Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1694072
B. Cassetta, M. Menon, P. Carrion, Hadley L. Pearce, Ashley DeGraaf, O. Leonova, Randall F. White, R. Stowe, W. Honer, T. Woodward, I. Torres
Abstract Objective: Prior research has suggested that treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP) may be a categorically distinct subtype from treatment-responsive psychotic disorders. However, relatively few studies have investigated the cognitive profile of individuals with TRP. Moreover, no prior studies have investigated the effectiveness of using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) for assessing cognition among psychiatric inpatients despite its promising efficiency and practicality in such settings. The current study aimed to investigate the validity of the NTCB and the associated cognitive profile of inpatients with TRP. Methods: Participants (N = 38) were administered the NTCB and a neuropsychological test battery. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Routine Assessment of Patient Progress measured psychosis symptomatology and daily functioning, respectively. Results: Results showed deficits relative to normative values in fluid cognitive abilities using the NTCB, as predicted. There was strong convergent validity and adequate divergent validity between the NTCB subtests and corresponding neuropsychological measures, though no NTCB subtest correlated with performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. NTCB performance correlated with positive and disorganized symptoms of psychosis as well as daily functioning. Conclusions: Taken together, the NTCB appears to be a relatively strong tool for cognitive screening among psychiatric inpatients and may be used to identify which patients might benefit from further neuropsychological evaluation.
{"title":"Preliminary examination of the validity of the NIH toolbox cognition battery in treatment-resistant psychosis","authors":"B. Cassetta, M. Menon, P. Carrion, Hadley L. Pearce, Ashley DeGraaf, O. Leonova, Randall F. White, R. Stowe, W. Honer, T. Woodward, I. Torres","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1694072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1694072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Prior research has suggested that treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP) may be a categorically distinct subtype from treatment-responsive psychotic disorders. However, relatively few studies have investigated the cognitive profile of individuals with TRP. Moreover, no prior studies have investigated the effectiveness of using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) for assessing cognition among psychiatric inpatients despite its promising efficiency and practicality in such settings. The current study aimed to investigate the validity of the NTCB and the associated cognitive profile of inpatients with TRP. Methods: Participants (N = 38) were administered the NTCB and a neuropsychological test battery. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Routine Assessment of Patient Progress measured psychosis symptomatology and daily functioning, respectively. Results: Results showed deficits relative to normative values in fluid cognitive abilities using the NTCB, as predicted. There was strong convergent validity and adequate divergent validity between the NTCB subtests and corresponding neuropsychological measures, though no NTCB subtest correlated with performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. NTCB performance correlated with positive and disorganized symptoms of psychosis as well as daily functioning. Conclusions: Taken together, the NTCB appears to be a relatively strong tool for cognitive screening among psychiatric inpatients and may be used to identify which patients might benefit from further neuropsychological evaluation.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126808650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-28DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1694704
C. Morrison
{"title":"AACN President’s Annual Statement of the Academy Report","authors":"C. Morrison","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1694704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1694704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131697650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1694073
T. Merten, Alexandra Kaminski, W. Pfeiffer
Abstract Objective: Noncredible symptom claims, regularly expected in forensic contexts, may also occur in clinical and rehabilitation referral contexts. Hidden motives and secondary gain expectations may play a significant role in clinical patients. We studied the prevalence of noncredible symptom report in patients treated for minor mental disorders in an inpatient setting. Method: Five hundred and thirty seven clinical inpatients of a psychosomatic rehabilitation center were studied (mean age: 50.2 years; native speakers of German). They were referred for treatment of depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, adjustment disorder, and neurasthenia. Results of two symptom validity tests (Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, SIMS; Self-Report Symptom Inventory, SRSI) and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) were analyzed. Results: At screening level, 34.5% and 29.8% of the patients were found to presumably overreport symptoms on the SIMS and SRSI, respectively. At the standard cut score of the SRSI (maximum false positive rate: 5%), the proportion of diagnosed overreporting was 18.8%. SIMS and SRSI pseudosymptom endorsement correlated at .73. Highly elevated depressive symptom claims with BDI–II scores above 40, found in 9.3% of the patients, were associated with elevated pseudosymptom endorsement. Moreover, extended times of sick leave and higher expectations of disability pension were associated with elevated pseudosymptom endorsement. Conclusions: The prevalence of symptom overreporting in some clinical patient groups is a serious, yet underinvestigated problem. The current estimates yielded a high prevalence of distorted, noncredible symptom claims in psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. The challenges arising to health professionals working in such settings are immense and need more consideration.
