Anjali P S, M. Srivastava, B. Srinivasan, D. Venkitesh
The design of a stable and reliable passively mode-locked laser cavity with Thulium doped fiber is a challenge especially due to its large saturation power owing to a shorter metastable lifetime. In this work, we investigate the influence of various cavity parameters on the stable mode-locked operation of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) based passively mode-locked Thulium doped fiber laser through numerical modelling. Specifically, we present a detailed study on the effect of the repetition rate, modulation depth, saturation fluence, and damage threshold of the saturable absorber, quality factor of the laser cavity, bandwidth of the passive reflector, and gain medium characteristics on stable operation of a passively mode-locked fiber laser. Experimental results are also presented to validate the key aspects of the simulation.
{"title":"Numerical studies of the operating regimes of a passively mode-locked Thulium doped fiber laser","authors":"Anjali P S, M. Srivastava, B. Srinivasan, D. Venkitesh","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.431551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.431551","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a stable and reliable passively mode-locked laser cavity with Thulium doped fiber is a challenge especially due to its large saturation power owing to a shorter metastable lifetime. In this work, we investigate the influence of various cavity parameters on the stable mode-locked operation of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) based passively mode-locked Thulium doped fiber laser through numerical modelling. Specifically, we present a detailed study on the effect of the repetition rate, modulation depth, saturation fluence, and damage threshold of the saturable absorber, quality factor of the laser cavity, bandwidth of the passive reflector, and gain medium characteristics on stable operation of a passively mode-locked fiber laser. Experimental results are also presented to validate the key aspects of the simulation.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44000966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spectrally efficient optical communication with flexible capacity is required in the prospective adaptive photonic network. Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of candidates to contribute to this type of photonic network. Here we report on a gate-free integrated-optic tunable filter that can demultiplex optical OFDM signals with various number and symbol rate sub-carrier channels. The filter consists of tunable couplers, an array of delay lines, and a slab star coupler-type optical Fourier transformation circuit. We can tune the number and/or the symbol rate of demultiplexed optical OFDM channels by selecting the delay lines with the tunable couplers. Optical timing gates were normally attached to the filter output ports with a view to extracting the effective time of the filtered channels. In this investigation, we removed the optical gates and substituted a high-speed photodetector for the gate with a view to achieving completely passive demultiplexing of the various capacity optical OFDM signals. Various channel symbol rate and channel number OFDM signals (5 × 10 to 20 Gsymbol/s and 3 × 20 Gsymbol/s) were successfully demultiplexed with this gate-free tunable filter. Our star coupler-type tunable OFDM filter without the gates was used to demultiplex various channel symbol rate optical OFDM signals for the first time.
{"title":"Gate-free integrated-optic tunable filter for demultiplexing various capacity optical OFDM signals","authors":"K. Takiguchi, Hideaki Masaki","doi":"10.1364/osac.431693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.431693","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrally efficient optical communication with flexible capacity is required in the prospective adaptive photonic network. Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of candidates to contribute to this type of photonic network. Here we report on a gate-free integrated-optic tunable filter that can demultiplex optical OFDM signals with various number and symbol rate sub-carrier channels. The filter consists of tunable couplers, an array of delay lines, and a slab star coupler-type optical Fourier transformation circuit. We can tune the number and/or the symbol rate of demultiplexed optical OFDM channels by selecting the delay lines with the tunable couplers. Optical timing gates were normally attached to the filter output ports with a view to extracting the effective time of the filtered channels. In this investigation, we removed the optical gates and substituted a high-speed photodetector for the gate with a view to achieving completely passive demultiplexing of the various capacity optical OFDM signals. Various channel symbol rate and channel number OFDM signals (5 × 10 to 20 Gsymbol/s and 3 × 20 Gsymbol/s) were successfully demultiplexed with this gate-free tunable filter. Our star coupler-type tunable OFDM filter without the gates was used to demultiplex various channel symbol rate optical OFDM signals for the first time.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46451759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Chakrabarti, M. Obaidat, Shahriar Mostufa, A. Paul
Whispering gallery modes (WGM) have revolutionized the field of optical sensors. This paper presents a design and simulation of a novel structure called a “multi-core whispering gallery mode (WGM)” based on multiple evanescent waves coupling for detecting cancer cells and diabetes tear cells. This work is totally simulation based, and the simulation is done by a finite element method based simulation tool. From the simulation, it is expected that the proposed sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 650 nm/RIU, 666.67 nm/RIU, and 642.285 nm/RIU, respectively, for the detection of cancerous Basal, HeLa, and MDB-MB-231 cells. In addition, it is also capable of detecting affected diabetes tear cells from healthy tear cells with a sensitivity of 650 nm/RIU. To the best of our knowledge, the resultant sensitivity of the proposed sensor is probably the highest compared to other WGM based bio-sensors till now.
