Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024040
Halilou Almou Oumarou, Harouna Tahirou Hima, Jean Michel Berenger, Grégory Michel, Olivier Grauby, Philippe Parola, Christelle Pomares, Pascal Delaunay
Bed bugs are considered a major public health problem in industrialized countries. Usually, bed bug infestations are managed using a combination of physical and chemical methods. In recent years, new strategies for bed bug control have emerged, particularly the use of dusts like diatomaceous earth and silicon dioxide. However, in Europe, the use of silicon dioxide is restricted to professional, while diatomaceous earth can be harmful to the lungs. This study aimed to assess bed bug mortality rates associated with Sommières earth, green clay, talc, and sodium bicarbonate compared to silicon dioxide and diatomaceous earth from a pest management company, diatomaceous earth for litter conditioner, and diatomaceous earth from a supermarket. We tested permanent exposure, short exposure, horizontal transfer and repellent effect on two bed bug colonies. Sommières earth demonstrated efficacy ranging from 75% to 100% in permanent and short exposures, similar to the efficacy of diatomaceous earth from the pest management company. On the contrary, diatomaceous earth for litter conditioner and diatomaceous earth from a supermarket, green clay, talc, and sodium bicarbonate were found to be ineffective. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the efficacy of Sommières earth against bed bugs, but also highlights the variability in efficacy of diatomaceous earths on bed bugs depending on their quality.
{"title":"Bed bug control with various dusts: Efficacy comparison between silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth, and Sommières earth.","authors":"Halilou Almou Oumarou, Harouna Tahirou Hima, Jean Michel Berenger, Grégory Michel, Olivier Grauby, Philippe Parola, Christelle Pomares, Pascal Delaunay","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024040","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bed bugs are considered a major public health problem in industrialized countries. Usually, bed bug infestations are managed using a combination of physical and chemical methods. In recent years, new strategies for bed bug control have emerged, particularly the use of dusts like diatomaceous earth and silicon dioxide. However, in Europe, the use of silicon dioxide is restricted to professional, while diatomaceous earth can be harmful to the lungs. This study aimed to assess bed bug mortality rates associated with Sommières earth, green clay, talc, and sodium bicarbonate compared to silicon dioxide and diatomaceous earth from a pest management company, diatomaceous earth for litter conditioner, and diatomaceous earth from a supermarket. We tested permanent exposure, short exposure, horizontal transfer and repellent effect on two bed bug colonies. Sommières earth demonstrated efficacy ranging from 75% to 100% in permanent and short exposures, similar to the efficacy of diatomaceous earth from the pest management company. On the contrary, diatomaceous earth for litter conditioner and diatomaceous earth from a supermarket, green clay, talc, and sodium bicarbonate were found to be ineffective. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the efficacy of Sommières earth against bed bugs, but also highlights the variability in efficacy of diatomaceous earths on bed bugs depending on their quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024036
Ariel Naidich, Ariana M Gutierrez, Federico Camicia
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is a platyhelminth parasite and the etiological cause of cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic and neglected disease that infects animals and humans worldwide. As a part of the biological arsenal of the parasite, cathepsin L proteases are a group of proteins that are believed to be essential for parasite penetration, immune evasion, and establishment in the tissues of the host. In this work, we have cloned and sequenced a new putative cathepsin L protease from Echinococcus canadensis (EcCLP1). The bioinformatic analysis suggests that EcCLP1 could be synthesized as a zymogen and activated after proteolytic cleavage. The multiple sequence alignment with other cathepsin proteases reveals important functional conserved features like a conserved active site, an N-linked glycosylation residue, a catalytic triad, an oxyanion hole, and three putative disulfide bonds. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that EcCLP1 could indeed be a cathepsin L cysteine protease from clade 1 as it grouped with cathepsins from other species in this clade. Modeling studies suggest that EcCLP1 has two domains forming a cleft where the active site is located and an occluding role for the propeptide. The transcriptomic analysis reveals different levels of cathepsin transcript expression along the different stages of the parasite life cycle. The whole-mount immunohistochemistry shows an interesting superficial punctate pattern of staining which suggests a secretory pattern of expression. The putative cathepsin L protease characterized here may represent an interesting tool for diagnostic purposes, vaccine design, or a new pharmacological target for antiparasitic intervention.
