Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.19
G. Harlaftis
This paper examines the first 50 transitional years of a sea of isolation to a sea of internationalization. It provides analytical tools to reveal the mechanisms of how this was done. To do so it places in the centre of the analysis the sea. By using the approach of maritime history, an analysis beyond political borders, it follows the glance from the sea and its effects on land. In this way it examines the shipping movements of cargoes and people on the sea and the development and impact of this developmentaround the sea, on the Black Sea maritime regions, the port cities that grew and the entrepreneurs that triggered this growth and established its maritime networks.
{"title":"Black Sea and its Maritime Networks, 1770s-1820s. The Beginnings of Its European Integratio","authors":"G. Harlaftis","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.19","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the first 50 transitional years of a sea of isolation to a sea of internationalization. It provides analytical tools to reveal the mechanisms of how this was done. To do so it places in the centre of the analysis the sea. By using the approach of maritime history, an analysis beyond political borders, it follows the glance from the sea and its effects on land. In this way it examines the shipping movements of cargoes and people on the sea and the development and impact of this developmentaround the sea, on the Black Sea maritime regions, the port cities that grew and the entrepreneurs that triggered this growth and established its maritime networks.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114499768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.22
R. Unger
Between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries commerce in northern Europe expanded and contracted. The long term net effect of the trade increase was an overall substantial impact on the economy and on the culture of the lands around the North and Baltic Seas. The development of interdependent markets can be indicated by examining the tendency of prices to converge in different places. Relying on previous research and novel ways of constructing indices using price data from a number of ports in northern Europe it is possible to confirm both the long term direction, with ups and downs, toward market integration as well as the emergence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries of regional markets in certain food grains.
{"title":"Markets and Merchants: Commercial and Cultural Integration in Northwest Europe, 1300-1700","authors":"R. Unger","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.22","url":null,"abstract":"Between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries commerce in northern Europe expanded and contracted. The long term net effect of the trade increase was an overall substantial impact on the economy and on the culture of the lands around the North and Baltic Seas. The development of interdependent markets can be indicated by examining the tendency of prices to converge in different places. Relying on previous research and novel ways of constructing indices using price data from a number of ports in northern Europe it is possible to confirm both the long term direction, with ups and downs, toward market integration as well as the emergence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries of regional markets in certain food grains.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127072300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.08
Renard Gluzman, Gerassimon Pagratis
The present collaborative work in progress is an empirical attempt verifying the interplay between political change, fleet nationality, and the evolution of shipping networks. On the basis of historical data on ship positions retracted from archival sources, we create GIS-based online maps to conduct a geospatial analysis of the traffic intensity and movement patterns along the regional and inter-regional sea routes that connected the Venetian port system with the Mediterranean ports, with special attention to the Eastern Mediterranean. In this sense, the platform “simulates” modern real-time technologies used to visualise shipping trends per vessel types.
{"title":"Tracking Venice’s Maritime Traffic in the First Age of Globalization: A Geospatial Analysis","authors":"Renard Gluzman, Gerassimon Pagratis","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.08","url":null,"abstract":"The present collaborative work in progress is an empirical attempt verifying the interplay between political change, fleet nationality, and the evolution of shipping networks. On the basis of historical data on ship positions retracted from archival sources, we create GIS-based online maps to conduct a geospatial analysis of the traffic intensity and movement patterns along the regional and inter-regional sea routes that connected the Venetian port system with the Mediterranean ports, with special attention to the Eastern Mediterranean. In this sense, the platform “simulates” modern real-time technologies used to visualise shipping trends per vessel types.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.27
P. Calcagno
Approaching the subject from a diachronic perspective, the essay sets out to outline a chronology of the Mediterranean prominence in the sugar trade considering port activity and commercial elites. Studies carried out so far, backed by important findings sourced from custom records and private correspondence, attest Genoa’s undisputed leadership during the central decades of the eighteenth century, when Brazilian sugar production grew at exponential rates turning this trade into one of the greatest “businesses” of the time.
