Capsalids are monopisthocotylean monogenean parasites found on the skin and gills of fish. Capsalines (subfamily Capsalinae) are large-sized capsalids, parasitic on highly prized gamefish, and species of Tristoma parasitise only the gills of swordfish (Xiphias gladius). We obtained specimens of Tristoma integrum Diesing, 1850 from swordfish collected off Algeria in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we describe the specimens, including the key systematics characters of dorsolateral body sclerites. One specimen was used for a next generation sequencing analysis but a part of it, including the sclerites, was mounted on a permanent slide, drawn, and deposited in a curated collection. We characterised the complete mitogenome, the ribosomal cluster (including 18S and 28S) and additional genes such as Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) and Histone 3. We also retrieved molecular information from the host tissue present in the gut of the monogenean and provide the sequence of the complete rRNA cluster of the host, X. gladius. The mitogenome of T. integrum is 13 968 bp in length and codes for 12 protein, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA. Phylogenies of capsalids were generated from 28S sequences and concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes, respectively. In the 28S phylogeny, most subfamilies based on morphology were not found to be monophyletic, but the Capsalinae were monophyletic. In both phylogenies, the closest member to Tristoma spp. was a member of the Capsaloides. In an Appendix, we report the complex nomenclatural history of Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 and its species.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterisation of Tristoma integrum Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea, Capsalidae), including its complete mitogenome.","authors":"Romain Gastineau, Chahinez Bouguerche, Fadila Tazerouti, Jean-Lou Justine","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capsalids are monopisthocotylean monogenean parasites found on the skin and gills of fish. Capsalines (subfamily Capsalinae) are large-sized capsalids, parasitic on highly prized gamefish, and species of Tristoma parasitise only the gills of swordfish (Xiphias gladius). We obtained specimens of Tristoma integrum Diesing, 1850 from swordfish collected off Algeria in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we describe the specimens, including the key systematics characters of dorsolateral body sclerites. One specimen was used for a next generation sequencing analysis but a part of it, including the sclerites, was mounted on a permanent slide, drawn, and deposited in a curated collection. We characterised the complete mitogenome, the ribosomal cluster (including 18S and 28S) and additional genes such as Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) and Histone 3. We also retrieved molecular information from the host tissue present in the gut of the monogenean and provide the sequence of the complete rRNA cluster of the host, X. gladius. The mitogenome of T. integrum is 13 968 bp in length and codes for 12 protein, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA. Phylogenies of capsalids were generated from 28S sequences and concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes, respectively. In the 28S phylogeny, most subfamilies based on morphology were not found to be monophyletic, but the Capsalinae were monophyletic. In both phylogenies, the closest member to Tristoma spp. was a member of the Capsaloides. In an Appendix, we report the complex nomenclatural history of Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 and its species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10187539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9840068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023037
Yao Jean Rodrigue Konan, Djakaridja Berté, Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta, Jean-Paul Demoncheaux, Sylvie Sauzet, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio, Louis N'dri, Bamoro Coulibaly, Philippe Solano, Sophie Ravel, Adeline Ségard, Dramane Kaba, Thierry De Meeûs, Vincent Djohan, Vincent Jamonneau
African trypanosomoses, whose pathogens are transmitted by tsetse flies, are a threat to animal and human health. Tsetse flies observed at the military base of the French Forces in Côte d'Ivoire (FFCI base) were probably involved in the infection and death of military working dogs. Entomological and parasitological surveys were carried out during the rainy and dry seasons using "Vavoua" traps to identify tsetse fly species, their distribution, favorable biotopes and food sources, as well as the trypanosomes they harbor. A total of 1185 Glossina palpalis palpalis tsetse flies were caught, corresponding to a high average apparent density of 2.26 tsetse/trap/day. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of tsetse at the FFCI base, linked to more or less favorable biotopes. No significant variation in tsetse densities was observed according to the season. The overall trypanosomes infection rate according to microscopic observation was 13.5%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense forest type, responsible for African animal trypanosomosis. Our findings suggest that there is a risk of introduction and transmission of T. brucei gambiense, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis, on the study site. This risk of transmission of African trypanosomes concerns not only the FFCI base, but also inhabited peripheral areas. Our study confirmed the need for vector control adapted to the eco-epidemiological context of the FFCI base.
