporative heat loss from the ratio (q) between heat production (RM) (determined by the rate of oxygen consumption) and body mass loss (Dm) at various ambient temperatures (TA): q=RM/Dm. High water loss necessitates regular water ingestion through drinking, consuming water in food, and metabolic water production. The method is based on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products leading to the insight that the relations among quantities of reactants and products typically form a ratio of positive integers (stoichiometry). The method uses the metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) of the bird at thermo neutral ambient temperatures (TA), respiratory quotient (RQ), the loss of body mass and the energetic equivalent of the loss of body mass (q) as the ratio between heat production and the loss of body mass. It is known that the loss of mass in bird exposed to controlled conditions is due to three major factors:8–10
吸热动物通过四种方式(传导、对流、辐射和蒸发)与环境交换热量。蒸发具有重要的生态意义。动物的蒸发总是导致发生蒸发的表面温度下降。因此，蒸发是导致有机体热量损失的单向传递。生物蒸发总是意味着水的损失，而水是几乎所有生化过程的重要资源。蒸发是通过身体质量的损失来损失热量Hutchinson and Sykes2和Hutchinson3对家禽蒸发量的研究为直接称重法测定蒸发水分损失提供了第一个指导。Robert С Lasiewski, Alfredo L Acosta和Marvin H Bernstein利用新的技术和设备，发明了不同于原有方法的新方法。直接称重法的一个主要缺点是，它不允许通过监测氧气消耗或二氧化碳产生来同时确定蒸发冷却的能量成本，而开放流量法可能做到这一点。正如先前的研究所表明的，4-7可以通过不同环境温度(TA)下产热(RM)(由耗氧量决定)与体重损失(Dm)之间的比值(q)来确定蒸发热损失:q=RM/Dm。高失水需要通过饮用、食物中的水分摄入和代谢水的产生来定期摄入水分。该方法基于质量守恒定律，即反应物的总质量等于生成物的总质量，从而认识到反应物和生成物的数量之间的关系通常形成正整数的比例(化学计量学)。该方法使用鸟类在热中性环境温度(TA)下的代谢率(耗氧量)、呼吸商(RQ)、体重损失和体重损失的能量当量(q)作为产热与体重损失之间的比值。众所周知，暴露在受控条件下的鸟类的质量损失是由于三个主要因素:8-10
{"title":"Scaling of total evaporative water loss and evaporative heat loss in birds at different ambient temperatures and seasons","authors":"V. M. Gavrilov, V. Gavrilov","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00150","url":null,"abstract":"Endothermic animals exchange heat with the environment via four modes: conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation). Evaporation is of significant ecological interest. Evaporation from an animal always results in a decrease in the temperature of the surface from which the evaporation occurs. Therefore, evaporation is oneway transfer which causes heat loss from the organism. Biological evaporation always implies loss of water which is a vital resource for nearly all biochemical processes. Evaporation is the loss of heat via the loss of body mass.1 First guidance for the direct weighing method to determine evaporative water loss was obtained from the studies of Hutchinson and Sykes2 and Hutchinson3 on evaporation in domestic fowl. Robert С Lasiewski, Alfredo L Acosta and Marvin H Bernstein using new techniques and equipment, invented new methods different from the original method. A major disadvantage of the direct weighing method is that it does not permit the simultaneous determination of the energetic cost of evaporative cooling by monitoring oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production, as is possible in the open flow method. As previous studies have shown,4–7 it is possible to determine evaporative heat loss from the ratio (q) between heat production (RM) (determined by the rate of oxygen consumption) and body mass loss (Dm) at various ambient temperatures (TA): q=RM/Dm. High water loss necessitates regular water ingestion through drinking, consuming water in food, and metabolic water production. The method is based on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products leading to the insight that the relations among quantities of reactants and products typically form a ratio of positive integers (stoichiometry). The method uses the metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) of the bird at thermo neutral ambient temperatures (TA), respiratory quotient (RQ), the loss of body mass and the energetic equivalent of the loss of body mass (q) as the ratio between heat production and the loss of body mass. It is known that the loss of mass in bird exposed to controlled conditions is due to three major factors:8–10","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132214571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-18DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00149
Kabeta Legese, A. Bekele, Seyoum Kiros
Mammals are an important ecological constituent of terrestrial ecosystems.1 Large−sized mammals (weigh more than 7kg) and medium−sized mammals (weigh between 2 and 7kg),2 in particular have important ecosystem functions.3 They regulate plant diversity and structure and potential pest species through hervibory, other animal populations through predation, and plant dispersion through seeds consumption.1,4 Large and medium−sized mammals are very sensitive and intolerant to disturbance and indicators of the healthiness and integrity of ecosystem.4–6 Mammals also act as umbrella species because of their large area home range requirements and contribute to the conservation of other species.1,4
