{"title":"Renal function analysis and dehydrated status in horses","authors":"Hua-Cheng Lo, J. Winter, H. Gehlen","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83533586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The intravitreal gentamicin-injection for treatment of the equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) – status quo","authors":"M. Neumann, B. Ohnesorge","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79976124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Stachurska, M. Różańska-Boczula, E. Wnuk-Pawlak
The objective of the study was to determine the difference in the locomotor activity of horses that are maintained with conspecifics and released into a paddock with a companion or alone. Three horses out of eleven adult Hucul geldings in the facility which were housed in pairs in box-stalls and released outdoor together were randomly included in the study. Each horse studied stayed in the box-stall with another horse which was not included in the study. Horses were released into the experimental paddock for 1 h daily over 12 days for the investigation. One solitary horse followed by one pair of horses were observed every day. The locomotor activity was quantified as the number of steps in walking, trotting or cantering and the number of changes in gait from a slower gait to a faster gait and conversely, from a faster gait to a slower gait. The influence of the treatment effect was estimated with the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The non-parametric Friedman test was used to estimate the day effect. The results show that the mean number of forelimb steps in trot and canter and changes in the gait were higher during paired release than in solitary release. The tendency for a higher number of steps in walk during paired release was insignificant. The Friedman test did not reveal any significant differences between the successive days. The lower locomotor activity in horses turned out alone compared to solitary release indicates that the companion provokes the other horse’s locomotion, even when the horses are maintained with conspecifics for the whole day. Considering the benefits of movement, paired turnout may be one of the factors which provide appropriate welfare for horses. This finding has implications for optimising the turnout circumstances. When voluntary exercise is desired, the horse should not be released alone. The issue warrants further investigation in horses maintained without conspecific company.
{"title":"The difference in the locomotor activity of horses during solitary and paired release","authors":"A. Stachurska, M. Różańska-Boczula, E. Wnuk-Pawlak","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210107","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to determine the difference in the locomotor activity of horses that are maintained with conspecifics and released into a paddock with a companion or alone. Three horses out of eleven adult Hucul geldings in the facility which were housed in pairs in box-stalls and released outdoor together were randomly included in the study. Each horse studied stayed in the box-stall with another horse which was not included in the study. Horses were released into the experimental paddock for 1 h daily over 12 days for the investigation. One solitary horse followed by one pair of horses were observed every day. The locomotor activity was quantified as the number of steps in walking, trotting or cantering and the number of changes in gait from a slower gait to a faster gait and conversely, from a faster gait to a slower gait. The influence of the treatment effect was estimated with the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The non-parametric Friedman test was used to estimate the day effect. The results show that the mean number of forelimb steps in trot and canter and changes in the gait were higher during paired release than in solitary release. The tendency for a higher number of steps in walk during paired release was insignificant. The Friedman test did not reveal any significant differences between the successive days. The lower locomotor activity in horses turned out alone compared to solitary release indicates that the companion provokes the other horse’s locomotion, even when the horses are maintained with conspecifics for the whole day. Considering the benefits of movement, paired turnout may be one of the factors which provide appropriate welfare for horses. This finding has implications for optimising the turnout circumstances. When voluntary exercise is desired, the horse should not be released alone. The issue warrants further investigation in horses maintained without conspecific company.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74499411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Gehlen, Klein k-S, S. Stöckle, A. Lübke-Becker, R. Merle, R. Köck, B. Walther
{"title":"Effects of hygiene management on wound infection rates in an equine clinic","authors":"H. Gehlen, Klein k-S, S. Stöckle, A. Lübke-Becker, R. Merle, R. Köck, B. Walther","doi":"10.21836/pem20210607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20210607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85500210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prospective controlled study with the ligation of the spermatic cord in abdominal cryptorchid horses by laparoscopic approach results in a functional castration. To examine the effect of ligation of the mesovarium on the functional viability of the ovary in five mares (one Dutch Warmblood and 4 Welsh ponies), from 3 to 16 years of age, with normal ovaries, the mesovarium, including the ovarian artery and vein, was ligated intra-abdominally using a laparoscopic technique in the standing position. The ovaries were left in place. Post-operative estrogen and progesterone levels were measured. Bilateral relaparoscopy was performed on day 14, day 28 and 5 months after the initial surgery in all 5 mares and the mares were subsequently euthanized. Autopsy was performed and the ovaries and uterus were examined macroscopically and histologically. Additionally, the same laparoscopic procedure was performed on 4 patients with informed consent of the owners. In result the mean oestrogen and progesterone level of 7 out of 9 mares were low after surgery. The procedure of a two-step ligation of the ovary, with out removing the ovary, was successful in 15 out of the 18 ovaries (83 %). In conclusion the castration of mares by ligation, without removal of the ovaries, by laparoscopic intervention is possible. The surgical technique for devitalisation of the ovaries is safe and represents a method of castrating in the standing patient in a minimal invasive way. However, the procedure resulted in effective castration only in 6 of the 9 mares (67 %). The failure was probably technique-based and further modification of the applied procedure is necessary to improve the success rate. The low number of mares limitates the significance of the study.