{"title":"Tsetse fly ecology and risk of transmission of African trypanosomes related to a protected forest area at a military base in the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.","authors":"Yao Jean Rodrigue Konan, Djakaridja Berté, Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta, Jean-Paul Demoncheaux, Sylvie Sauzet, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio, Louis N'dri, Bamoro Coulibaly, Philippe Solano, Sophie Ravel, Adeline Ségard, Dramane Kaba, Thierry De Meeûs, Vincent Djohan, Vincent Jamonneau","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African trypanosomoses, whose pathogens are transmitted by tsetse flies, are a threat to animal and human health. Tsetse flies observed at the military base of the French Forces in Côte d'Ivoire (FFCI base) were probably involved in the infection and death of military working dogs. Entomological and parasitological surveys were carried out during the rainy and dry seasons using \"Vavoua\" traps to identify tsetse fly species, their distribution, favorable biotopes and food sources, as well as the trypanosomes they harbor. A total of 1185 Glossina palpalis palpalis tsetse flies were caught, corresponding to a high average apparent density of 2.26 tsetse/trap/day. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of tsetse at the FFCI base, linked to more or less favorable biotopes. No significant variation in tsetse densities was observed according to the season. The overall trypanosomes infection rate according to microscopic observation was 13.5%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense forest type, responsible for African animal trypanosomosis. Our findings suggest that there is a risk of introduction and transmission of T. brucei gambiense, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis, on the study site. This risk of transmission of African trypanosomes concerns not only the FFCI base, but also inhabited peripheral areas. Our study confirmed the need for vector control adapted to the eco-epidemiological context of the FFCI base.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41139248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023033
Marion Lefebvre, Romy Razakandrainibe, Damien Schapman, Arnaud François, Damien Genty, Ludovic Galas, Isabelle Villena, Loic Favennec, Damien Costa
Free-Living Amebae (FLA) and Cryptosporidium oocysts occasionally share the same environment. From 2004 to 2016, Cryptosporidium was responsible for 60% of 905 worldwide waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoan parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions between C. parvum oocysts and two common FLAs (Acanthamoeba castellanii and Vermamoeba vermiformis) in a water environment. Encystment and survival of FLAs were evaluated by microscopy using trypan blue vital coloration. Oocysts were numerated on microscopy. Interactions were studied over time in conditions both unfavorable and favorable to phagocytosis. Potential phagocytosis was directly evaluated by several microscopic approaches and indirectly by numeration of microorganisms and oocyst infectivity evaluation. Occasional phagocytosis of C. parvum by FLAs was documented. However, oocyst concentrations did not decrease significantly, suggesting resistance of oocysts to phagocytosis. A temporary decrease of oocyst infectivity was observed in the presence of A. castellanii. The effect of these interactions on C. parvum infectivity is particularly interesting. The biofilm condition could favor the persistence or even the proliferation of oocysts over time. This study demonstrated interactions between C. parvum and FLAs. Further knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the decrease of oocyst infectivity in the presence of A. castellanii could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches.