普通棘球蚴是一种扁形动物寄生虫,也是囊性棘球蚴病(CE)的病原体,这是一种人畜共患且被忽视的疾病,世界各地的动物和人类都会感染这种疾病。作为寄生虫生物武库的一部分,螯合蛋白 L 蛋白酶是一组被认为对寄生虫的渗透、免疫逃避和在宿主组织中的建立至关重要的蛋白质。在这项工作中,我们克隆并测序了一种来自犬棘球蚴的新的假定性 cathepsin L 蛋白酶(EcCLP1)。生物信息学分析表明,ECCLP1 可以作为一种酶原合成,并在蛋白水解裂解后被激活。与其他酪蛋白蛋白酶的多重序列比对显示了重要的功能保守特征,如一个保守的活性位点、一个N-连接的糖基化残基、一个催化三元组、一个氧阴离子孔和三个假定的二硫键。系统进化分析表明,EcCLP1 确实可能是来自第一支系的一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶,因为它与该支系中其他物种的蛋白酶归为一类。建模研究表明,EcCLP1 有两个结构域,形成一个活性位点所在的裂隙,并对前肽起闭锁作用。转录组分析显示,在寄生虫生命周期的不同阶段,螯合蛋白转录本的表达水平不同。整装免疫组化显示了一种有趣的表层点状染色模式,表明这是一种分泌型表达模式。这里描述的假定的钙蛋白 L 蛋白酶可能是一种有趣的工具,可用于诊断、疫苗设计或抗寄生虫干预的新药理靶点。
{"title":"Molecular characterization of EcCLP1, a new putative cathepsin L protease from Echinococcus canadensis.","authors":"Ariel Naidich, Ariana M Gutierrez, Federico Camicia","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024036","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is a platyhelminth parasite and the etiological cause of cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic and neglected disease that infects animals and humans worldwide. As a part of the biological arsenal of the parasite, cathepsin L proteases are a group of proteins that are believed to be essential for parasite penetration, immune evasion, and establishment in the tissues of the host. In this work, we have cloned and sequenced a new putative cathepsin L protease from Echinococcus canadensis (EcCLP1). The bioinformatic analysis suggests that EcCLP1 could be synthesized as a zymogen and activated after proteolytic cleavage. The multiple sequence alignment with other cathepsin proteases reveals important functional conserved features like a conserved active site, an N-linked glycosylation residue, a catalytic triad, an oxyanion hole, and three putative disulfide bonds. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that EcCLP1 could indeed be a cathepsin L cysteine protease from clade 1 as it grouped with cathepsins from other species in this clade. Modeling studies suggest that EcCLP1 has two domains forming a cleft where the active site is located and an occluding role for the propeptide. The transcriptomic analysis reveals different levels of cathepsin transcript expression along the different stages of the parasite life cycle. The whole-mount immunohistochemistry shows an interesting superficial punctate pattern of staining which suggests a secretory pattern of expression. The putative cathepsin L protease characterized here may represent an interesting tool for diagnostic purposes, vaccine design, or a new pharmacological target for antiparasitic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11242924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In total, 901 dairy cow sera and data were collected from 51 farms in Nakhon Pathom, Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces (Western Region of Thailand). Serum samples were processed via the multispecies ELISA method to detect IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii infection. The results demonstrated that the calculated true prevalence was 1.48% (95% CI, 0.64-2.75%) for the individual-level and 29.41% (95% CI, 18.71-43%) for the farm-level. The univariate risk factor analysis showed that the number of total owned cats, the presence of stray cats, and the frequency of cleaning per day were significant factors (p < 0.2). These three factors were subjected to logistic regression analysis, and the results revealed that the frequency of cleaning farms per day was a potential risk factor for T. gondii-seropositive farms (OR = 2.745, 95% CI, 1.15-8.69, p = 0.02). The frequency of cleaning might increase the T. gondii oocyst distribution within the barn area, thus increasing the possibility of infection. Our findings show that T. gondii continues to circulate in the dairy cow population in the western part of Thailand. The presence of cats on farms was not found to be associated with T. gondii infection, but the high frequency of cleaning the floor was, and contributed to the potential risk of infection.