{"title":"Design and analysis of a multi-core whispering gallery mode bio-sensor for detecting cancer cells and diabetes tear cells","authors":"K. Chakrabarti, M. Obaidat, Shahriar Mostufa, A. Paul","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.431883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.431883","url":null,"abstract":"Whispering gallery modes (WGM) have revolutionized the field of optical sensors. This paper presents a design and simulation of a novel structure called a “multi-core whispering gallery mode (WGM)” based on multiple evanescent waves coupling for detecting cancer cells and diabetes tear cells. This work is totally simulation based, and the simulation is done by a finite element method based simulation tool. From the simulation, it is expected that the proposed sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 650 nm/RIU, 666.67 nm/RIU, and 642.285 nm/RIU, respectively, for the detection of cancerous Basal, HeLa, and MDB-MB-231 cells. In addition, it is also capable of detecting affected diabetes tear cells from healthy tear cells with a sensitivity of 650 nm/RIU. To the best of our knowledge, the resultant sensitivity of the proposed sensor is probably the highest compared to other WGM based bio-sensors till now.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collimated illumination with a light-emitting diode (LED) is widely used in the residential, commercial, and industrial inspection fields. A slim LED illuminator composed of multi-parabolic surfaces to combine perpendicular collimated illuminations is proposed here. The multi-parabolic illuminator can produce a collimated rectangular illumination where light angle distributions for perpendicular axes can independently be controlled by different parabolic surfaces. This independence of the control makes the design of the illuminator simple. A prototype of the multi-parabolic illuminator is fabricated with an LED chip size of 3×3 mm and an opening aperture size of 20×60 mm. A maximum width of the prototype is 20 mm. The prototype demonstrates a production of a highly collimated rectangular illumination with half-intensity angles of about 7 degrees and 34 degrees for respective perpendicular axes.
{"title":"Multi-parabolic illuminator to combine perpendicular collimated illuminations with an LED source","authors":"H. Ohno","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.431291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.431291","url":null,"abstract":"Collimated illumination with a light-emitting diode (LED) is widely used in the residential, commercial, and industrial inspection fields. A slim LED illuminator composed of multi-parabolic surfaces to combine perpendicular collimated illuminations is proposed here. The multi-parabolic illuminator can produce a collimated rectangular illumination where light angle distributions for perpendicular axes can independently be controlled by different parabolic surfaces. This independence of the control makes the design of the illuminator simple. A prototype of the multi-parabolic illuminator is fabricated with an LED chip size of 3×3 mm and an opening aperture size of 20×60 mm. A maximum width of the prototype is 20 mm. The prototype demonstrates a production of a highly collimated rectangular illumination with half-intensity angles of about 7 degrees and 34 degrees for respective perpendicular axes.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43543988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. K. Shakhi, M. M. Bijeesh, Geetha K. Varier, P. Nandakumar
The confocal fluorescence microscope is an essential live cell imaging tool in bioscience research. Several experimental investigations in the field of biomedical research require a dedicated confocal fluorescence microscope. However, commercial confocal microscopes are prohibitively expensive for many individual laboratories and they often have an inflexible design not amenable to user desired modifications. Here we report on the design, development, and calibration of a cost-effective dual channel confocal fluorescence microscope that can capture two biological events simultaneously. The microscope is successfully employed to image and study the simultaneously occurring active and passive transport of molecules across the nuclear membrane. Passive diffusion of FITC labelled dextran molecules are monitored along with the active transport of gold nanoparticles of diameter 20 nm in the time-lapse imaging mode. The experiments carried out in digitonin permeabilized HeLa cells indicate that both active and passive nuclear transport pathways coexist together.
{"title":"An in-house constructed dual channel confocal fluorescence microscope for biomolecular imaging","authors":"P. K. Shakhi, M. M. Bijeesh, Geetha K. Varier, P. Nandakumar","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.428601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.428601","url":null,"abstract":"The confocal fluorescence microscope is an essential live cell imaging tool in bioscience research. Several experimental investigations in the field of biomedical research require a dedicated confocal fluorescence microscope. However, commercial confocal microscopes are prohibitively expensive for many individual laboratories and they often have an inflexible design not amenable to user desired modifications. Here we report on the design, development, and calibration of a cost-effective dual channel confocal fluorescence microscope that can capture two biological events simultaneously. The microscope is successfully employed to image and study the simultaneously occurring active and passive transport of molecules across the nuclear membrane. Passive diffusion of FITC labelled dextran molecules are monitored along with the active transport of gold nanoparticles of diameter 20 nm in the time-lapse imaging mode. The experiments carried out in digitonin permeabilized HeLa cells indicate that both active and passive nuclear transport pathways coexist together.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tu, Jonathan Hu, C. Menyuk, T. Carruthers, L. Brandon Shaw, L. Busse, J. Sanghera
We computationally study two-layer motheye nanostructures fabricated on MgAl2O4 spinel ceramic windows. We investigated the parameters of the structure, including height, width, and shape, in order to optimize its power transmission efficiency over a broad bandwidth. We found a two-layer motheye structure in which the cones of the upper structure have a concave shape that can theoretically achieve more than 99.8% transmission at normal incidence in the wavelength range between 0.4 μm and 5.0 μm.
