A. Schwieder, M. V. Borstel, J. Echelmeyer, B. Ohnesorge
{"title":"Successful use of porcine small intestinal submucosa grafts for the treatment of a deep melting corneal ulcer in a foal","authors":"A. Schwieder, M. V. Borstel, J. Echelmeyer, B. Ohnesorge","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88191380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gil-Molino, S. Zurita, I. Martín-Basconcillos, F. E. Martín-Cano, C. Gaona-Álvarez, C. González-Velasco, Á. García-Sánchez
Summary: Subclinical endometritis has a negative impact on the reproductive performance of the mares concerned. The present article describes the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in a 14-year-old Oldenburg brood mare with a previous reproductive history of difficulty in becoming pregnant. Uterine cotton swabs were taken and sent to the laboratory for microbiological and cytological tests. Curvularia spicifera and Escherichia coli were isolated as causative agents. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that Curvularia spicifera has been implicated as a causal agent of subclinical endometritis in a mare. A successful treatment was established by infusing 120 ml of 3 % hydrogen peroxide in lactated Ringer’s solution into the uterus to remove the fungi that could adhere to the luminal epithelium, followed the next day by further uterine lavage of lactated Ringer’s solution. In addition, 7.5 mg/kg oral enrofloxacin was administrated for seven days.
{"title":"Subclinical endometritis in a mare by Curvularia spicifera and Escherichia coli co-infection","authors":"M. Gil-Molino, S. Zurita, I. Martín-Basconcillos, F. E. Martín-Cano, C. Gaona-Álvarez, C. González-Velasco, Á. García-Sánchez","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210203","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Subclinical endometritis has a negative impact on the reproductive performance of the mares concerned. The present article describes the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in a 14-year-old Oldenburg brood mare with a previous reproductive history of difficulty in becoming pregnant. Uterine cotton swabs were taken and sent to the laboratory for microbiological and cytological tests. Curvularia spicifera and Escherichia coli were isolated as causative agents. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that Curvularia spicifera has been implicated as a causal agent of subclinical endometritis in a mare. A successful treatment was established by infusing 120 ml of 3 % hydrogen peroxide in lactated Ringer’s solution into the uterus to remove the fungi that could adhere to the luminal epithelium, followed the next day by further uterine lavage of lactated Ringer’s solution. In addition, 7.5 mg/kg oral enrofloxacin was administrated for seven days.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86218394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outbreak of equine grass sickness in Denmark – 4 cases","authors":"N. Rešetič, A. Richter Jorgensen, L. Husted","doi":"10.21836/pem20210602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20210602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80937648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: The ultrasonographic examination of foals with pneumonia has been proven successful in monitoring the course of the disease during treatment. However, the question arises whether another parameter, such as the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), could also be suitable for evaluating the response to treatment, the course during treatment or the decision to terminate the treatment in foals with pneumonia. The course of moderate or severe pneumonia was recorded by several diagnostic tests in a prospective study performed on 52 foals. Clinical and ultrasonographical examination of the thorax and blood values (SAA, white blood cell count) of these foals were measured on the day of diagnosis and weekly during treatment. Foals with a pulmonary abscess score of 15–19.5 cm determined by sonography of the thorax (moderate pneumonia) were assigned to group 1 (n = 31) and received a treatment with rifampin and tulathromycin. If the abscess score was > 20 cm (severe pneumonia), the foals were included in group 2 (n = 21) and were treated with rifampin and azithromycin. All foals recovered during the treatment period. Sonography of the thorax of the foals with moderate pneumonia (group 1) showed no more pathologic findings after ten days, and the foals with severe pneumonia (group 2) after eleven days of treatment. At diagnosis the median SAA value at diagnosis was 367 mg/L (median; 25th/75th: 23–937) in foals with moderate pneumonia and 216 mg/L (median; 25th/75th: 16–690) in those with severe pneumonia. The SAA values of foals with initially elevated values decreased significantly until they reached normal values < 40 mg/L after five days in the foals with moderate pneumonia and four days in the those with severe pneumonia. The time between the day SAA reached normal values and ultrasonography of the lung revealed no more abnormalities was three days in foals with moderate pneumonia and seven days in those with severe pneumonia. The SAA as a diagnostic method had a sensitivity of 68 % in the case of moderate pneumonia and 71 % in the case of severe pneumonia on the day of diagnosis. If only the foals with pneumonia and fever were considered, 91 % showed an initially increased SAA. During treatment, the SAA correlated with the abscess score, the clinical score and the age at diagnosis, but not with the number of white blood cells. In conclusion, the ultrasonographic examination remains the most precise tool to diagnose pneumonia and follow its progress during treatment in foals. However, the SAA can be used as an additional parameter for evaluating the treatment success. Especially foals with fever and younger foals show high SAA values in patients with pneumonia. By observing the kinetics of SAA in a patient, this blood parameter could be a support to adjust the date of the final ultrasonographic examination. Thereby, the duration of treatment can be individually adapted.