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle from the Western Region of Thailand.","authors":"Napasaporn Wannapong, Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul, Theera Rukkwamsuk","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024038","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In total, 901 dairy cow sera and data were collected from 51 farms in Nakhon Pathom, Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces (Western Region of Thailand). Serum samples were processed via the multispecies ELISA method to detect IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii infection. The results demonstrated that the calculated true prevalence was 1.48% (95% CI, 0.64-2.75%) for the individual-level and 29.41% (95% CI, 18.71-43%) for the farm-level. The univariate risk factor analysis showed that the number of total owned cats, the presence of stray cats, and the frequency of cleaning per day were significant factors (p < 0.2). These three factors were subjected to logistic regression analysis, and the results revealed that the frequency of cleaning farms per day was a potential risk factor for T. gondii-seropositive farms (OR = 2.745, 95% CI, 1.15-8.69, p = 0.02). The frequency of cleaning might increase the T. gondii oocyst distribution within the barn area, thus increasing the possibility of infection. Our findings show that T. gondii continues to circulate in the dairy cow population in the western part of Thailand. The presence of cats on farms was not found to be associated with T. gondii infection, but the high frequency of cleaning the floor was, and contributed to the potential risk of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11242923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024001
Bénéwendé Aristide Kaboré, Syeda Dua Taqi, Athumani Mkinga, Anibal E Morales Zambrana, Robert L Mach, Marc Jb Vreysen, Chantel J de Beer
One of the most critical factors for implementing the sterile insect technique for the management of tsetse is the production of large quantities of highly competitive sterile males in the field. Several factors may influence the biological quality of sterile males, but optimizing the irradiation protocols to limit unwanted somatic cell damage could improve male performance. This study evaluated the effect of fractionation of gamma radiation doses on the fertility and flight quality of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Induced sterility was assessed by mating irradiated males with virgin fertile females. Flight quality was assessed using a standard protocol. The male flies were irradiated as pupae on day 23-27 post larviposition with 110 Gy, either in a single dose or in fractionations of 10 + 100 Gy and 50 + 60 Gy separated by 1-, 2- and 3-day intervals or 55 + 55 Gy separated by 4-, 8-, and 24-hour intervals. All treatments induced more than 90% sterility in females mated with irradiated males, as compared with untreated males. No significant differences were found in emergence rate or flight propensity between fractionated and single radiation doses, nor between the types of fractionations. Overall, the 50(D0) + 60(D1) Gy dose showed slightly higher induced sterility, flight propensity, and survival of males under feeding regime. Dose fractionation resulted in only small improvements with respect to flight propensity and survival, and this should be traded off with the required increase in labor that dose fractionation entails, especially in larger control programs.
{"title":"Radiation dose fractionation and its potential hormetic effects on male Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae): a comparative study of reproductive and flight quality parameters.","authors":"Bénéwendé Aristide Kaboré, Syeda Dua Taqi, Athumani Mkinga, Anibal E Morales Zambrana, Robert L Mach, Marc Jb Vreysen, Chantel J de Beer","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024001","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most critical factors for implementing the sterile insect technique for the management of tsetse is the production of large quantities of highly competitive sterile males in the field. Several factors may influence the biological quality of sterile males, but optimizing the irradiation protocols to limit unwanted somatic cell damage could improve male performance. This study evaluated the effect of fractionation of gamma radiation doses on the fertility and flight quality of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Induced sterility was assessed by mating irradiated males with virgin fertile females. Flight quality was assessed using a standard protocol. The male flies were irradiated as pupae on day 23-27 post larviposition with 110 Gy, either in a single dose or in fractionations of 10 + 100 Gy and 50 + 60 Gy separated by 1-, 2- and 3-day intervals or 55 + 55 Gy separated by 4-, 8-, and 24-hour intervals. All treatments induced more than 90% sterility in females mated with irradiated males, as compared with untreated males. No significant differences were found in emergence rate or flight propensity between fractionated and single radiation doses, nor between the types of fractionations. Overall, the 50(D0) + 60(D1) Gy dose showed slightly higher induced sterility, flight propensity, and survival of males under feeding regime. Dose fractionation resulted in only small improvements with respect to flight propensity and survival, and this should be traded off with the required increase in labor that dose fractionation entails, especially in larger control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10854482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024024
Chahinez Bouguerche, Daniel C Huston, Egil Karlsbakk, Mohammed Ahmed, Oleksandr Holovachov
Several studies have shown that the euryxenic trematode Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) represents a species complex. Four lineages have been designated (DV1-4) with the DV1 clade corresponding to D. varicus sensu stricto. Herein, we investigate newly collected specimens of D. varicus sensu lato from Scandinavian and Arctic waters using integrative taxonomy. The trematodes were collected from Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Eutrigla gurnardus, Trachinus draco, and Merluccius merluccius off the Atlantic coast of Sweden and from Hippoglossoides platessoides from Arctic Svalbard. 28S sequences of derogenids from Sweden were identical to D. varicus sensu stricto, confirming its euryxeny. The 28S sequences of Derogenes sp. from H. platessoides were identical to Derogenes DV2 and differed from D. varicus sensu stricto by 3% and from Derogenes DV3 by 2%. The 28S sequence divergences of Derogenes sp. from H. platessoides with D. ruber and D. lacustris were 3 and 10%, respectively. ITS2 and cox1 divergences between Derogenes sp. from H. platessoides and other Derogenes species/lineages were at levels of interspecific differences. The species from H. platessoides is described here as D. abba n. sp. We also examined the type material of Progonus muelleri (Levinsen, 1881), the type and only species of the genus Progonus, with redescription and designations of paralectotypes. Based on specimens from Theodor Odhner's collections at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, SMNH, Stockholm, we provide novel morphological and anatomical data for D. varicus sensu lato species complex. Lastly, we investigated Arthur Looss's "lost collection" of Trematodes at the SMNH and characterised a putative species Derogenes sp. "limula".