{"title":"Optimized two-layer motheye structures for MgAl2O4 spinel ceramic windows","authors":"C. Tu, Jonathan Hu, C. Menyuk, T. Carruthers, L. Brandon Shaw, L. Busse, J. Sanghera","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.428319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.428319","url":null,"abstract":"We computationally study two-layer motheye nanostructures fabricated on MgAl2O4 spinel ceramic windows. We investigated the parameters of the structure, including height, width, and shape, in order to optimize its power transmission efficiency over a broad bandwidth. We found a two-layer motheye structure in which the cones of the upper structure have a concave shape that can theoretically achieve more than 99.8% transmission at normal incidence in the wavelength range between 0.4 μm and 5.0 μm.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41395566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Wang, Jingzhe Pang, D. Bao, Wanlin Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Li Wang, Qing Yan, Dengxin Hua
In order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio by using small laser energy and telescope aperture, we present a detection method based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (RBS) for the measurement of atmospheric temperature without response functions and calibration procedures by using high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL). Different from the traditional HSRL, a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with a continuous tunable cavity and polarization optical scheme are employed in a high spectral resolution filter. In order to continuously change the resonant frequency of the FPI, an electro-optical crystal of potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP) with two ring electrodes is used as a continuous tunable cavity in the FPI. At each scanned frequency point corresponded with the resonant frequency of the FPI, the received signals of four discrete points on RBS are obtained. Atmospheric temperature is inverted by using a RBS model. The polarization optical scheme is used to suppress the solar background light, and improve the utilization of return signals. In detection experiment of atmospheric temperature, the detection height is 2 km at night and 1.5 km during the day by using a pulsed energy of 30 mJ and telescope diameter of 250 mm. The results are in good agreement with the data detected by radiosonde.
{"title":"Absolute detection of atmospheric temperature by using a scanning Fabry-Pérot interferometer in high spectral resolution lidar","authors":"Jun Wang, Jingzhe Pang, D. Bao, Wanlin Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Li Wang, Qing Yan, Dengxin Hua","doi":"10.1364/osac.427758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.427758","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio by using small laser energy and telescope aperture, we present a detection method based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (RBS) for the measurement of atmospheric temperature without response functions and calibration procedures by using high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL). Different from the traditional HSRL, a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with a continuous tunable cavity and polarization optical scheme are employed in a high spectral resolution filter. In order to continuously change the resonant frequency of the FPI, an electro-optical crystal of potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP) with two ring electrodes is used as a continuous tunable cavity in the FPI. At each scanned frequency point corresponded with the resonant frequency of the FPI, the received signals of four discrete points on RBS are obtained. Atmospheric temperature is inverted by using a RBS model. The polarization optical scheme is used to suppress the solar background light, and improve the utilization of return signals. In detection experiment of atmospheric temperature, the detection height is 2 km at night and 1.5 km during the day by using a pulsed energy of 30 mJ and telescope diameter of 250 mm. The results are in good agreement with the data detected by radiosonde.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44901665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inkyu Moon, Youhyun Kim, Samaneh Gholami, Ongee Jeong
Digital cryptosystems can provide perfect forward secrecy (PFS) for key exchange protocols based on the Diffie–Hellman (DH) scheme. However, key exchange algorithms are optimally designed only to encode small datasets, such as text and voice sets, which makes rapidly processing large-scale datasets difficult. In this paper, we propose new schemes that can efficiently and securely provide PFS in double random phase encoding (DRPE) schemes for robust image cryptography. We demonstrate that the proposed complex sinusoidal waveform versions of the DH algorithm with fusion of a random phase mask (RPM) and ephemeral secret exponents can guarantee PFS. Different experimental results reveal that the proposed schemes can enhance the security of DRPE-based image cryptosystems using a one-time RPM and PFS. We also propose a ring-type PFS scheme in which an unlimited number of users can securely share a temporary session key, which is an extension of PFS for only two users. We provide formal proof for the schemes and prove feasibility through numerical simulations.