摘要目的:不可信的症状声称，在法医环境中经常预期，也可能发生在临床和康复转诊环境中。隐性动机和二次获益预期可能在临床患者中发挥重要作用。我们研究了在住院治疗的轻度精神障碍患者中不可信症状报告的患病率。方法:对某心身康复中心临床住院患者537例(平均年龄50.2岁;母语为德语的人)。他们被转介治疗抑郁、焦虑、躯体形式障碍、适应障碍和神经衰弱。两项症状效度测试结果(《诈病症候结构量表》;分析自我报告症状量表(SRSI)和贝克抑郁量表- ii (BDI-II)。结果:在筛查水平上，分别有34.5%和29.8%的患者在SIMS和SRSI上可能存在过报症状。在SRSI标准切分(最大假阳性率为5%)下，诊断为漏报的比例为18.8%。SIMS与SRSI伪症状认可相关系数为0.73。9.3%的患者BDI-II评分高于40的抑郁症状声称与伪症状认可升高相关。此外，延长的病假时间和更高的伤残养恤金期望与伪症状认可的增加有关。结论:在某些临床患者群体中，症状多报的患病率是一个严重的问题，但尚未得到充分的研究。目前的估计产生了高患病率扭曲，不可信的症状声称在心身康复患者。在这种环境中工作的卫生专业人员所面临的挑战是巨大的，需要更多的考虑。
{"title":"Prevalence of overreporting on symptom validity tests in a large sample of psychosomatic rehabilitation inpatients","authors":"T. Merten, Alexandra Kaminski, W. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1694073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1694073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Noncredible symptom claims, regularly expected in forensic contexts, may also occur in clinical and rehabilitation referral contexts. Hidden motives and secondary gain expectations may play a significant role in clinical patients. We studied the prevalence of noncredible symptom report in patients treated for minor mental disorders in an inpatient setting. Method: Five hundred and thirty seven clinical inpatients of a psychosomatic rehabilitation center were studied (mean age: 50.2 years; native speakers of German). They were referred for treatment of depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, adjustment disorder, and neurasthenia. Results of two symptom validity tests (Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, SIMS; Self-Report Symptom Inventory, SRSI) and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) were analyzed. Results: At screening level, 34.5% and 29.8% of the patients were found to presumably overreport symptoms on the SIMS and SRSI, respectively. At the standard cut score of the SRSI (maximum false positive rate: 5%), the proportion of diagnosed overreporting was 18.8%. SIMS and SRSI pseudosymptom endorsement correlated at .73. Highly elevated depressive symptom claims with BDI–II scores above 40, found in 9.3% of the patients, were associated with elevated pseudosymptom endorsement. Moreover, extended times of sick leave and higher expectations of disability pension were associated with elevated pseudosymptom endorsement. Conclusions: The prevalence of symptom overreporting in some clinical patient groups is a serious, yet underinvestigated problem. The current estimates yielded a high prevalence of distorted, noncredible symptom claims in psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. The challenges arising to health professionals working in such settings are immense and need more consideration.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114540386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-22DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1692077
Bernardino Fernández-Calvo, I. Contador, G. Chelune, D. Lora, Sara Llamas, E. Tapias, F. Bermejo-Pareja
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to establish reliable change and regression-based change score norms on the 37-item version of MMSE in older Spanish adults at the three-year follow-up. Method All subjects of this research were selected from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES), a prospective population-based cohort study of older adults (65 years and over). Of the 4208 individuals free from neurological disorders in this cohort, 2073 participants completed the MMSE-37 at baseline and at the three-year follow-up. Reliable Change Indices were computed for the 80, 90% and 95 confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple regression analyses were used to derive equations for predicting MMSE-37 post-test scores taking into account baseline scores, time to follow-up and sociodemographic factors. Results The MMSE-37 obtained a marginal test-retest reliability (.70). The results showed significant effects of education, age, and sex on the MMSE-37 change scores. After correcting for regression to the mean, at least a 6-point change on MMSE-37 (three-years follow-up) is required to be classified as reliable (90% CI). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the MMSE-37 is a reliable test-retest measure whose change scores are significantly influenced by sociodemographic factors. Importantly, small changes on this measure require a cautious interpretation.