多项研究表明,极毒吸虫 Derogenes varicus(Müller,1784 年)是一个物种复合体。目前已确定了四个支系(DV1-4),其中 DV1 支系与严格意义上的 D. varicus 相对应。在此,我们采用综合分类法研究了从斯堪的纳维亚和北极水域新采集的 D. varicus sensu lato 标本。这些吸虫是从瑞典大西洋沿岸的 Melanogrammus aeglefinus、Eutrigla gurnardus、Trachinus draco 和 Merluccius merluccius 以及北极斯瓦尔巴群岛的 Hippoglossoides platessoides 身上采集的。瑞典蜕皮鱼的 28S 序列与严格意义上的变种蜕皮鱼完全相同,这证实了它的无尾性。来自 H. platessoides 的 Derogenes sp. 的 28S 序列与 Derogenes DV2 相同,与 D. varicus sensu stricto 的差异为 3%,与 Derogenes DV3 的差异为 2%。来自 H. platessoides 的 Derogenes sp.与 D. ruber 和 D. lacustris 的 28S 序列差异分别为 3%和 10%。H. platessoides 的 Derogenes sp.与其他 Derogenes 种/系之间的 ITS2 和 cox1 差异处于种间差异水平。我们还研究了 Progonus muelleri(Levinsen,1881 年)的模式标本,它是 Progonus 属的模式种,也是唯一的一个种,我们对它进行了重新描述并指定了副型。根据斯德哥尔摩瑞典自然历史博物馆 Theodor Odhner 收藏的标本,我们提供了 D. varicus sensu lato 种群的新的形态学和解剖学数据。最后,我们调查了瑞典自然历史博物馆收藏的阿瑟-卢斯(Arthur Looss)"遗失的 "线虫藏品,并描述了一个推定物种 Derogenes sp.
{"title":"Untangling the Derogenes varicus species complex in Scandinavian waters and the Arctic: description of Derogenes abba n. sp. (Trematoda, Derogenidae) from Hippoglossoides platessoides and new host records for D. varicus (Müller, 1784) sensu stricto.","authors":"Chahinez Bouguerche, Daniel C Huston, Egil Karlsbakk, Mohammed Ahmed, Oleksandr Holovachov","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024024","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have shown that the euryxenic trematode Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) represents a species complex. Four lineages have been designated (DV1-4) with the DV1 clade corresponding to D. varicus sensu stricto. Herein, we investigate newly collected specimens of D. varicus sensu lato from Scandinavian and Arctic waters using integrative taxonomy. The trematodes were collected from Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Eutrigla gurnardus, Trachinus draco, and Merluccius merluccius off the Atlantic coast of Sweden and from Hippoglossoides platessoides from Arctic Svalbard. 28S sequences of derogenids from Sweden were identical to D. varicus sensu stricto, confirming its euryxeny. The 28S sequences of Derogenes sp. from H. platessoides were identical to Derogenes DV2 and differed from D. varicus sensu stricto by 3% and from Derogenes DV3 by 2%. The 28S sequence divergences of Derogenes sp. from H. platessoides with D. ruber and D. lacustris were 3 and 10%, respectively. ITS2 and cox1 divergences between Derogenes sp. from H. platessoides and other Derogenes species/lineages were at levels of interspecific differences. The species from H. platessoides is described here as D. abba n. sp. We also examined the type material of Progonus muelleri (Levinsen, 1881), the type and only species of the genus Progonus, with redescription and designations of paralectotypes. Based on specimens from Theodor Odhner's collections at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, SMNH, Stockholm, we provide novel morphological and anatomical data for D. varicus sensu lato species complex. Lastly, we investigated Arthur Looss's \"lost collection\" of Trematodes at the SMNH and characterised a putative species Derogenes sp. \"limula\".</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024044
Eric Tielemans, Carin Rautenbach, Zamantungwa Khumalo, Frederic Beugnet
Amblyomma maculatum, the Gulf Coast tick, infests a wide range of vertebrate species including livestock, dogs, cats, and humans. It is a species of significant veterinary and public health importance, especially as a vector of diseases, for instance American canine hepatozoonosis or tidewater spotted fever. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NexGard® Combo, a topical endectoparasiticide product for cats combining eprinomectin, praziquantel and esafoxolaner, against induced infestations of A. maculatum in cats. This Good Clinical Practice (GCP) study used a randomized, negative controlled, masked design. Ten cats were allocated to an untreated group and ten to a treated group, dosed once on Day 0 at the minimum label dose. On Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, cats were infested with ~50 unfed adult A. maculatum. On Days 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 45, i.e., 72 h after treatment and subsequent infestations, ticks were removed, counted and the numbers of live attached tick in each group were used for efficacy calculations. At each time-point, all untreated cats were adequately infested, demonstrating a vigorous tick population and an adequate study model. The curative efficacy after a single application against existing tick infestation, 72 h after treatment, was 98.7%. The preventive efficacy, 72 h after weekly infestations, over the following five weeks ranged from 93.8% to 99.4%.