{"title":"Attraverso la porta di Lisbona: i generi coloniali volano del commercio luso-genovese tra XVII e XVIII secolo","authors":"P. Calcagno","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.27","url":null,"abstract":"Approaching the subject from a diachronic perspective, the essay sets out to outline a chronology of the Mediterranean prominence in the sugar trade considering port activity and commercial elites. Studies carried out so far, backed by important findings sourced from custom records and private correspondence, attest Genoa’s undisputed leadership during the central decades of the eighteenth century, when Brazilian sugar production grew at exponential rates turning this trade into one of the greatest “businesses” of the time.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132626691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.26
Helmut Rizzolli, Federico Pigozzo
In Europe, in the Middle Ages, ostrich feathers were used for the decoration of military headgear, as a representation of the high lineage of the possessor and his military virtues. They were imported from the coasts of West Africa, from Egypt and Syria into Italian and Spanish ports and from there exported to England and continental Europe. Venice, at the end of the fourteenth century, began to color feathers and soon the new fashion was spread throughout Europe. During the fifteenth century, even women began to use ostrich feathers on their hats or in their fans. When European ships reached America, Central Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean, a huge amount of exotic bird feathers became available and ostrich feather fad spread through the population.
{"title":"Economic and Social Aspects of the Trade of Luxury Goods between Africa and Europe: Ostrich Feather","authors":"Helmut Rizzolli, Federico Pigozzo","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.26","url":null,"abstract":"In Europe, in the Middle Ages, ostrich feathers were used for the decoration of military headgear, as a representation of the high lineage of the possessor and his military virtues. They were imported from the coasts of West Africa, from Egypt and Syria into Italian and Spanish ports and from there exported to England and continental Europe. Venice, at the end of the fourteenth century, began to color feathers and soon the new fashion was spread throughout Europe. During the fifteenth century, even women began to use ostrich feathers on their hats or in their fans. When European ships reached America, Central Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean, a huge amount of exotic bird feathers became available and ostrich feather fad spread through the population.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129437352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.14
Benedetto Ligorio
The research analyzes the network of the Ragusan Jews between the end of 16th and the begin of 17th century. It focalized the social and economic links of the Sephardic group as “trait d’union” of the Adriatic-Balkan trade networks. The research is focused on time frame 1585-1635 in chronological continuity to the studies of Alberto Tenenti, indeed he was the first scholar to draw the attention to the turning point of the trade structure in the Republic of Ragusa in the year 1590 because the arise of the Sephardic merchants.
{"title":"Un ponte tra ottomani e cristiani. Il network degli ebrei di Ragusa tra Balcani e Adriatico (1585-1635)","authors":"Benedetto Ligorio","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.14","url":null,"abstract":"The research analyzes the network of the Ragusan Jews between the end of 16th and the begin of 17th century. It focalized the social and economic links of the Sephardic group as “trait d’union” of the Adriatic-Balkan trade networks.\u0000The research is focused on time frame 1585-1635 in chronological continuity to the studies of Alberto Tenenti, indeed he was the first scholar to draw the attention to the turning point of the trade structure in the Republic of Ragusa in the year 1590 because the arise of the Sephardic merchants.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121444267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.28
Luca Lo Basso
Genoese merchants, who certainly did not disappear after 1627, during the second half of the century were able to establish new global-scale commercial networks on a par with those of other merchant communities (those of the Jews for instance). In the 1660s and for a few decades, Genoese goods – paper and fabrics – sailed to the Indies with African slaves. On their way back, the same Genoese ships would carry tonnes of silver and a wealth of other colonial goods thereby increasing trade with the East. This commercial framework is the backdrop to the story of Nicolò and Pietro Francesco Fieschi, two brothers whose lives testify how between the second half of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century, merchants from Genoa certainly had not withdrawn from international commerce focusing only on financial profits. On the contrary they were able to find new commercial momentum in opportunities provided by the connections brought about by the ever-more globalised world.