{"title":"Efficacy of laparoscopic ligation of the mesovarium of the mare in the standing position without removal of the ovary","authors":"A. Rijkenhuizen, F. Jonker, G. Grinwis","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210102","url":null,"abstract":"The prospective controlled study with the ligation of the spermatic cord in abdominal cryptorchid horses by laparoscopic approach results in a functional castration. To examine the effect of ligation of the mesovarium on the functional viability of the ovary in five mares (one Dutch Warmblood and 4 Welsh ponies), from 3 to 16 years of age, with normal ovaries, the mesovarium, including the ovarian artery and vein, was ligated intra-abdominally using a laparoscopic technique in the standing position. The ovaries were left in place. Post-operative estrogen and progesterone levels were measured. Bilateral relaparoscopy was performed on day 14, day 28 and 5 months after the initial surgery in all 5 mares and the mares were subsequently euthanized. Autopsy was performed and the ovaries and uterus were examined macroscopically and histologically. Additionally, the same laparoscopic procedure was performed on 4 patients with informed consent of the owners. In result the mean oestrogen and progesterone level of 7 out of 9 mares were low after surgery. The procedure of a two-step ligation of the ovary, with out removing the ovary, was successful in 15 out of the 18 ovaries (83 %). In conclusion the castration of mares by ligation, without removal of the ovaries, by laparoscopic intervention is possible. The surgical technique for devitalisation of the ovaries is safe and represents a method of castrating in the standing patient in a minimal invasive way. However, the procedure resulted in effective castration only in 6 of the 9 mares (67 %). The failure was probably technique-based and further modification of the applied procedure is necessary to improve the success rate. The low number of mares limitates the significance of the study.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86217260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corneal oedema of suspected endothelial origin in five horses: diagnostics, superficial keratectomy and Gunderson inlay flap and preliminary outcome","authors":"E. Visser, I. J. Slenter, S. Veraa, H. Hermans","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84657188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Cokelaere, R. V. Bolaños, S. Both, Mariëlle Vullers, N. Korthagen, R. V. Weeren, J. C. Grauw
1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 2 Catedra de Cirugía de Especies Mayores, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica 3 Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 4 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
1乌得勒支大学兽医学院马科学系，乌得勒支，荷兰。2哥斯达黎加埃雷迪亚国立大学兽医学院马约尔斯兽医学院Catedra de Cirugía . 3荷兰恩斯赫德特温特大学科学与技术学院发育生物工程学系。4荷兰乌得勒支大学医学中心骨科学系
{"title":"Nanofracturing: a new technique for bone marrow stimulation in equine cartilage repair","authors":"S. Cokelaere, R. V. Bolaños, S. Both, Mariëlle Vullers, N. Korthagen, R. V. Weeren, J. C. Grauw","doi":"10.21836/pem20200201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20200201","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 2 Catedra de Cirugía de Especies Mayores, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica 3 Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 4 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89032514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common health problem in horses and foals. Beside the importance of forage feeding for the gastric mucosa, results of studies targeting the specific effect of alfalfa on different gastric mucosal regions are controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of the two forage types (1) meadow hay and (2) alfalfa hay with similar fiber length on different gastric mucosal regions in order to further clarify the effect of alfalfa hay on the equine gastric mucosa. It was hypothesized that feeding alfalfa hay will impair mucosal integrity of the pylorus and antrum pyloricum but may be a benefit for the squamous regions. In a randomized blinded prospective study with a cross-over design, 10 healthy adult warmblood horses were separated randomly into two groups each with five horses. Both groups were fed with 2 kg/100 kg BW/animal/day alfalfa hay or meadow hay in two feeding periods each 21 days long. A wash out period of 21 days was conducted between the feeding periods. Before and after feeding periods body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), clinical health status, feces pH and particle size and gastroscopic findings were determined. Each region of the gastric mucosa was assessed and scored separately. Data such as BW, fecal pH and fecal particle size were analyzed for normal distribution by the Shapiro-Wilks test. BCS, gastroscopic findings and fecal pH were subjected to non-parametric statistical tests. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were performed to compare the findings in gastric mucosal scores, BCS and fecal pH. The relative change in BW and fecal particle size were analyzed by one-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data are presented as medians, 25th and 75th percentiles. Relative BW changes and fecal particle size are given as means ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Before starting the feeding trial, the prevalence of overall gastric mucosal lesions was 100 % with a median severity score of 1. After the feeding period, the median lesion score of the lesser curvature of the squamous region decreased significantly from a median of 1 to a median of 0 in the alfalfa group. The median score of 0 remained constant before and after feeding the meadow hay. Findings in the pyloric region did not differ significantly between the two feeding groups. We concluded that feeding alfalfa hay seems to have no detrimental effects on the mucosal integrity at the squamous gastric region in healthy adult horses. With respect to the glandular area, feeding alfalfa hay appears to be noncritical in healthy adult horses. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of feeding alfalfa hay in horses suffering from severe mucosal lesions at the antrum pyloricum or pylorus. Furthermore, the longer fecal particle size in horses fed alfalfa hay needs further elucidation.