{"title":"Efficacy of a topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Amblyomma maculatum infestations in cats.","authors":"Eric Tielemans, Carin Rautenbach, Zamantungwa Khumalo, Frederic Beugnet","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024044","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amblyomma maculatum, the Gulf Coast tick, infests a wide range of vertebrate species including livestock, dogs, cats, and humans. It is a species of significant veterinary and public health importance, especially as a vector of diseases, for instance American canine hepatozoonosis or tidewater spotted fever. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NexGard<sup>®</sup> Combo, a topical endectoparasiticide product for cats combining eprinomectin, praziquantel and esafoxolaner, against induced infestations of A. maculatum in cats. This Good Clinical Practice (GCP) study used a randomized, negative controlled, masked design. Ten cats were allocated to an untreated group and ten to a treated group, dosed once on Day 0 at the minimum label dose. On Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, cats were infested with ~50 unfed adult A. maculatum. On Days 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 45, i.e., 72 h after treatment and subsequent infestations, ticks were removed, counted and the numbers of live attached tick in each group were used for efficacy calculations. At each time-point, all untreated cats were adequately infested, demonstrating a vigorous tick population and an adequate study model. The curative efficacy after a single application against existing tick infestation, 72 h after treatment, was 98.7%. The preventive efficacy, 72 h after weekly infestations, over the following five weeks ranged from 93.8% to 99.4%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024013
Sophie Ravel, Adeline Ségard, Brahim Guihini Mollo, Mahamat Hissène Mahamat, Rafael Argiles-Herrero, Jérémy Bouyer, Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse, Philippe Solano, Mallaye Pèka, Justin Darnas, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Wilfrid Yoni, Camille Noûs, Thierry de Meeûs
Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) transmit deadly trypanosomes to human populations and domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa. Some foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (g-HAT) persist in southern Chad, where a program of tsetse control was implemented against the local vector Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in 2018 in Maro. We analyzed the population genetics of G. f. fuscipes from the Maro focus before control (T0), one year (T1), and 18 months (T2) after the beginning of control efforts. Most flies captured displayed a local genetic profile (local survivors), but a few flies displayed outlier genotypes. Moreover, disturbance of isolation by distance signature (increase of genetic distance with geographic distance) and effective population size estimates, absence of any genetic signature of a bottleneck, and an increase of genetic diversity between T0 and T2 strongly suggest gene flows from various origins, and a limited impact of the vector control efforts on this tsetse population. Continuous control and surveillance of g-HAT transmission is thus recommended in Maro. Particular attention will need to be paid to the border with the Central African Republic, a country where the entomological and epidemiological status of g-HAT is unknown.