{"title":"Kinetics of serum amyloid A during the treatment period of foals with pneumonia","authors":"A. Lankenfeld, C. Weber, K. Rohn, M. Venner","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210204","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The ultrasonographic examination of foals with pneumonia has been proven successful in monitoring the course of the disease during treatment. However, the question arises whether another parameter, such as the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), could also be suitable for evaluating the response to treatment, the course during treatment or the decision to terminate the treatment in foals with pneumonia. The course of moderate or severe pneumonia was recorded by several diagnostic tests in a prospective study performed on 52 foals. Clinical and ultrasonographical examination of the thorax and blood values (SAA, white blood cell count) of these foals were measured on the day of diagnosis and weekly during treatment. Foals with a pulmonary abscess score of 15–19.5 cm determined by sonography of the thorax (moderate pneumonia) were assigned to group 1 (n = 31) and received a treatment with rifampin and tulathromycin. If the abscess score was > 20 cm (severe pneumonia), the foals were included in group 2 (n = 21) and were treated with rifampin and azithromycin. All foals recovered during the treatment period. Sonography of the thorax of the foals with moderate pneumonia (group 1) showed no more pathologic findings after ten days, and the foals with severe pneumonia (group 2) after eleven days of treatment. At diagnosis the median SAA value at diagnosis was 367 mg/L (median; 25th/75th: 23–937) in foals with moderate pneumonia and 216 mg/L (median; 25th/75th: 16–690) in those with severe pneumonia. The SAA values of foals with initially elevated values decreased significantly until they reached normal values < 40 mg/L after five days in the foals with moderate pneumonia and four days in the those with severe pneumonia. The time between the day SAA reached normal values and ultrasonography of the lung revealed no more abnormalities was three days in foals with moderate pneumonia and seven days in those with severe pneumonia. The SAA as a diagnostic method had a sensitivity of 68 % in the case of moderate pneumonia and 71 % in the case of severe pneumonia on the day of diagnosis. If only the foals with pneumonia and fever were considered, 91 % showed an initially increased SAA. During treatment, the SAA correlated with the abscess score, the clinical score and the age at diagnosis, but not with the number of white blood cells. In conclusion, the ultrasonographic examination remains the most precise tool to diagnose pneumonia and follow its progress during treatment in foals. However, the SAA can be used as an additional parameter for evaluating the treatment success. Especially foals with fever and younger foals show high SAA values in patients with pneumonia. By observing the kinetics of SAA in a patient, this blood parameter could be a support to adjust the date of the final ultrasonographic examination. Thereby, the duration of treatment can be individually adapted.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79350325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are toxic for horses. Not only herbal teas also compound feed products for equids have tested positive for PA contamination. Nutraceuticals for horses are used for their constitutional effects regarding different organ systems, for example the liver. Especially in nutraceuticals used for their hepatoprotective and regenerative effects a high PA content would be a disadvantage. The present article aims to discuss the problems associated with demanding a PA-free nutraceutical and elucidates adapting the HACCP concept with regards to the European Medical Association’s recommendations with the aim of an “as low as reasonably achievable” PA contamination (ALARA concept). In conclusion, the knowledge about the risk of PA contamination should prompt suppliers of herbs as well as manufacturers of herb-based products to voluntarily implement regular quality control measures within their Code of Practice and HACCP concept to minimize PA contamination.
{"title":"Is it possible to avoid pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination in equine herb containing nutraceuticals?","authors":"B. Schwarz, G. Alber","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210202","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are toxic for horses. Not only herbal teas also compound feed products for equids have tested positive for PA contamination. Nutraceuticals for horses are used for their constitutional effects regarding different organ systems, for example the liver. Especially in nutraceuticals used for their hepatoprotective and regenerative effects a high PA content would be a disadvantage. The present article aims to discuss the problems associated with demanding a PA-free nutraceutical and elucidates adapting the HACCP concept with regards to the European Medical Association’s recommendations with the aim of an “as low as reasonably achievable” PA contamination (ALARA concept). In conclusion, the knowledge about the risk of PA contamination should prompt suppliers of herbs as well as manufacturers of herb-based products to voluntarily implement regular quality control measures within their Code of Practice and HACCP concept to minimize PA contamination.","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85043636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. König, J. Delarocque, J. Echelmeyer, D. Eikelberg, S. Schwarz, W. Baumgärtner, K. Feige, S. Aboling
{"title":"Field study on Hypochaeris radicata L. in horse pastures in Germany – Australian stringhalt as a climatic and ecological phenomenon","authors":"K. König, J. Delarocque, J. Echelmeyer, D. Eikelberg, S. Schwarz, W. Baumgärtner, K. Feige, S. Aboling","doi":"10.21836/pem20210601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20210601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86861474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Witt, S. Hagedoorn, L. Kranenburg, R. van den Boom
{"title":"The use of cola for the treatment of gastric impactions in equids","authors":"P. Witt, S. Hagedoorn, L. Kranenburg, R. van den Boom","doi":"10.21836/pem20210604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20210604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80701630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela Schieder, E. Müller, A. Heusinger, J. C. Eule
{"title":"Study on the current resistance of the ocular microflora of the horse – Suitable locally applicable antibiotics for the initial treatment of conjunctivitis and keratitis in the horse","authors":"Angela Schieder, E. Müller, A. Heusinger, J. C. Eule","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84092498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Results of 654 trans-pars plana vitrectomies of equine eyes with recurrent uveitis – follow-up until 18 years after surgery","authors":"B. Wollanke, H. Gerhards, C. Schinagl","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73055344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biofilm formation in persistent infections and its role in the pathogenesis of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) – a literature review","authors":"P. Geissler, B. Wollanke","doi":"10.21836/PEM20210303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20210303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19771,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74711883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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