{"title":"A Survey of large and medium-sized mammals in Wabe forest fragments, Gurage zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Kabeta Legese, A. Bekele, Seyoum Kiros","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00149","url":null,"abstract":"Mammals are an important ecological constituent of terrestrial ecosystems.1 Large−sized mammals (weigh more than 7kg) and medium−sized mammals (weigh between 2 and 7kg),2 in particular have important ecosystem functions.3 They regulate plant diversity and structure and potential pest species through hervibory, other animal populations through predation, and plant dispersion through seeds consumption.1,4 Large and medium−sized mammals are very sensitive and intolerant to disturbance and indicators of the healthiness and integrity of ecosystem.4–6 Mammals also act as umbrella species because of their large area home range requirements and contribute to the conservation of other species.1,4","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114659136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00148
František Zigo, S. Ondrašovičová, M. Zigová, L. Takáč, J. Takáčová
Carrier pigeons are highly valued for their outstanding orientation skills and high performance that they display during races. The breeding of the carrier pigeon is very important for these reasons. Increased stress and short time for regeneration during the race are an important factors that significantly affects the health of racing pigeons and their composition of bacterial microflora. The aim of this study were to observe the health status and changes in bacterial microflora of 80 racing pigeons in age 1.5 - 4 years originated from holding on west of Slovakia , which for three months completed eighteen races at a distance of 120 - 1150 km. At the beginning and at the end of the race season were taken the samples of swabs from cloaca and oropharynx. Comparing the most common diseases of pigeons, were found an increased incidence of coccidiosis (52.2%), trichomoniasis (31.9%), and respiratory syndrome (7.2%) after the race season. The enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of pigeons during the race season was dominated and composed of mainly host specific bacteria by Ent. faecalis , Ent. faecium , Ent. columbae , E. coli , Str. gallolyticus and Str. faecalis . Results are showing that also despite increased percentage of cultivation opportune pathogens, especially coagulase negative and positive staphylococci and increased prevalence of coccidiosis, trichomoniasis and respiratory syndrome, the pigeons are able to provide flight performance and cope with changes in their organism during this difficult race period.
{"title":"Influence of the flight season on the health status of the carrier pigeons","authors":"František Zigo, S. Ondrašovičová, M. Zigová, L. Takáč, J. Takáčová","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00148","url":null,"abstract":"Carrier pigeons are highly valued for their outstanding orientation skills and high performance that they display during races. The breeding of the carrier pigeon is very important for these reasons. Increased stress and short time for regeneration during the race are an important factors that significantly affects the health of racing pigeons and their composition of bacterial microflora. The aim of this study were to observe the health status and changes in bacterial microflora of 80 racing pigeons in age 1.5 - 4 years originated from holding on west of Slovakia , which for three months completed eighteen races at a distance of 120 - 1150 km. At the beginning and at the end of the race season were taken the samples of swabs from cloaca and oropharynx. Comparing the most common diseases of pigeons, were found an increased incidence of coccidiosis (52.2%), trichomoniasis (31.9%), and respiratory syndrome (7.2%) after the race season. The enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of pigeons during the race season was dominated and composed of mainly host specific bacteria by Ent. faecalis , Ent. faecium , Ent. columbae , E. coli , Str. gallolyticus and Str. faecalis . Results are showing that also despite increased percentage of cultivation opportune pathogens, especially coagulase negative and positive staphylococci and increased prevalence of coccidiosis, trichomoniasis and respiratory syndrome, the pigeons are able to provide flight performance and cope with changes in their organism during this difficult race period.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00147
M. Akhtar, Tanveer Ahmad, Ejaz Ahmad, S. Inayat, S. Muhammad, M. Ayaz, M. H. Lashari, M. Akhtar