{"title":"Limited impact of vector control on the population genetic structure of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes from the sleeping sickness focus of Maro, Chad.","authors":"Sophie Ravel, Adeline Ségard, Brahim Guihini Mollo, Mahamat Hissène Mahamat, Rafael Argiles-Herrero, Jérémy Bouyer, Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse, Philippe Solano, Mallaye Pèka, Justin Darnas, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Wilfrid Yoni, Camille Noûs, Thierry de Meeûs","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024013","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) transmit deadly trypanosomes to human populations and domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa. Some foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (g-HAT) persist in southern Chad, where a program of tsetse control was implemented against the local vector Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in 2018 in Maro. We analyzed the population genetics of G. f. fuscipes from the Maro focus before control (T0), one year (T1), and 18 months (T2) after the beginning of control efforts. Most flies captured displayed a local genetic profile (local survivors), but a few flies displayed outlier genotypes. Moreover, disturbance of isolation by distance signature (increase of genetic distance with geographic distance) and effective population size estimates, absence of any genetic signature of a bottleneck, and an increase of genetic diversity between T0 and T2 strongly suggest gene flows from various origins, and a limited impact of the vector control efforts on this tsetse population. Continuous control and surveillance of g-HAT transmission is thus recommended in Maro. Particular attention will need to be paid to the border with the Central African Republic, a country where the entomological and epidemiological status of g-HAT is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10918643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dientamoeba fragilis is a ubiquitous intestinal parasite with detection in the stools that has become increasingly frequent following the advent of PCR as a routine screening tool. However, the pathogenicity of this parasite is still much debated. In order to assess the potentially pathogenic nature of this protozoan, a retrospective case-control study was carried out between January and December 2020 on patients from Toulouse University Hospital, with the aim of evaluating the potential clinical effects and changes in laboratory parameters linked to the presence and load of D. fragilis in stools. After matching age, sex and mode of care (consultation or hospitalisation), no significant difference was observed in the frequency of clinical signs between the 36 patients who tested positive for Dientamoeba fragilis PCR in their stools and the 72 control patients who were PCR negative for this protozoan. The presence of D. fragilis in the faeces was not associated with changes in laboratory parameters. Furthermore, a high digestive load of D. fragilis had no identifiable impact on clinical and laboratory parameters. Only the concomitant presence of Blastocystis sp. in stools was significantly more frequent in the D. fragilis group (uni- and multivariate analysis). Finally, this study showed no significant difference in clinical or laboratory signs between patients carrying Dientamoeba fragilis and the control group, regardless of the intestinal parasite load, suggesting that D. fragilis could be considered a commensal of the digestive tract.
{"title":"No evidence of pathogenicity of Dientamoeba fragilis following detection in stools: A case-control study.","authors":"Germain Tchamwa Bamini, Eléna Charpentier, Emilie Guemas, Pamela Chauvin, Judith Fillaux, Alexis Valentin, Sophie Cassaing, Sandie Ménard, Antoine Berry, Xavier Iriart","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024041","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dientamoeba fragilis is a ubiquitous intestinal parasite with detection in the stools that has become increasingly frequent following the advent of PCR as a routine screening tool. However, the pathogenicity of this parasite is still much debated. In order to assess the potentially pathogenic nature of this protozoan, a retrospective case-control study was carried out between January and December 2020 on patients from Toulouse University Hospital, with the aim of evaluating the potential clinical effects and changes in laboratory parameters linked to the presence and load of D. fragilis in stools. After matching age, sex and mode of care (consultation or hospitalisation), no significant difference was observed in the frequency of clinical signs between the 36 patients who tested positive for Dientamoeba fragilis PCR in their stools and the 72 control patients who were PCR negative for this protozoan. The presence of D. fragilis in the faeces was not associated with changes in laboratory parameters. Furthermore, a high digestive load of D. fragilis had no identifiable impact on clinical and laboratory parameters. Only the concomitant presence of Blastocystis sp. in stools was significantly more frequent in the D. fragilis group (uni- and multivariate analysis). Finally, this study showed no significant difference in clinical or laboratory signs between patients carrying Dientamoeba fragilis and the control group, regardless of the intestinal parasite load, suggesting that D. fragilis could be considered a commensal of the digestive tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pentatrichomonas hominis, a flagellated parasitic protozoan, predominantly infects the mammalian digestive tract, often causing symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. However, studies investigating its pathogenicity are limited, and the mechanisms underlying