{"title":"Interactions between free-living amoebae and Cryptosporidium parvum: an experimental study.","authors":"Marion Lefebvre, Romy Razakandrainibe, Damien Schapman, Arnaud François, Damien Genty, Ludovic Galas, Isabelle Villena, Loic Favennec, Damien Costa","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free-Living Amebae (FLA) and Cryptosporidium oocysts occasionally share the same environment. From 2004 to 2016, Cryptosporidium was responsible for 60% of 905 worldwide waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoan parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions between C. parvum oocysts and two common FLAs (Acanthamoeba castellanii and Vermamoeba vermiformis) in a water environment. Encystment and survival of FLAs were evaluated by microscopy using trypan blue vital coloration. Oocysts were numerated on microscopy. Interactions were studied over time in conditions both unfavorable and favorable to phagocytosis. Potential phagocytosis was directly evaluated by several microscopic approaches and indirectly by numeration of microorganisms and oocyst infectivity evaluation. Occasional phagocytosis of C. parvum by FLAs was documented. However, oocyst concentrations did not decrease significantly, suggesting resistance of oocysts to phagocytosis. A temporary decrease of oocyst infectivity was observed in the presence of A. castellanii. The effect of these interactions on C. parvum infectivity is particularly interesting. The biofilm condition could favor the persistence or even the proliferation of oocysts over time. This study demonstrated interactions between C. parvum and FLAs. Further knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the decrease of oocyst infectivity in the presence of A. castellanii could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023015
Leopoldo Andrade-Gómez, Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares, Brenda Solórzano-García, Martín García-Varela, Berenit Mendoza-Garfias, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
Adult specimens of monorchiids (Digenea) were collected from the intestines of the white grunt, Haemulon plumierii Lacepède (Haemulidae), and the white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes (Mugilidae) from five localities off the Yucatán Peninsula and one locality in the Gulf of Mexico. Some specimens were photographed and sequenced for two molecular markers, the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear rDNA and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of mitochondrial DNA. Other specimens were processed for morphological analyses. Newly generated sequences were aligned with other sequences available in GenBank. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses were implemented using the data sets of LSU and cox1 independently. Reciprocal monophyly evidenced through phylogenetic analyses, sequence divergence values for both molecular markers, and detailed morphological analyses, including scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs, revealed three new genetic lineages, i.e., species, as parasites of M. curema. The three new species are Sinistroporomonorchis mexicanus n. sp., Sinistroporomonorchis yucatanensis n. sp., and Sinistroporomonorchis minutus n. sp. Two additional species of monorchiids were sampled, characterised molecularly, and re-described, namely Sinistroporomonorchis glebulentus (Overstreet, 1971) from the white mullet, and Alloinfundiburictus haemuli (Overstreet, 1969), from the white grunt.
从Yucatán半岛附近的5个地点和墨西哥湾的1个地点采集了白梭鱼Haemulon plumierii lacep (Haemulidae)和白鲻鱼Mugil curema Valenciennes (Mugilidae)的肠道中采集了单兰科(Digenea)的成虫标本。对部分标本进行了拍照和两种分子标记测序,即核rDNA的大亚基(LSU)和线粒体DNA的细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1 (cox1)。其他标本进行形态学分析。将新生成的序列与GenBank中可用的其他序列比对。分别使用LSU和cox1数据集进行贝叶斯推理和最大似然分析。通过系统发育分析、分子标记的序列差异值和详细的形态学分析(包括扫描电子显微镜显微照片)证明了互惠单系性,揭示了三个新的遗传谱系,即种,作为血吸虫的寄生虫。三个新种是Sinistroporomonorchis mexicanus n. sp、Sinistroporomonorchis yucatanensis n. sp和Sinistroporomonorchis minutus n. sp。另外两个单兰科植物被采样、分子表征并重新描述,即来自白色鲻鱼的Sinistroporomonorchis glebulentus (Overstreet, 1971)和来自白色grunt的alloinfunddiburictus haemuli (Overstreet, 1969)。
{"title":"Monorchiids (Digenea, Trematoda) of fishes in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, with the description of three new species based on morphological and molecular data.","authors":"Leopoldo Andrade-Gómez, Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares, Brenda Solórzano-García, Martín García-Varela, Berenit Mendoza-Garfias, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult specimens of monorchiids (Digenea) were collected from the intestines of the white grunt, Haemulon plumierii Lacepède (Haemulidae), and the white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes (Mugilidae) from five localities off the Yucatán Peninsula and one locality in the Gulf of Mexico. Some specimens were photographed and sequenced for two molecular markers, the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear rDNA and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of mitochondrial DNA. Other specimens were processed for morphological analyses. Newly generated sequences were aligned with other sequences available in GenBank. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses were implemented using the data sets of LSU and cox1 independently. Reciprocal monophyly evidenced through phylogenetic analyses, sequence divergence values for both molecular markers, and detailed morphological analyses, including scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs, revealed three new genetic lineages, i.e., species, as parasites of M. curema. The three new species are Sinistroporomonorchis mexicanus n. sp., Sinistroporomonorchis yucatanensis n. sp., and Sinistroporomonorchis minutus n. sp. Two additional species of monorchiids were sampled, characterised molecularly, and re-described, namely Sinistroporomonorchis glebulentus (Overstreet, 1971) from the white mullet, and Alloinfundiburictus haemuli (Overstreet, 1969), from the white grunt.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10184649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in humans and various animals, threatening the breeding industry and public health. However, there is limited information on the molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in yaks, an economically important animal mainly domesticated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In the present study, nested PCR targeting the ITS gene region was applied to investigate the positive rates and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in 223 faecal samples of yaks from three locations in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 23.8% (53/223). Significant differences in positive rates were identified among yaks from three locations (χ2 = 8.535, p = 0.014) and four age groups (χ2 = 17.259, p = 0.001), with the highest positive rates in yaks from Yajiang and aged < 6 months, respectively. Sequence analysis identified seven known (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, J and BEB4) and five novel (Ganzi1-5) ITS genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed eight genotypes (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, Ganzi1, Ganzi2 and Ganzi4) in group 1 and three genotypes (J, BEB4 and Ganzi3) in group 2, indicating high genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in yaks from Ganzi. Considering the increasing zoonotic genotypes in yaks in the present study compared with previous findings, interventions should be developed to reduce the potential transmission of E. bieneusi between humans and animals.
