Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021894
M. Kafal, W. B. Hassen
Throughout the last decade, the problem of soft fault detection in transmission lines have been overflown with contemporary powerful technologies. However, a vast majority of state-of-the-art techniques including the well-known reflectometry methods, require bandwidths in the order of hundreds of megahertz for providing spatial resolution in the millimeter range of faults’ locations. On the other hand, an emerging technique based on the analysis of multi-port transmission and reflection parameters, often referred to as the Time-reversal multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC) ensured location accuracy and sub-millimeter resolution of multiple soft faults in complex wire networks. More importantly, this was made possible using continuous wave excitations even at low frequencies. However, as any other existing method, it suffered from the problem of attenuation inherent to transmission lines. In this paper, we will introduce a method based on Green function phase pattern analysis of tested cables relying only on reflection parameters, with no need for acquiring the transmission ones. In effect, testing long cables as in the case of power grids becomes possible. The proposed technique is shown to be robust against attenuation. Besides, it appears to be readily adapted for lively monitoring transmission lines, thanks to its continuous wave excitation abilities. The technique is shown to operate frequency by frequency, which allows the choice of specified frequency samples if distortion is present. Moreover, the proposed processing is shown to reinstate precise super-resolved estimates of soft fault locations. Experimental results based on coaxial cable implementation is provided to validate the method’s feasibility.
{"title":"On the Diagnosis of Incipient Faults in Transmission Lines Using a Projection Approach Based on Phase Patterns","authors":"M. Kafal, W. B. Hassen","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021894","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the last decade, the problem of soft fault detection in transmission lines have been overflown with contemporary powerful technologies. However, a vast majority of state-of-the-art techniques including the well-known reflectometry methods, require bandwidths in the order of hundreds of megahertz for providing spatial resolution in the millimeter range of faults’ locations. On the other hand, an emerging technique based on the analysis of multi-port transmission and reflection parameters, often referred to as the Time-reversal multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC) ensured location accuracy and sub-millimeter resolution of multiple soft faults in complex wire networks. More importantly, this was made possible using continuous wave excitations even at low frequencies. However, as any other existing method, it suffered from the problem of attenuation inherent to transmission lines. In this paper, we will introduce a method based on Green function phase pattern analysis of tested cables relying only on reflection parameters, with no need for acquiring the transmission ones. In effect, testing long cables as in the case of power grids becomes possible. The proposed technique is shown to be robust against attenuation. Besides, it appears to be readily adapted for lively monitoring transmission lines, thanks to its continuous wave excitation abilities. The technique is shown to operate frequency by frequency, which allows the choice of specified frequency samples if distortion is present. Moreover, the proposed processing is shown to reinstate precise super-resolved estimates of soft fault locations. Experimental results based on coaxial cable implementation is provided to validate the method’s feasibility.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127075713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021329
Juzheng Han, X. Kong
We presents a novel sandwiched metamaterial with wideband asymmetric transmission and energy selection ability. The design enables the structure to be capable of showing wideband asymmetric transmission and cross-polarization conversion for linearly polarized incidents, as well as provide protection from interference and high-power illumination. For low-power incidents, direction-dependent cross-polarization transmission is obtained with polarization conversion ratio (PCR) better than 0.95 over 8 ~ 12 GHz and asymmetric transmission coefficient (Δlin) better than 0.8 within 8 ∼ 11 GHz. Nevertheless, by the attached diodes at the surface of the proposed structure, the transmission of high-power can be attenuated extremely and automatically. It is demonstrated that our design shows potential in EM wave manipulation, interference control and high-power protection.
{"title":"Wideband Asymmetric Transmission and Energy Selection Metamaterial for Linearly Polarized Wave","authors":"Juzheng Han, X. Kong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021329","url":null,"abstract":"We presents a novel sandwiched metamaterial with wideband asymmetric transmission and energy selection ability. The design enables the structure to be capable of showing wideband asymmetric transmission and cross-polarization conversion for linearly polarized incidents, as well as provide protection from interference and high-power illumination. For low-power incidents, direction-dependent cross-polarization transmission is obtained with polarization conversion ratio (PCR) better than 0.95 over 8 ~ 12 GHz and asymmetric transmission coefficient (Δlin) better than 0.8 within 8 ∼ 11 GHz. Nevertheless, by the attached diodes at the surface of the proposed structure, the transmission of high-power can be attenuated extremely and automatically. It is demonstrated that our design shows potential in EM wave manipulation, interference control and high-power protection.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127094655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021700
Huan Liu, L. Kuang, Q. Liu
A deep learning based recognition algorithm to identify various targets was proposed in this paper. Compared with traditional machine learning, deep learning can extract the features of recognized targets better and obtain higher accuracy. We first simulate electromagnetic scattering of targets and acquired the scattering electric field of targets at different frequencies and scattering angles. Then we use the scattering electric field to get the ISAR image. Then we input ISAR images to the deep convolutional neural networks for training, and extract the deeper features of the targets. In order to improve the accuracy of recognition, we combine different polarization ISAR images as one sample. Numerical results show that the average recognition accuracy of our proposed method is 99.72%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.