Anaesthesia is an indispensable pre-requisite to most of the surgical interventions, both in humans and animals, so that the surgeon can perform surgical intervention with maximum precision and sagacity. Anaesthetics are available for both parenteral as well as inhalation routes in canine surgery. Due to meager facilities available for field veterinarians in Pakistan, intravenous anaesthetics are preferred because of their early and safe induction. Ketamine hydrochloride has been the sole anaesthetic agent so far relied upon by the veterinarians for most of surgical interventions. Its unavailability or irregular availability in local market renders the veterinary surgeons incapable of performing any intervention on canine surgical patients. This situation compels the veterinary surgeons/ practitioners to look for some other suitable and safe alternative readily procurable from the market having better or an equivalent spectrum of anaesthesia. Propofol is a unique non-barbiturate, non-steroid, short-acting general intravenous anaesthetic agent.1 It is associated with a rapid smooth induction and a rapid recovery.2 More advantageously, it is readily available in the market. Anaesthetic stage duration of propofoland midazolam could be enhanced if used in combination with ketamine hydrochloride. This hypothesis lead us to study the anaesthetic efficacy of propofol in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and to compare it with combination of propofol mizadolam in dogs.
{"title":"Evaluation of propofol, ketamine hydrochloride and propofol, midazolam combinations for clinical anesthesia in dogs","authors":"M. Akhtar, Tanveer Ahmad, Ejaz Ahmad, S. Inayat, S. Muhammad, M. Ayaz, M. H. Lashari, M. Akhtar","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00147","url":null,"abstract":"Anaesthesia is an indispensable pre-requisite to most of the surgical interventions, both in humans and animals, so that the surgeon can perform surgical intervention with maximum precision and sagacity. Anaesthetics are available for both parenteral as well as inhalation routes in canine surgery. Due to meager facilities available for field veterinarians in Pakistan, intravenous anaesthetics are preferred because of their early and safe induction. Ketamine hydrochloride has been the sole anaesthetic agent so far relied upon by the veterinarians for most of surgical interventions. Its unavailability or irregular availability in local market renders the veterinary surgeons incapable of performing any intervention on canine surgical patients. This situation compels the veterinary surgeons/ practitioners to look for some other suitable and safe alternative readily procurable from the market having better or an equivalent spectrum of anaesthesia. Propofol is a unique non-barbiturate, non-steroid, short-acting general intravenous anaesthetic agent.1 It is associated with a rapid smooth induction and a rapid recovery.2 More advantageously, it is readily available in the market. Anaesthetic stage duration of propofoland midazolam could be enhanced if used in combination with ketamine hydrochloride. This hypothesis lead us to study the anaesthetic efficacy of propofol in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and to compare it with combination of propofol mizadolam in dogs.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124626467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00146
L. Gayova, Y. Sheremeta, O. Mallier, Y. Kukharivska, S. Baran
Previously, new data were obtained on the study of the properties of a 5% solution of pyridoxine hydrochloride in relation to the development of processes of complicated action of 10% solution of isoniazid for intravenous administration in a modular animal experiment. They allowed to reveal the presence of a pronounced protective action, which was attributed to the value of the indicator in the therapeutic and protective index. These toxicological studies indicate the possibility of developing a system of measures for the treatment and antidote effects of pyridoxine on the overdose of isoniazid, which is extremely important in the widespread use of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis.
{"title":"Extrapolation the effects of pyridoxine and isoniazid solutions from animals to human","authors":"L. Gayova, Y. Sheremeta, O. Mallier, Y. Kukharivska, S. Baran","doi":"10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJAWB.2018.04.00146","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, new data were obtained on the study of the properties of a 5% solution of pyridoxine hydrochloride in relation to the development of processes of complicated action of 10% solution of isoniazid for intravenous administration in a modular animal experiment. They allowed to reveal the presence of a pronounced protective action, which was attributed to the value of the indicator in the therapeutic and protective index. These toxicological studies indicate the possibility of developing a system of measures for the treatment and antidote effects of pyridoxine on the overdose of isoniazid, which is extremely important in the widespread use of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":197316,"journal":{"name":"International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128143540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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