P. hominis-induced diarrhea remain unclear. Establishing an in vitro cell model for P. hominis infection is imperative. This study investigated the interaction between P. hominis and IPEC-J2 cells and its impact on parasite growth, adhesion, morphology, and cell viability. Co-cultivation of P. hominis with IPEC-J2 cells resulted in exponential growth of the parasite, with peak densities reaching approximately 4.8 × 105 cells/mL and 1.2 × 106 cells/mL at 48 h for initial inoculation concentrations of 104 cells/mL and 105 cells/mL, respectively. The adhesion rate of P. hominis to IPEC-J2 cells reached a maximum of 93.82% and 86.57% at 24 h for initial inoculation concentrations of 104 cells/mL and 105 cells/mL, respectively. Morphological changes in IPEC-J2 cells co-cultivated with P. hominis were observed, manifesting as elongated and irregular shapes. The viability of IPEC-J2 cells exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing P. hominis concentration and co-cultivation time. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were upregulated, whereas those of CAT and CuZn-SOD were downregulated. These findings provide quantitative evidence that P. hominis can promote its growth by adhering to IPEC-J2 cells, inducing morphological changes, reducing cell viability, and triggering inflammatory responses. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these results and enhance our understanding of P. hominis infection.
{"title":"Unraveling the pathogenic potential of the Pentatrichomonas hominis PHGD strain: impact on IPEC-J2 cell growth, adhesion, and gene expression.","authors":"Yibin Zhu, Haiming Cai, Siyun Fang, Hanqin Shen, Zhuanqiang Yan, Dingai Wang, Nanshan Qi, Juan Li, Minna Lv, Xuhui Lin, Junjing Hu, Yongle Song, Xiangjie Chen, Lijun Yin, Jianfei Zhang, Shenquan Liao, Mingfei Sun","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024014","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pentatrichomonas hominis, a flagellated parasitic protozoan, predominantly infects the mammalian digestive tract, often causing symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. However, studies investigating its pathogenicity are limited, and the mechanisms underlying P. hominis-induced diarrhea remain unclear. Establishing an in vitro cell model for P. hominis infection is imperative. This study investigated the interaction between P. hominis and IPEC-J2 cells and its impact on parasite growth, adhesion, morphology, and cell viability. Co-cultivation of P. hominis with IPEC-J2 cells resulted in exponential growth of the parasite, with peak densities reaching approximately 4.8 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL and 1.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL at 48 h for initial inoculation concentrations of 10<sup>4</sup> cells/mL and 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL, respectively. The adhesion rate of P. hominis to IPEC-J2 cells reached a maximum of 93.82% and 86.57% at 24 h for initial inoculation concentrations of 10<sup>4</sup> cells/mL and 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL, respectively. Morphological changes in IPEC-J2 cells co-cultivated with P. hominis were observed, manifesting as elongated and irregular shapes. The viability of IPEC-J2 cells exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing P. hominis concentration and co-cultivation time. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were upregulated, whereas those of CAT and CuZn-SOD were downregulated. These findings provide quantitative evidence that P. hominis can promote its growth by adhering to IPEC-J2 cells, inducing morphological changes, reducing cell viability, and triggering inflammatory responses. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these results and enhance our understanding of P. hominis infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10964850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024039
Tiziana P Gobbin, Maarten P M Vanhove, Ole Seehausen, Martine E Maan, Antoine Pariselle
African cichlids are model systems for evolutionary studies and host-parasite interactions, because of their adaptive radiations and because they harbour many species of monogenean parasites with high host-specificity. Five locations were sampled in southern Lake Victoria: gill-infecting monogeneans were surveyed from 18 cichlid species belonging to this radiation superflock and two others representing two older and distantly related lineages. We found one species of Gyrodactylidae, Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert & Huyse, 2011, and seven species of Dactylogyridae. Four are described herein: Cichlidogyrus pseudodossoui n. sp., Cichlidogyrus nyanza n. sp., Cichlidogyrus furu n. sp., and Cichlidogyrus vetusmolendarius n. sp. Another Cichlidogyrus species is reported but not formally described (low number of specimens, morphological similarity with C. furu n. sp.). Two other species are redescribed: C. bifurcatus Paperna, 1960 and C. longipenis Paperna & Thurston, 1969. Our results confirm that the monogenean fauna of Victorian littoral cichlids displays lower species richness and lower host-specificity than that of Lake Tanganyika littoral cichlids. In C. furu n. sp., hooks V are clearly longer than the others, highlighting the need to re-evaluate the current classification system that considers hook pairs III-VII as rather uniform. Some morphological features of C. bifurcatus, C. longipenis, and C. nyanza n. sp. suggest that these are closely related to congeners that infect other haplochromines. Morphological traits indicate that representatives of Cichlidogyrus colonised Lake Victoria haplochromines or their ancestors at least twice, which is in line with the Lake Victoria superflock being colonised by two cichlid tribes (Haplochromini and Oreochromini).