{"title":"Targets Recognition Based on Deep Learning","authors":"Huan Liu, L. Kuang, Q. Liu","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021700","url":null,"abstract":"A deep learning based recognition algorithm to identify various targets was proposed in this paper. Compared with traditional machine learning, deep learning can extract the features of recognized targets better and obtain higher accuracy. We first simulate electromagnetic scattering of targets and acquired the scattering electric field of targets at different frequencies and scattering angles. Then we use the scattering electric field to get the ISAR image. Then we input ISAR images to the deep convolutional neural networks for training, and extract the deeper features of the targets. In order to improve the accuracy of recognition, we combine different polarization ISAR images as one sample. Numerical results show that the average recognition accuracy of our proposed method is 99.72%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127139694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021514
Min Zhang, Lianyan Zhu, Yi Wang, Jingbo Cui
As a kind of ultra wideband antenna, the log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) can operate on infinite large bandwidth in theory. But in fact, the higher frequencies of LPDAs are limited by the manufacturing accuracy of the short dipoles which closed to the feed, and the lower frequencies are limited by the size of the long dipoles. So the real bandwidth of the LPDA can reach about 20 : 1 at most. This may limit the applications of LPDA.In this paper, a printed LPDA with a 30:1 bandwidth which operating from 0.5 to 15 GHz is present. The dipoles and feed lines of the LPDA are printed on a PFTE board with a size of 392 mm × 250 mm × 1.5 mm and a εr of 2.55. Due to the limitation of manufacturing accuracy, the width of the dipoles which operate on high frequencies could not be too small. In order to overcome this limitation, the width of the shortest dipole is increased to 1 mm. This may lead to mismatching of impedance on high frequencies, and the distances of these dipoles are optimized to eliminate the mismatching. For low frequencies, a parasitic dipole is added close to the third longest dipole, which can be used to improve the VSWR on low frequencies. At last, the LPDA is fabricated, and the measured results indicate a VSWR less than 2.0 and a gain better than 4 dBi through the whole band. The radiation patterns of the antenna show stability directional beams for the most frequencies of the operating band.
对数周期偶极子天线作为一种超宽带天线，理论上可以在无限大的带宽上工作。但事实上，LPDAs的高频受限于靠近馈源的短偶极子的制造精度，而低频受限于长偶极子的尺寸。因此LPDA的实际带宽最多可以达到20:1左右。这可能会限制LPDA的应用。本文提出了一种工作在0.5 ~ 15ghz范围内，带宽为30:1的印刷LPDA。在尺寸为392 mm × 250 mm × 1.5 mm、εr为2.55的PFTE板上印制LPDA的偶极子和馈线。由于制造精度的限制，工作在高频上的偶极子宽度不能太小。为了克服这一限制，将最短偶极子的宽度增加到1毫米。这可能会导致高频阻抗的不匹配，并优化这些偶极子的距离以消除不匹配。在低频时，在第三长偶极子附近增加一个寄生偶极子，可以提高低频时的驻波比。最后，制作了LPDA，测量结果表明，整个频段的驻波比小于2.0，增益优于4 dBi。天线的辐射方向图在工作频带的大多数频率上显示稳定的定向波束。
{"title":"A Printed Log Periodic Dipole Antenna with Broadband Application from 0.5 to 15 GHz","authors":"Min Zhang, Lianyan Zhu, Yi Wang, Jingbo Cui","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021514","url":null,"abstract":"As a kind of ultra wideband antenna, the log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) can operate on infinite large bandwidth in theory. But in fact, the higher frequencies of LPDAs are limited by the manufacturing accuracy of the short dipoles which closed to the feed, and the lower frequencies are limited by the size of the long dipoles. So the real bandwidth of the LPDA can reach about 20 : 1 at most. This may limit the applications of LPDA.In this paper, a printed LPDA with a 30:1 bandwidth which operating from 0.5 to 15 GHz is present. The dipoles and feed lines of the LPDA are printed on a PFTE board with a size of 392 mm × 250 mm × 1.5 mm and a εr of 2.55. Due to the limitation of manufacturing accuracy, the width of the dipoles which operate on high frequencies could not be too small. In order to overcome this limitation, the width of the shortest dipole is increased to 1 mm. This may lead to mismatching of impedance on high frequencies, and the distances of these dipoles are optimized to eliminate the mismatching. For low frequencies, a parasitic dipole is added close to the third longest dipole, which can be used to improve the VSWR on low frequencies. At last, the LPDA is fabricated, and the measured results indicate a VSWR less than 2.0 and a gain better than 4 dBi through the whole band. The radiation patterns of the antenna show stability directional beams for the most frequencies of the operating band.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127230019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021340
Z. Kang, Hongnian Wang, Shouwen Yang