{"title":"High genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in yaks (Bos grunniens) from Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.","authors":"Xin Yang, Ying-Ying Fan, Dan-Jiao Yang, Shuang Huang, Jun-Wei Wang, Xu Chen, Min Zhang, Yi-Wen Liu, Qiang Li, Jun-Ke Song, Guang-Hui Zhao","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in humans and various animals, threatening the breeding industry and public health. However, there is limited information on the molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in yaks, an economically important animal mainly domesticated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In the present study, nested PCR targeting the ITS gene region was applied to investigate the positive rates and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in 223 faecal samples of yaks from three locations in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 23.8% (53/223). Significant differences in positive rates were identified among yaks from three locations (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 8.535, p = 0.014) and four age groups (χ<sup>2</sup> = 17.259, p = 0.001), with the highest positive rates in yaks from Yajiang and aged < 6 months, respectively. Sequence analysis identified seven known (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, J and BEB4) and five novel (Ganzi1-5) ITS genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed eight genotypes (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, Ganzi1, Ganzi2 and Ganzi4) in group 1 and three genotypes (J, BEB4 and Ganzi3) in group 2, indicating high genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in yaks from Ganzi. Considering the increasing zoonotic genotypes in yaks in the present study compared with previous findings, interventions should be developed to reduce the potential transmission of E. bieneusi between humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10525053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, control measures for T. gondii infection are insufficient due to the lack of effective medications or vaccines. In this paper, recombinant T. gondii uridine phosphorylase (rTgUPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via Ni2+-NTA agarose. rTgUPase was inoculated intranasally into BALB/c mice, and the induced immune responses were evaluated by mucosal and humoral antibody and cytokine assays and lymphoproliferative measurements. Moreover, the protective effect against the T. gondii RH strain infection was assessed by calculating the burdens of tachyzoites in the liver and brain and by recording the survival rate and time. Our results revealed that mice immunised with 30 μg rTgUPase produced significantly higher levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, vaginal and vesical washes and synthesised higher levels of total IgG, IgG1 and, in particular, IgG2a in their blood sera. rTgUPase immunisation increased the production of IFN-gamma, interleukin IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10 from isolated mouse spleen cells and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgUPase-inoculated mice were effectively protected against infection with the T. gondii RH strain, showing considerable reduction of tachyzoite burdens in liver and brain tissues after 30 days of infection, and a 44.29% increase in survival rate during an acute challenge. The above findings show that intranasal inoculation with rTgUPase provoked mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses and indicate that rTgUPase might serve as a promising vaccine candidate for protecting against toxoplasmosis.