{"title":"Double random phase encoding schemes with perfect forward secrecy for robust image cryptography","authors":"Inkyu Moon, Youhyun Kim, Samaneh Gholami, Ongee Jeong","doi":"10.1364/osac.426537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.426537","url":null,"abstract":"Digital cryptosystems can provide perfect forward secrecy (PFS) for key exchange protocols based on the Diffie–Hellman (DH) scheme. However, key exchange algorithms are optimally designed only to encode small datasets, such as text and voice sets, which makes rapidly processing large-scale datasets difficult. In this paper, we propose new schemes that can efficiently and securely provide PFS in double random phase encoding (DRPE) schemes for robust image cryptography. We demonstrate that the proposed complex sinusoidal waveform versions of the DH algorithm with fusion of a random phase mask (RPM) and ephemeral secret exponents can guarantee PFS. Different experimental results reveal that the proposed schemes can enhance the security of DRPE-based image cryptosystems using a one-time RPM and PFS. We also propose a ring-type PFS scheme in which an unlimited number of users can securely share a temporary session key, which is an extension of PFS for only two users. We provide formal proof for the schemes and prove feasibility through numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44004825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a single-layer wideband dual-linearly polarized reflective element is developed operating from 13GHz to 15.5GHz. The developed reflective metasurface can produce orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with required modes, beam numbers, direction, x-, y- or both x- and -y polarizations. To demonstrate this versatility, three reflectarrays with multiple modes, multiple beams, and both x- and -y polarizations are designed, and one is fabricated and measured to validate the design. The measured peak gain, aperture efficiency, divergence angle is 19dBi, 11.54%, 6°, respectively. The designed reflectarray has potential applications for high communication rate.
{"title":"Single-layer Wideband Reflectarray with dual-polarization for multiple OAM beams","authors":"Hui-fen Huang, Shuhui Xie","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.427110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.427110","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a single-layer wideband dual-linearly polarized reflective element is developed operating from 13GHz to 15.5GHz. The developed reflective metasurface can produce orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with required modes, beam numbers, direction, x-, y- or both x- and -y polarizations. To demonstrate this versatility, three reflectarrays with multiple modes, multiple beams, and both x- and -y polarizations are designed, and one is fabricated and measured to validate the design. The measured peak gain, aperture efficiency, divergence angle is 19dBi, 11.54%, 6°, respectively. The designed reflectarray has potential applications for high communication rate.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enduring the rapidly growing demand for high data rates is the main challenge for the current network providers. Super passive optical network (Super-PON), a prominent next generation Ethernet PON (NG-EPON) candidate, can suffice this exponentially increasing data rate requirements. However, to appease such requirements, it employs many transceivers and increases the power-consumption of the network. In this work, we focus on reducing the carbon footprint of Super-PON and propose power-efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) algorithms, namely best fit bin-packing sleep mode aware (BF-SMA) and updated BF-SMA (UBF-SMA). The proposed algorithms use SMA for bandwidth scheduling and different bin-packing techniques for wavelength allocation. In bin-packing, the number of available wavelengths and their efficient allocation is based on the network load. For restricting the number of available wavelengths, we can switch off the non-essential transceivers at the OLT, which also helps in maximizing the wavelength utilization and increasing the power efficiency. The simulation results show that in comparison to the state-of-the-art DBWA algorithms, the proposed algorithms improve the power efficiency and reduce the average delay of a Super-PON system. Furthermore, we use Jain’s fairness index to validate the fairness of the proposed DBWA algorithms.
{"title":"Bin-Packing Based Offline Dynamic Bandwidth and Wavelength Allocation Algorithms for Power Efficiency in Super-PON","authors":"Sukriti Garg, A. Dixit","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.430997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.430997","url":null,"abstract":"Enduring the rapidly growing demand for high data rates is the main challenge for the current network providers. Super passive optical network (Super-PON), a prominent next generation Ethernet PON (NG-EPON) candidate, can suffice this exponentially increasing data rate requirements. However, to appease such requirements, it employs many transceivers and increases the power-consumption of the network. In this work, we focus on reducing the carbon footprint of Super-PON and propose power-efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) algorithms, namely best fit bin-packing sleep mode aware (BF-SMA) and updated BF-SMA (UBF-SMA). The proposed algorithms use SMA for bandwidth scheduling and different bin-packing techniques for wavelength allocation. In bin-packing, the number of available wavelengths and their efficient allocation is based on the network load. For restricting the number of available wavelengths, we can switch off the non-essential transceivers at the OLT, which also helps in maximizing the wavelength utilization and increasing the power efficiency. The simulation results show that in comparison to the state-of-the-art DBWA algorithms, the proposed algorithms improve the power efficiency and reduce the average delay of a Super-PON system. Furthermore, we use Jain’s fairness index to validate the fairness of the proposed DBWA algorithms.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48392083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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