Triaxial induction tools can be used to evaluate thinly laminated sand-shale sequences and fractured beds. This type of reservoirs exhibit transversely isotropy (TI) or arbitrarily anisotropy (also called as biaxial anisotropy (BA)). There have been several papers to study the responses in the TI model or the simplified BA model whose conductivity principal coordinate is always consistent with the formation coordinate. However, little work covers the most general biaxial anisotropic model whose conductivity tensor’s orientation is arbitrary. We introduce the Euler angles, then the general biaxial anisotropic conductivity tensor can be determined by three principal components and three ordered Euler angles. To derive the electromagnetic (EM) fields in arbitrarily anisotropic medium, we first convert the Maxwell’s equation of frequency-spatial domain into frequency-wavenumber domain by 2D Fourier transform, and obtain an ordinary differential system about horizontal components of EM fields. Using eigenvalue decomposition of the system matrix, this system can be decomposed into two group of equations associated with upward and downward eigen-waves respectively. We derive the solutions of EM fields in frequency-wavenumber domain by introducing transmission matrix, both local and generalized reflection matrix and propagator matrix After that, we use 2D Gauss-Legendre quadrature to calculate inverse Fourier transformation and obtain Green’s function for simulation of the tri-axial induction responses. The numerical results are compared with 3D numerical method in both vertical and deviated wells and the agreement is satisfactory. Finally, we investigate the response characteristics in several formations with different Euler angles The results show that triaxial induction responses are remarkably influenced by Euler angles even if the values of three principal components of conductivity tensor remain unchanged. Compare to the responses of the simplified BA model, those of general BA model are more complex and contain more nonzero components. The results indicate that using TI model or the simplified BA model in complex environment may cause large errors. Our algorithm are more practical than algorithms based on the simplified model because the real depositional environments are usually complicated.
{"title":"Simulation of Full Responses of Triaxial Induction Logging in 1D Layered Arbitrarily Anisotropic Formations","authors":"Z. Kang, Hongnian Wang, Shouwen Yang","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021340","url":null,"abstract":"Triaxial induction tools can be used to evaluate thinly laminated sand-shale sequences and fractured beds. This type of reservoirs exhibit transversely isotropy (TI) or arbitrarily anisotropy (also called as biaxial anisotropy (BA)). There have been several papers to study the responses in the TI model or the simplified BA model whose conductivity principal coordinate is always consistent with the formation coordinate. However, little work covers the most general biaxial anisotropic model whose conductivity tensor’s orientation is arbitrary. We introduce the Euler angles, then the general biaxial anisotropic conductivity tensor can be determined by three principal components and three ordered Euler angles. To derive the electromagnetic (EM) fields in arbitrarily anisotropic medium, we first convert the Maxwell’s equation of frequency-spatial domain into frequency-wavenumber domain by 2D Fourier transform, and obtain an ordinary differential system about horizontal components of EM fields. Using eigenvalue decomposition of the system matrix, this system can be decomposed into two group of equations associated with upward and downward eigen-waves respectively. We derive the solutions of EM fields in frequency-wavenumber domain by introducing transmission matrix, both local and generalized reflection matrix and propagator matrix After that, we use 2D Gauss-Legendre quadrature to calculate inverse Fourier transformation and obtain Green’s function for simulation of the tri-axial induction responses. The numerical results are compared with 3D numerical method in both vertical and deviated wells and the agreement is satisfactory. Finally, we investigate the response characteristics in several formations with different Euler angles The results show that triaxial induction responses are remarkably influenced by Euler angles even if the values of three principal components of conductivity tensor remain unchanged. Compare to the responses of the simplified BA model, those of general BA model are more complex and contain more nonzero components. The results indicate that using TI model or the simplified BA model in complex environment may cause large errors. Our algorithm are more practical than algorithms based on the simplified model because the real depositional environments are usually complicated.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125013569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021640
G. Sun, Hong-tao Zhang, Yuru Rao, Ru Meng
A novel dualband circularly polarized shared-aperture antenna is proposed in the paper. The antenna is designed to operate at two distinct frequency bands of P band and L/S band. The antenna is composed of a circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna and 16 microstrip antenna arrays. The magneto-electric dipole imposes four same metallic radiators and two feeding probes. A microstrip antenna array consists of four square probe-fed microstrip antennas and ten parasitic square patches. The antenna operates over a frequency range of 223 MHz to 445 MHz and 1.97 GHz to 2.27 GHz for VSWR < 2, meanwhile, the axial ratio is less than 1.7 dB and 0.3 dB in Z direction covering the lower band and higher band, respectively.