{"title":"Intranasal immunisation with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii uridine phosphorylase confers resistance against acute toxoplasmosis in mice.","authors":"Li-Tian Yin, Ying-Jie Ren, Yu-Jie You, Yong Yang, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hai-Long Wang","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023047","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, control measures for T. gondii infection are insufficient due to the lack of effective medications or vaccines. In this paper, recombinant T. gondii uridine phosphorylase (rTgUPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via Ni<sup>2+</sup>-NTA agarose. rTgUPase was inoculated intranasally into BALB/c mice, and the induced immune responses were evaluated by mucosal and humoral antibody and cytokine assays and lymphoproliferative measurements. Moreover, the protective effect against the T. gondii RH strain infection was assessed by calculating the burdens of tachyzoites in the liver and brain and by recording the survival rate and time. Our results revealed that mice immunised with 30 μg rTgUPase produced significantly higher levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, vaginal and vesical washes and synthesised higher levels of total IgG, IgG1 and, in particular, IgG2a in their blood sera. rTgUPase immunisation increased the production of IFN-gamma, interleukin IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10 from isolated mouse spleen cells and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgUPase-inoculated mice were effectively protected against infection with the T. gondii RH strain, showing considerable reduction of tachyzoite burdens in liver and brain tissues after 30 days of infection, and a 44.29% increase in survival rate during an acute challenge. The above findings show that intranasal inoculation with rTgUPase provoked mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses and indicate that rTgUPase might serve as a promising vaccine candidate for protecting against toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023064
Kiswend-Sida M Dera, Mouhamadou M Dieng, Percy Moyaba, Gisele Ms Ouedraogo, Soumaïla Pagabeleguem, Flobert Njokou, François S Ngambia Freitas, Chantel J de Beer, Robert L Mach, Marc Jb Vreysen, Adly Mm Abd-Alla
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are vectors of the tropical neglected diseases sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. The elimination of these diseases is linked to control of the vector. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method that has been shown to be effective when applied in an area-wide integrated pest management approach. However, as irradiated males conserve their vectorial competence, there is the potential risk of trypanosome transmission with their release in the field. Analyzing the interaction between the tsetse fly and its microbiota, and between different microbiota and the trypanosome, might provide important information to enhance the fly's resistance to trypanosome infection. This study on the prevalence of Spiroplasma in wild populations of seven tsetse species from East, West, Central and Southern Africa showed that Spiroplasma is present only in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides. In G. tachinoides, a significant deviation from independence in co-infection with Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma spp. was observed. Moreover, Spiroplasma infections seem to significantly reduce the density of the trypanosomes, suggesting that Spiroplasma might enhance tsetse fly's refractoriness to the trypanosome infections. This finding might be useful to reduce risks associated with the release of sterile males during SIT implementation in trypanosome endemic areas.
采采蝇(双翅目:齿蝇科)是被忽视的热带疾病人类昏睡病和动物纳加纳病的病媒。消除这些疾病与控制病媒有关。昆虫不育技术(SIT)是一种环境友好型方法,在整个地区范围内采用虫害综合治理方法时已被证明是有效的。然而,由于经过辐照的雄虫保持着传病能力,因此将其释放到田间存在锥虫传播的潜在风险。分析采采蝇与其微生物群之间的相互作用,以及不同微生物群与锥虫之间的相互作用,可能会为提高采采蝇对锥虫感染的抵抗力提供重要信息。这项关于东非、西非、中非和南部非洲 7 种采采蝇野生种群中螺浆虫流行率的研究表明,螺浆虫只存在于 Glossina fuscipes fuscipes 和 Glossina tachinoides 中。在 G. tachinoides 中,观察到螺浆虫和锥虫的共同感染显著偏离了独立性。此外,螺浆虫感染似乎大大降低了锥虫的密度,这表明螺浆虫可能会增强采采蝇对锥虫感染的抵抗力。这一发现可能有助于降低在锥虫流行地区实施 SIT 期间释放不育雄蝇所带来的风险。
{"title":"Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota.","authors":"Kiswend-Sida M Dera, Mouhamadou M Dieng, Percy Moyaba, Gisele Ms Ouedraogo, Soumaïla Pagabeleguem, Flobert Njokou, François S Ngambia Freitas, Chantel J de Beer, Robert L Mach, Marc Jb Vreysen, Adly Mm Abd-Alla","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023064","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are vectors of the tropical neglected diseases sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. The elimination of these diseases is linked to control of the vector. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method that has been shown to be effective when applied in an area-wide integrated pest management approach. However, as irradiated males conserve their vectorial competence, there is the potential risk of trypanosome transmission with their release in the field. Analyzing the interaction between the tsetse fly and its microbiota, and between different microbiota and the trypanosome, might provide important information to enhance the fly's resistance to trypanosome infection. This study on the prevalence of Spiroplasma in wild populations of seven tsetse species from East, West, Central and Southern Africa showed that Spiroplasma is present only in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides. In G. tachinoides, a significant deviation from independence in co-infection with Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma spp. was observed. Moreover, Spiroplasma infections seem to significantly reduce the density of the trypanosomes, suggesting that Spiroplasma might enhance tsetse fly's refractoriness to the trypanosome infections. This finding might be useful to reduce risks associated with the release of sterile males during SIT implementation in trypanosome endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023039
Amanda Caroline de Jesus Alves, Ana Cecília Feio Dos Santos, José Mário Veloso Peres, José Maria de Souza Nascimento, Danielle Regina Lima Barbosa, Juliana Vasconcelos Figueiredo, Giselle Maria Rachid Viana, Marinete Marins Póvoa
This study aimed to perform morphological and molecular analyses of parasites isolated from the blood of malaria-infected individuals during an outbreak in the Microregion of Cametá, State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 260 positive samples were identified by microscopy as Plasmodium vivax; however, in three samples, forms considered unusual for the species were found and defined as morphological atypia of P. vivax. Single P. vivax infection was confirmed by qPCR in all samples. Among 256 genotyped samples, the VK247 genotype alone was identified in 255 samples, and the VK210 genotype was found in only one. The study showed that this malaria outbreak was caused by the etiological agent P. vivax, and for the first time, morphological atypia was described in isolates circulating in Brazil. Likewise, for the first time, the VK247 genotype was detected predominantly in single infections in an area of the State of Pará, which may suggest a greater circulation of the genotype in the region.
{"title":"Morphological atypia and molecular profile of Plasmodium vivax: Findings from an outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Amanda Caroline de Jesus Alves, Ana Cecília Feio Dos Santos, José Mário Veloso Peres, José Maria de Souza Nascimento, Danielle Regina Lima Barbosa, Juliana Vasconcelos Figueiredo, Giselle Maria Rachid Viana, Marinete Marins Póvoa","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023039","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to perform morphological and molecular analyses of parasites isolated from the blood of malaria-infected individuals during an outbreak in the Microregion of Cametá, State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 260 positive samples were identified by microscopy as Plasmodium vivax; however, in three samples, forms considered unusual for the species were found and defined as morphological atypia of P. vivax. Single P. vivax infection was confirmed by qPCR in all samples. Among 256 genotyped samples, the VK247 genotype alone was identified in 255 samples, and the VK210 genotype was found in only one. The study showed that this malaria outbreak was caused by the etiological agent P. vivax, and for the first time, morphological atypia was described in isolates circulating in Brazil. Likewise, for the first time, the VK247 genotype was detected predominantly in single infections in an area of the State of Pará, which may suggest a greater circulation of the genotype in the region.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10540677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause fatal complications due to hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients. We used two Strongyloides stercoralis recombinant antigenic proteins, L3NieAg.01 (NIE) and IgG-immunoreactive antigen (SsIR), to develop the recombinant antigen-based immunochromatography test (ICT) kit. We constructed and compared kits using either the NIE (NIE ICT kit) or the SsIR (SsIR ICT kit) antigens and a kit using a mixture of both (NIE-SsIR ICT kit) for detection of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibody in human serum samples. Serum samples from normal healthy individuals (Group I, n = 40), proven strongyloidiasis patients (Group II, n = 100), and those with other parasitic infections (Group III, n = 154) were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity were 81.0% and 84.0% for the NIE ICT kit, 89.0% and 83.5% for the SsIR ICT kit, and 95.0% and 90.2% for the NIE-SsIR ICT kit, respectively. The NIE-SsIR ICT kit provided the best diagnostic results; it can supplement stool examination for clinical diagnosis and can be used to screen for asymptomatic S. stercoralis infection in people at risk in endemic areas. The NIE-SsIR ICT kit can also be used in large-scale sero-epidemiological investigations in endemic areas without the need for additional facilities or ancillary supplies.