非洲慈鲷是进化研究和宿主-寄生虫相互作用的模型系统,因为它们具有适应性辐射,而且栖息着许多具有高度宿主特异性的单系寄生虫。我们在维多利亚湖南部的五个地点进行了取样:调查了属于该辐射超群的 18 种慈鲷和代表两个较早且关系较远的品系的另外两种慈鲷的鳃感染单系寄生虫。我们发现了一种 Gyrodactylidae,Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert & Huyse, 2011,以及七种 Dactylogyridae。本文描述了其中四种:Cichlidogyrus pseudodossoui n. sp.、Cichlidogyrus nyanza n. sp.、Cichlidogyrus furu n. sp.和 Cichlidogyrus vetusmolendarius n. sp.。报告了另一个 Cichlidogyrus 物种,但未正式描述(标本数量少,形态与 C. furu n. sp.相似)。另外两个物种被重新描述:C. bifurcatus Paperna, 1960 和 C. longipenis Paperna & Thurston, 1969。我们的研究结果证实,与坦噶尼喀湖沿岸慈鲷相比,维多利亚沿岸慈鲷的单基因动物群显示出较低的物种丰富度和较低的宿主特异性。在 C. furu n. sp.中,钩 V 明显比其他钩长,这突出表明有必要重新评估目前的分类系统,因为该系统认为钩对 III-VII 相当一致。C.bifurcatus、C.longipenis 和 C. nyanza n. sp.的一些形态特征表明,它们与感染其他单色虹彩鳉的同源种关系密切。形态特征表明,Cichlidogyrus 的代表至少曾两次殖民维多利亚湖的单色鲷或其祖先,这与维多利亚湖超级鱼群被两个鲷科(单色鲷科和鲷科)殖民是一致的。
{"title":"Four new species of Cichlidogyrus (Platyhelminthes, Monopisthocotyla, Dactylogyridae) from Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes, with the redescription of C. bifurcatus and C. longipenis.","authors":"Tiziana P Gobbin, Maarten P M Vanhove, Ole Seehausen, Martine E Maan, Antoine Pariselle","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024039","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African cichlids are model systems for evolutionary studies and host-parasite interactions, because of their adaptive radiations and because they harbour many species of monogenean parasites with high host-specificity. Five locations were sampled in southern Lake Victoria: gill-infecting monogeneans were surveyed from 18 cichlid species belonging to this radiation superflock and two others representing two older and distantly related lineages. We found one species of Gyrodactylidae, Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert & Huyse, 2011, and seven species of Dactylogyridae. Four are described herein: Cichlidogyrus pseudodossoui n. sp., Cichlidogyrus nyanza n. sp., Cichlidogyrus furu n. sp., and Cichlidogyrus vetusmolendarius n. sp. Another Cichlidogyrus species is reported but not formally described (low number of specimens, morphological similarity with C. furu n. sp.). Two other species are redescribed: C. bifurcatus Paperna, 1960 and C. longipenis Paperna & Thurston, 1969. Our results confirm that the monogenean fauna of Victorian littoral cichlids displays lower species richness and lower host-specificity than that of Lake Tanganyika littoral cichlids. In C. furu n. sp., hooks V are clearly longer than the others, highlighting the need to re-evaluate the current classification system that considers hook pairs III-VII as rather uniform. Some morphological features of C. bifurcatus, C. longipenis, and C. nyanza n. sp. suggest that these are closely related to congeners that infect other haplochromines. Morphological traits indicate that representatives of Cichlidogyrus colonised Lake Victoria haplochromines or their ancestors at least twice, which is in line with the Lake Victoria superflock being colonised by two cichlid tribes (Haplochromini and Oreochromini).</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}