{"title":"Dual-band Circularly Polarized Shared-aperture Antenna","authors":"G. Sun, Hong-tao Zhang, Yuru Rao, Ru Meng","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021640","url":null,"abstract":"A novel dualband circularly polarized shared-aperture antenna is proposed in the paper. The antenna is designed to operate at two distinct frequency bands of P band and L/S band. The antenna is composed of a circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna and 16 microstrip antenna arrays. The magneto-electric dipole imposes four same metallic radiators and two feeding probes. A microstrip antenna array consists of four square probe-fed microstrip antennas and ten parasitic square patches. The antenna operates over a frequency range of 223 MHz to 445 MHz and 1.97 GHz to 2.27 GHz for VSWR < 2, meanwhile, the axial ratio is less than 1.7 dB and 0.3 dB in Z direction covering the lower band and higher band, respectively.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125026629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021438
J. Mitchell, S. Tjuatja
Clutter is present in many ISAR imaging applications and can make a significant contribution to imaging error and artifacts. Accurate modeling and characterization of time-varying clutter facilitates clutter removal and forming a more accurate target image. ISAR backscatter measurements can be time consuming and many clutter mitigation tools, such as deep learning networks, require many spectral samples for training. Having the ability to generate a large valid training data set which is based on a small number of physical measurements will improve the efficiency and accuracy of these methods. Time-varying vegetation will be the focus of this paper. A second-order statistical model for time-varying clutter is proposed and a physical model based on oscillatory motion and physical characteristics of vegetation in the presence of wind is used to derive formulations describing the associated time-varying electromagnetic backscatter spectrum. An equivalent second-order time-varying spatial model is developed, having the same second-order statistics as the measured backscattered spectrum.
{"title":"Modeling and Characterization of Time-varying Clutter in ISAR Imaging","authors":"J. Mitchell, S. Tjuatja","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021438","url":null,"abstract":"Clutter is present in many ISAR imaging applications and can make a significant contribution to imaging error and artifacts. Accurate modeling and characterization of time-varying clutter facilitates clutter removal and forming a more accurate target image. ISAR backscatter measurements can be time consuming and many clutter mitigation tools, such as deep learning networks, require many spectral samples for training. Having the ability to generate a large valid training data set which is based on a small number of physical measurements will improve the efficiency and accuracy of these methods. Time-varying vegetation will be the focus of this paper. A second-order statistical model for time-varying clutter is proposed and a physical model based on oscillatory motion and physical characteristics of vegetation in the presence of wind is used to derive formulations describing the associated time-varying electromagnetic backscatter spectrum. An equivalent second-order time-varying spatial model is developed, having the same second-order statistics as the measured backscattered spectrum.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125967122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021850
Suming You, Changchun Zhang, Fengbo Yuan, Yi Zhang, Ying Zhang
A phase-locked loop (PLL) for multiphase clock generation for 5G Mobile Communications is presented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. The PLL consists mainly of a phase/frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump (CP), and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a third-order loop filter. The source-switching CP with a rail-to-rail operational amplifier is used to obtain perfect current matching, and the rotary traveling-wave VCO is employed for low phase noise, high oscillation frequency and multiphase clock generation. Simulation results show that, from a single voltage supply of 1.2 V, the PLL can achieve the frequency range of 24.1 ~ 27.6 GHz, the phase noise of 95.2 dBc/Hz@1 MHz from the output frequency of 25.6 GHz, and the total power of 58.3 mW is consumed.