热那亚商人当然没有在1627年之后消失，在19世纪下半叶，热那亚商人能够建立新的全球规模的商业网络，与其他商人社区(例如犹太人)相提并论。在17世纪60年代和几十年的时间里，热那亚的货物——纸和织物——随非洲奴隶一起航行到印度群岛。在返回的途中，同样的热那亚船只将携带成吨的白银和大量其他殖民地商品，从而增加与东方的贸易。这个商业框架是Nicolò和Pietro Francesco Fieschi兄弟故事的背景，他们的生活证明了在17世纪下半叶和18世纪初之间，热那亚商人当然没有退出只关注经济利益的国际贸易。相反，他们能够在日益全球化的世界所带来的联系所提供的机会中找到新的商业动力。
{"title":"Traffici globali. Corallo, diamanti e tele di cotone negli affari commerciali dei Genovesi in Oriente","authors":"Luca Lo Basso","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.28","url":null,"abstract":"Genoese merchants, who certainly did not disappear after 1627, during the second half of the century were able to establish new global-scale commercial networks on a par with those of other merchant communities (those of the Jews for instance). In the 1660s and for a few decades, Genoese goods – paper and fabrics – sailed to the Indies with African slaves. On their way back, the same Genoese ships would carry tonnes of silver and a wealth of other colonial goods thereby increasing trade with the East. This commercial framework is the backdrop to the story of Nicolò and Pietro Francesco Fieschi, two brothers whose lives testify how between the second half of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century, merchants from Genoa certainly had not withdrawn from international commerce focusing only on financial profits. On the contrary they were able to find new commercial momentum in opportunities provided by the connections brought about by the ever-more globalised world.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126443112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.13
M. Ryabova
This paper contributes to the discussion of merchant networks in late medieval Europe by presenting a case study of the Soranzo fraterna, a Venetian trading firm which comprised brothers Donado, Giacomo (Jacopo), Piero, and Lorenzo Soranzo and operated in the first half of the 15th century, specializing mainly in the import of raw cotton from Syria. The author applies the methodology of so-cial network analysis (SNA) in order to reconstruct the egocentric (ego-centered) network of ties linking the Soranzo firm (“the ego”) with its partners and clients (“alters”).
{"title":"Venetian Trading Firm of the Soranzo Brothers (1406-1434) and Its Commercial Network","authors":"M. Ryabova","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the discussion of merchant networks in late medieval Europe by presenting a case study of the Soranzo fraterna, a Venetian trading firm which comprised brothers Donado, Giacomo (Jacopo), Piero, and Lorenzo Soranzo and operated in the first half of the 15th century, specializing mainly in the import of raw cotton from Syria. The author applies the methodology of so-cial network analysis (SNA) in order to reconstruct the egocentric (ego-centered) network of ties linking the Soranzo firm (“the ego”) with its partners and clients (“alters”).","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125166083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.06
W. Childs
This paper, basing its analysis on England’s national customs accounts between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, briefly examines England’s ports as commercial nodes (of which London was the busiest, with Hull, Southampton and Bristol becoming the main regional hubs by the fifteenth century), its shipping (which provided both liner and tramping services and sailed all year round), and its exports (which shifted from wool to woollen cloth over the period). It then focuses on the range of markets with which English merchants and ships had direct maritime contacts.
{"title":"England’s Maritime and Commercial Networks in the Late Middle Ages","authors":"W. Childs","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, basing its analysis on England’s national customs accounts between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, briefly examines England’s ports as commercial nodes (of which London was the busiest, with Hull, Southampton and Bristol becoming the main regional hubs by the fifteenth century), its shipping (which provided both liner and tramping services and sailed all year round), and its exports (which shifted from wool to woollen cloth over the period). It then focuses on the range of markets with which English merchants and ships had direct maritime contacts.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123709570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.11
Louis Sicking
A particular kind of institutions contributed importantly to the organisation of overseas trade: funduqs and fondacos which originated around the medieval Mediterranean. This article aims to contribute to the debate on these institutions. This will be done by looking at the Portuguese feitoria, which may be considered as the missing link between the medieval Mediterranean institutions known as funduqs and fondacos and the early modern factories overseas. This allows to shed new light on relations and entanglements between different seascapes and thus to contribute to the fields of new institutional economics and global history.
{"title":"Funduq, Fondaco, Feitoria. The Portuguese Contribution to the Globalisation of an Institution of Overseas Trade","authors":"Louis Sicking","doi":"10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.11","url":null,"abstract":"A particular kind of institutions contributed importantly to the organisation of overseas trade: funduqs and fondacos which originated around the medieval Mediterranean. This article aims to contribute to the debate on these institutions. This will be done by looking at the Portuguese feitoria, which may be considered as the missing link between the medieval Mediterranean institutions known as funduqs and fondacos and the early modern factories overseas. This allows to shed new light on relations and entanglements between different seascapes and thus to contribute to the fields of new institutional economics and global history.","PeriodicalId":197863,"journal":{"name":"Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123304360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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