{"title":"Reliable change indices for the 37-item version of the MMSE in Spanish older adults","authors":"Bernardino Fernández-Calvo, I. Contador, G. Chelune, D. Lora, Sara Llamas, E. Tapias, F. Bermejo-Pareja","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1692077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1692077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to establish reliable change and regression-based change score norms on the 37-item version of MMSE in older Spanish adults at the three-year follow-up. Method All subjects of this research were selected from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES), a prospective population-based cohort study of older adults (65 years and over). Of the 4208 individuals free from neurological disorders in this cohort, 2073 participants completed the MMSE-37 at baseline and at the three-year follow-up. Reliable Change Indices were computed for the 80, 90% and 95 confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple regression analyses were used to derive equations for predicting MMSE-37 post-test scores taking into account baseline scores, time to follow-up and sociodemographic factors. Results The MMSE-37 obtained a marginal test-retest reliability (.70). The results showed significant effects of education, age, and sex on the MMSE-37 change scores. After correcting for regression to the mean, at least a 6-point change on MMSE-37 (three-years follow-up) is required to be classified as reliable (90% CI). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the MMSE-37 is a reliable test-retest measure whose change scores are significantly influenced by sociodemographic factors. Importantly, small changes on this measure require a cautious interpretation.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124415349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1680735
Breton M. Asken, Zachary M. Houck, J. Clugston, G. Larrabee, S. Broglio, M. McCrea, T. McAllister, R. Bauer
Abstract Objective: Neuropsychological evaluations include hold tests like word-reading ability as estimates of premorbid intellect thought to be resilient to the effects of neurologic insult. We tested the alternative hypothesis that exposure to concussion or repetitive subclinical head impacts throughout early life may stunt acquisition of word-reading skills. Method: Data were obtained from student–athletes within the CARE Consortium that completed the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). Measures of head trauma burden included self-reported concussion history and cumulative years of exposure to collision sports. We evaluated the effects of head trauma, sociodemographic (race, SES), and academic (SAT/ACT scores, learning disorder) variables on WTAR standard score using linear regression. Analyses were repeated in a football-only subsample estimating age of first exposure to football as a predictor. Results: We analyzed data from 6,598 participants (72.2% white, 39.6% female, mean ± SD age = 18.8 ± 1.2 years). Head trauma variables collectively explained 0.1% of the variance in WTAR standard scores, with years of collision sport exposure weakly predicting lower WTAR standard scores (β = .026–.035, very small effect). In contrast, sociodemographic and academic variables collectively explained 20.9–22.5% of WTAR standard score variance, with strongest effects noted for SAT/ACT scores (β = .313–.337, medium effect), LD diagnosis (β = –.115 to –.131, small effect), and SES (β = .101–.108, small effect). Age of first exposure to football did not affect WTAR scores in a football-only sample. Conclusion: Wechsler Test of Adult Reading performance appears unrelated to history of self-reported concussion(s) and/or repetitive subclinical head trauma exposure in current collegiate athletes. Sociodemographic and academic variables should be incorporated in test score interpretations for diverse populations like athletes.