{"title":"A 65 nm CMOS Phase-locked Loop for 5G Mobile Communications","authors":"Suming You, Changchun Zhang, Fengbo Yuan, Yi Zhang, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021850","url":null,"abstract":"A phase-locked loop (PLL) for multiphase clock generation for 5G Mobile Communications is presented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. The PLL consists mainly of a phase/frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump (CP), and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a third-order loop filter. The source-switching CP with a rail-to-rail operational amplifier is used to obtain perfect current matching, and the rotary traveling-wave VCO is employed for low phase noise, high oscillation frequency and multiphase clock generation. Simulation results show that, from a single voltage supply of 1.2 V, the PLL can achieve the frequency range of 24.1 ~ 27.6 GHz, the phase noise of 95.2 dBc/Hz@1 MHz from the output frequency of 25.6 GHz, and the total power of 58.3 mW is consumed.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021388
Zhaoyang Feng, Shurun Tan, L. Tsang, Er-Ping Li
A novel method is developed in this paper to characterize the band diagram and modal fields of gyromagnetic photonic crystals that support topolgoical one-way edge states. We exploy an integral equation based method that utilizes the broadband Green’s function as the kernel. The broadband Green’s function is a hybrid representation of the periodic lattice Green’s function that includes an imaginary wavenumber component represented in exponentially decaying spatial series and a reminder in fast converging Floquet plane wave expansions. Special boundary conditions govern the fields across the interface of the gyromagnetic scatterers, leading to surface integral equations (SIEs) that involve three components including the pilot field, its normal derivative and its tangential derivative. To reduce the independent number of unknowns, roof-top basis functions and the Garlerkin’s method are used to discretize the SIEs into matrix equations. The broadband Green’s function allows converting the discretized SIEs into a linear eigenvalue problem of a small size. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the linear eigenvalue problem are directly related to the band solutions and modal fields of the photonic crystal. The proposed approach is an effective method to characterize wave interactions with periodic scatterers using integral equations. The solutions of the presented approach are compared against Comsol simulations for various cases to show its accuracy and efficiency.
{"title":"Efficient Characterization of Topological Photonics Using the Broadband Green’s Function","authors":"Zhaoyang Feng, Shurun Tan, L. Tsang, Er-Ping Li","doi":"10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021388","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method is developed in this paper to characterize the band diagram and modal fields of gyromagnetic photonic crystals that support topolgoical one-way edge states. We exploy an integral equation based method that utilizes the broadband Green’s function as the kernel. The broadband Green’s function is a hybrid representation of the periodic lattice Green’s function that includes an imaginary wavenumber component represented in exponentially decaying spatial series and a reminder in fast converging Floquet plane wave expansions. Special boundary conditions govern the fields across the interface of the gyromagnetic scatterers, leading to surface integral equations (SIEs) that involve three components including the pilot field, its normal derivative and its tangential derivative. To reduce the independent number of unknowns, roof-top basis functions and the Garlerkin’s method are used to discretize the SIEs into matrix equations. The broadband Green’s function allows converting the discretized SIEs into a linear eigenvalue problem of a small size. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the linear eigenvalue problem are directly related to the band solutions and modal fields of the photonic crystal. The proposed approach is an effective method to characterize wave interactions with periodic scatterers using integral equations. The solutions of the presented approach are compared against Comsol simulations for various cases to show its accuracy and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":197451,"journal":{"name":"2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123282359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021620
Jie Cao, Yingbo Wang, C. Xu, Mingyuan Tang, Q. Hao
Noninvasive object imaging through scattering media has attracted the attention of experts given that the potential application in the biomedical. The traditional method includes speckle correlation and bispectrum analysis suffer from the requirement of high-resolution speckle pattern and multiple iterations, due to these methods are based on the idea of statistical average. Meanwhile, the object imaging processes are complexity due to the point-spread-function of system is approximately the Dirac delta function or real number in these methods. Therefore, we report an effective noninvasive imaging method through scattering media via bispectrum analysis combined phase-diversity. Object imaging and point-spread-function retrieving using low speckle pattern, no multiple iterations, nor randomly assign initial values. In additional, the imaging efficient is increased by deconvolution operation using retrieved point-spread-function. This work has been proved by simulations and experiments, which will be beneficial to further biomedical applications.
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