{"title":"Effects of feeding alfalfa hay in comparison to meadow hay on the gastric mucosa in adult Warmblood horses","authors":"V. Bäuerlein, C. Sabban, M. Venner, I. Vervuert","doi":"10.21836/pem20200105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20200105","url":null,"abstract":"Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common health problem in horses and foals. Beside the importance of forage feeding for the gastric mucosa, results of studies targeting the specific effect of alfalfa on different gastric mucosal regions are controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of the two forage types (1) meadow hay and (2) alfalfa hay with similar fiber length on different gastric mucosal regions in order to further clarify the effect of alfalfa hay on the equine gastric mucosa. It was hypothesized that feeding alfalfa hay will impair mucosal integrity of the pylorus and antrum pyloricum but may be a benefit for the squamous regions. In a randomized blinded prospective study with a cross-over design, 10 healthy adult warmblood horses were separated randomly into two groups each with five horses. Both groups were fed with 2 kg/100 kg BW/animal/day alfalfa hay or meadow hay in two feeding periods each 21 days long. A wash out period of 21 days was conducted between the feeding periods. Before and after feeding periods body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), clinical health status, feces pH and particle size and gastroscopic findings were determined. Each region of the gastric mucosa was assessed and scored separately. Data such as BW, fecal pH and fecal particle size were analyzed for normal distribution by the Shapiro-Wilks test. BCS, gastroscopic findings and fecal pH were subjected to non-parametric statistical tests. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were performed to compare the findings in gastric mucosal scores, BCS and fecal pH. The relative change in BW and fecal particle size were analyzed by one-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data are presented as medians, 25th and 75th percentiles. Relative BW changes and fecal particle size are given as means ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Before starting the feeding trial, the prevalence of overall gastric mucosal lesions was 100 % with a median severity score of 1. After the feeding period, the median lesion score of the lesser curvature of the squamous region decreased significantly from a median of 1 to a median of 0 in the alfalfa group. The median score of 0 remained constant before and after feeding the meadow hay. Findings in the pyloric region did not differ significantly between the two feeding groups. We concluded that feeding alfalfa hay seems to have no detrimental effects on the mucosal integrity at the squamous gastric region in healthy adult horses. With respect to the glandular area, feeding alfalfa hay appears to be noncritical in healthy adult horses. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of feeding alfalfa hay in horses suffering from severe mucosal lesions at the antrum pyloricum or pylorus. Furthermore, the longer fecal particle size in horses fed alfalfa hay needs further elucidation.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77743048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. García, M. Gil-Molino, J. Galapero, M. Martín-Cuervo, B. Fuentes-Romero, M. Iglesias-García
Summary: This case report describes the lesions and clinical findings in a horse sent to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the University of Extremadura for an infected wound, on the lateral aspect of the left hind limb. The infection was caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Clostridium novyi type A, a bacterial co-infection that could eventually lead to synergistic infection and fatal myonecrosis. It is possible that prior infection with aerobic or facultative bacteria, such as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, as part of the bacterial flora of horses, may promote, by creating a low potential redox environment, the germination of Clostridium novyi type A spores. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the second report of Clostridium novyi type A as a causative agent of myonecrosis in horses. The anaerobic bacteria involved in clinical cases may be underreported due to the difficulty and inefficiency of culturing these microorganisms on some occasions.
{"title":"Myonecrosis caused by double infection of S. equi subspecies zooepidermicus and Clostridium novyi type A in a horse","authors":"A. García, M. Gil-Molino, J. Galapero, M. Martín-Cuervo, B. Fuentes-Romero, M. Iglesias-García","doi":"10.21836/pem20200404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20200404","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: This case report describes the lesions and clinical findings in a horse sent to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the University of Extremadura for an infected wound, on the lateral aspect of the left hind limb. The infection was caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Clostridium novyi type A, a bacterial co-infection that could eventually lead to synergistic infection and fatal myonecrosis. It is possible that prior infection with aerobic or facultative bacteria, such as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, as part of the bacterial flora of horses, may promote, by creating a low potential redox environment, the germination of Clostridium novyi type A spores. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the second report of Clostridium novyi type A as a causative agent of myonecrosis in horses. The anaerobic bacteria involved in clinical cases may be underreported due to the difficulty and inefficiency of culturing these microorganisms on some occasions.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81521714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laparoscopic two-steps ovariohysterectomy in five mares with chronic pyometra","authors":"M. Delcazo, T. Pudert, M. Al Naem, M. Röcken","doi":"10.21836/pem20200503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20200503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84534896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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