{"title":"Word-reading ability as a “hold test” in cognitively normal young adults with history of concussion and repetitive head impact exposure: A CARE Consortium Study","authors":"Breton M. Asken, Zachary M. Houck, J. Clugston, G. Larrabee, S. Broglio, M. McCrea, T. McAllister, R. Bauer","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1680735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1680735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Neuropsychological evaluations include hold tests like word-reading ability as estimates of premorbid intellect thought to be resilient to the effects of neurologic insult. We tested the alternative hypothesis that exposure to concussion or repetitive subclinical head impacts throughout early life may stunt acquisition of word-reading skills. Method: Data were obtained from student–athletes within the CARE Consortium that completed the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). Measures of head trauma burden included self-reported concussion history and cumulative years of exposure to collision sports. We evaluated the effects of head trauma, sociodemographic (race, SES), and academic (SAT/ACT scores, learning disorder) variables on WTAR standard score using linear regression. Analyses were repeated in a football-only subsample estimating age of first exposure to football as a predictor. Results: We analyzed data from 6,598 participants (72.2% white, 39.6% female, mean ± SD age = 18.8 ± 1.2 years). Head trauma variables collectively explained 0.1% of the variance in WTAR standard scores, with years of collision sport exposure weakly predicting lower WTAR standard scores (β = .026–.035, very small effect). In contrast, sociodemographic and academic variables collectively explained 20.9–22.5% of WTAR standard score variance, with strongest effects noted for SAT/ACT scores (β = .313–.337, medium effect), LD diagnosis (β = –.115 to –.131, small effect), and SES (β = .101–.108, small effect). Age of first exposure to football did not affect WTAR scores in a football-only sample. Conclusion: Wechsler Test of Adult Reading performance appears unrelated to history of self-reported concussion(s) and/or repetitive subclinical head trauma exposure in current collegiate athletes. Sociodemographic and academic variables should be incorporated in test score interpretations for diverse populations like athletes.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1672334
Y. Suchy
{"title":"Introduction to special issue: Current trends in empirical examinations of performance and symptom validity","authors":"Y. Suchy","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1672334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1672334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132759594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1662090
T. Dassanayake, D. Ariyasinghe
Abstract Objective: Neuropsychological test batteries validated for Sri Lankan population are extremely scarce. Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a language-independent test battery used in many countries, but the original UK norms may not be representative in the local setting due to sociocultural differences. Our aim was to generate age-, sex-, and education-adjusted norms for the CANTAB for Sri Lankan adults. Method: Three-hundred and eleven healthy, community-living adults aged 20–64 years completed CANTAB subtests of visual attention (Reaction Time and Rapid Visual Information Processing), visual memory (Paired Associates Learning and Delayed Matching to Sample); and executive functions (Stockings of Cambridge, Stop Signal Task, and Spatial Working Memory). We conducted multiple linear regression analyses with sex, age and years of education fitted as predictors to model the CANTAB outcome variables. Results: Younger age and longer education were associated with better performance in most CANTAB measures. Men outperformed women in few measures of psychomotor speed and visuospatial skills, but sex explained only a small proportion of test variance. We report regression equations to predict CANTAB norms based on sex, age and years of education; and the test variances accounted by these factors. Conclusions: We propose sex-, age- and education-adjusted CANTAB norms for Sri Lankans aged 20–64 years and supplement the regression formulae with a calculator that produces predicted and standard scores of a given test subject. These norms would help in interpreting the results of clinical samples in future studies, taking into account the variability introduced by sex, age and education.
{"title":"Sex-, age-, and education-adjusted norms for Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in literate Sri Lankan adults","authors":"T. Dassanayake, D. Ariyasinghe","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1662090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1662090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Neuropsychological test batteries validated for Sri Lankan population are extremely scarce. Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a language-independent test battery used in many countries, but the original UK norms may not be representative in the local setting due to sociocultural differences. Our aim was to generate age-, sex-, and education-adjusted norms for the CANTAB for Sri Lankan adults. Method: Three-hundred and eleven healthy, community-living adults aged 20–64 years completed CANTAB subtests of visual attention (Reaction Time and Rapid Visual Information Processing), visual memory (Paired Associates Learning and Delayed Matching to Sample); and executive functions (Stockings of Cambridge, Stop Signal Task, and Spatial Working Memory). We conducted multiple linear regression analyses with sex, age and years of education fitted as predictors to model the CANTAB outcome variables. Results: Younger age and longer education were associated with better performance in most CANTAB measures. Men outperformed women in few measures of psychomotor speed and visuospatial skills, but sex explained only a small proportion of test variance. We report regression equations to predict CANTAB norms based on sex, age and years of education; and the test variances accounted by these factors. Conclusions: We propose sex-, age- and education-adjusted CANTAB norms for Sri Lankans aged 20–64 years and supplement the regression formulae with a calculator that produces predicted and standard scores of a given test subject. These norms would help in interpreting the results of clinical samples in future studies, taking into account the variability introduced by sex, age and education.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129154165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-19DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1640285
Shanhu Xu, Linhui Chen, Xiaoqing Jin, Yan Jing, Saizhu Xu, Xu Ying, Caixia Liu, Jin Yu
Abstract Objective: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is widely used as a cognitive screening tool. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of gender, age, and education on CDT scores in a sample of elderly, community-dwelling adults in China. Methods: The sample was derived from a cross-sectional survey, “The study on the early screening methods for senile dementia.” It included Chinese-speaking persons 65 years of age or older with normal cognitive functioning. All the participants underwent neuropsychological assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the CDT. The CDT was administered and scored using Shulman’s methodology. The effects of gender, age, and education on CDT performance were analyzed. Results: The sample contained 440 males and 445 females, ranging from 65 to 93 years of age, with a mean age of 74.94 ± 6.17 years old. The mean CDT and MMSE scores were 4.81 ± 0.54 and 28.79 ± 1.35, respectively. CDT performance was significantly different among age groups (χ2 = 22.85, p < .01) and educational levels (χ2 = 6.94, p = .03). However, there was no significant difference in CDT scores between males and females (t = 0.56, p = .57). The gender difference remained non-significant when the sample was divided according to age group and educational level. Conclusions: The study provides preliminary normative data on the CDT for the older population of China. CDT performance was significantly influenced by age and education, which must be taken into account when using the CDT as a cognitive screening tool in the Chinese population.
摘要目的:时钟绘制测试(Clock Drawing Test, CDT)作为一种认知筛查工具被广泛使用。本研究的目的是调查性别、年龄和教育程度对中国老年人社区居民CDT评分的影响。方法:样本来源于横断面调查“老年痴呆早期筛查方法的研究”。研究对象包括65岁以上、认知功能正常的汉语使用者。所有参与者都进行了神经心理学评估，包括简易精神状态检查(MMSE)和CDT。CDT使用舒尔曼的方法进行管理和评分。分析性别、年龄、教育程度对CDT绩效的影响。结果:男性440人，女性445人，年龄65 ~ 93岁，平均年龄74.94±6.17岁。平均CDT和MMSE评分分别为4.81±0.54和28.79±1.35。CDT表现在不同年龄组(χ2 = 22.85, p < 0.01)和文化程度(χ2 = 6.94, p = 0.03)之间差异有统计学意义。然而，CDT评分在男性和女性之间没有显著差异(t = 0.56, p = 0.57)。当样本按年龄和教育程度划分时，性别差异仍然不显著。结论:本研究为中国老年人群的CDT提供了初步的规范性数据。CDT表现受年龄和教育程度的显著影响，在中国人群中使用CDT作为认知筛查工具时必须考虑到这一点。
{"title":"Effects of age and education on clock-drawing performance by elderly adults in China","authors":"Shanhu Xu, Linhui Chen, Xiaoqing Jin, Yan Jing, Saizhu Xu, Xu Ying, Caixia Liu, Jin Yu","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1640285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1640285","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is widely used as a cognitive screening tool. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of gender, age, and education on CDT scores in a sample of elderly, community-dwelling adults in China. Methods: The sample was derived from a cross-sectional survey, “The study on the early screening methods for senile dementia.” It included Chinese-speaking persons 65 years of age or older with normal cognitive functioning. All the participants underwent neuropsychological assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the CDT. The CDT was administered and scored using Shulman’s methodology. The effects of gender, age, and education on CDT performance were analyzed. Results: The sample contained 440 males and 445 females, ranging from 65 to 93 years of age, with a mean age of 74.94 ± 6.17 years old. The mean CDT and MMSE scores were 4.81 ± 0.54 and 28.79 ± 1.35, respectively. CDT performance was significantly different among age groups (χ2 = 22.85, p < .01) and educational levels (χ2 = 6.94, p = .03). However, there was no significant difference in CDT scores between males and females (t = 0.56, p = .57). The gender difference remained non-significant when the sample was divided according to age group and educational level. Conclusions: The study provides preliminary normative data on the CDT for the older population of China. CDT performance was significantly influenced by age and education, which must be taken into account when using the CDT as a cognitive screening tool in the Chinese population.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131175297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1690051
R. Echemendia, J. Thelen, W. Meeuwisse, P. Comper, M. Hutchison, Jared M. Bruce
Abstract Objective: There has been an increased interest in the use of “Hybrid” neuropsychological test batteries to evaluate neurocognitive functioning prior to and following sports-related concussion. Typically, these test batteries include a combination of traditional “paper and pencil” (P&P) and computerized measures. The National Hockey League (NHL) employs a Hybrid approach consisting of ImPACT and a brief battery of P&P measures. The purpose of this paper was to examine the NHL’s Hybrid model by means of factor analytic techniques in order to determine the extent to which the measures included in the battery are independent of each other or share common variance. Method: Principal components analyses with promax rotations were conducted on the P&P measures alone and when combined with ImPACT. A total of 360 recently concussed NHL players underwent testing using the combined hybrid battery. Results: A principal components analysis with promax rotation of the combined hybrid battery yielded 5 factors (Verbal Learning/Memory, Visual Learning/Memory, Processing Speed/Executive Functioning, Cued/Recognition Memory and Reaction Time/Speed). The factors appear to be relatively independent of each other with the P&P measures comprising the Verbal Learning/Memory, Visual Learning/Memory, and Processing Speed/Executive Functioning and ImPACT loading on the Cued/Recognition Memory and Reaction Time/Speed factors. Conclusions: These data provide support for the Hybrid model with evidence that the P&P measures and ImPACT do not measure the same domains of cognitive functioning. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed in detail.
{"title":"Testing the hybrid battery approach to evaluating sports-related concussion in the National Hockey League: A factor analytic study","authors":"R. Echemendia, J. Thelen, W. Meeuwisse, P. Comper, M. Hutchison, Jared M. Bruce","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2019.1690051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1690051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: There has been an increased interest in the use of “Hybrid” neuropsychological test batteries to evaluate neurocognitive functioning prior to and following sports-related concussion. Typically, these test batteries include a combination of traditional “paper and pencil” (P&P) and computerized measures. The National Hockey League (NHL) employs a Hybrid approach consisting of ImPACT and a brief battery of P&P measures. The purpose of this paper was to examine the NHL’s Hybrid model by means of factor analytic techniques in order to determine the extent to which the measures included in the battery are independent of each other or share common variance. Method: Principal components analyses with promax rotations were conducted on the P&P measures alone and when combined with ImPACT. A total of 360 recently concussed NHL players underwent testing using the combined hybrid battery. Results: A principal components analysis with promax rotation of the combined hybrid battery yielded 5 factors (Verbal Learning/Memory, Visual Learning/Memory, Processing Speed/Executive Functioning, Cued/Recognition Memory and Reaction Time/Speed). The factors appear to be relatively independent of each other with the P&P measures comprising the Verbal Learning/Memory, Visual Learning/Memory, and Processing Speed/Executive Functioning and ImPACT loading on the Cued/Recognition Memory and Reaction Time/Speed factors. Conclusions: These data provide support for the Hybrid model with evidence that the P&P measures and ImPACT do not measure the same domains of cognitive functioning. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131617948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-21DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1306111
C. Gaudet
{"title":"Review of doing Bayesian data analysis: a tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan (second edition)","authors":"C. Gaudet","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2017.1306111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2017.1306111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131415469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：