{"title":"Improved diagnostic sensitivity of human strongyloidiasis using point-of-care mixed recombinant antigen-based immunochromatography.","authors":"Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, Penchom Janwan, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Punyisa Buadee, Chanida Suprom, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Pewpan M Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause fatal complications due to hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients. We used two Strongyloides stercoralis recombinant antigenic proteins, L3NieAg.01 (NIE) and IgG-immunoreactive antigen (SsIR), to develop the recombinant antigen-based immunochromatography test (ICT) kit. We constructed and compared kits using either the NIE (NIE ICT kit) or the SsIR (SsIR ICT kit) antigens and a kit using a mixture of both (NIE-SsIR ICT kit) for detection of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibody in human serum samples. Serum samples from normal healthy individuals (Group I, n = 40), proven strongyloidiasis patients (Group II, n = 100), and those with other parasitic infections (Group III, n = 154) were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity were 81.0% and 84.0% for the NIE ICT kit, 89.0% and 83.5% for the SsIR ICT kit, and 95.0% and 90.2% for the NIE-SsIR ICT kit, respectively. The NIE-SsIR ICT kit provided the best diagnostic results; it can supplement stool examination for clinical diagnosis and can be used to screen for asymptomatic S. stercoralis infection in people at risk in endemic areas. The NIE-SsIR ICT kit can also be used in large-scale sero-epidemiological investigations in endemic areas without the need for additional facilities or ancillary supplies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023004
Qianming Zhao, Chenyang Lu, Zhiyang Pei, Pihong Gong, Junqiang Li, Fuchun Jian, Bo Jing, Meng Qi, Changshen Ning
Giardia duodenalis is a common zoonotic intestinal parasitic protozoan and sheep are among its hosts; however, limited information is available on sheep kept in large-scale housing. The Hu sheep is a first-class protected local livestock breed in China. In this study, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of G. duodenalis infection in Hu sheep and the environmental contamination of large-scale sheep farms. We collected 474 fecal samples and 312 environmental samples from Hu sheep on a large-scale sheep farm in Henan, China. The prevalence of G. duodenalis was determined by nested PCR targeting the β‑giardin (bg) gene. The assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were investigated based on analyses of three genetic loci, i.e. bg, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). To detect mixed infections of different assemblages, assemblage A/E-specific PCRs were performed to amplify the tpi gene. The prevalence of G. duodenalis infection in sheep was 17.9% (81/474) and the positivity rate in environmental samples was 0.96% (3/312). Genetic analysis revealed the presence of two assemblages (assemblages A and E), with assemblage E being detected in both fecal and environmental samples, and assemblage A detected only in fecal samples. A total of 23 MLGs were obtained in fecal and environmental samples, all of which belonged to assemblage E. These results indicate the seasonal dynamics of G. duodenalis infection in sheep and environmental contamination on large-scale housing sheep farms and provide an important reference for the prevention and control of G. duodenalis on large-scale housing sheep farms.
{"title":"Giardia duodenalis in Hu sheep: occurrence and environmental contamination on large-scale housing farms.","authors":"Qianming Zhao, Chenyang Lu, Zhiyang Pei, Pihong Gong, Junqiang Li, Fuchun Jian, Bo Jing, Meng Qi, Changshen Ning","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giardia duodenalis is a common zoonotic intestinal parasitic protozoan and sheep are among its hosts; however, limited information is available on sheep kept in large-scale housing. The Hu sheep is a first-class protected local livestock breed in China. In this study, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of G. duodenalis infection in Hu sheep and the environmental contamination of large-scale sheep farms. We collected 474 fecal samples and 312 environmental samples from Hu sheep on a large-scale sheep farm in Henan, China. The prevalence of G. duodenalis was determined by nested PCR targeting the β‑giardin (bg) gene. The assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were investigated based on analyses of three genetic loci, i.e. bg, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). To detect mixed infections of different assemblages, assemblage A/E-specific PCRs were performed to amplify the tpi gene. The prevalence of G. duodenalis infection in sheep was 17.9% (81/474) and the positivity rate in environmental samples was 0.96% (3/312). Genetic analysis revealed the presence of two assemblages (assemblages A and E), with assemblage E being detected in both fecal and environmental samples, and assemblage A detected only in fecal samples. A total of 23 MLGs were obtained in fecal and environmental samples, all of which belonged to assemblage E. These results indicate the seasonal dynamics of G. duodenalis infection in sheep and environmental contamination on large-scale housing sheep farms and provide an important reference for the prevention and control of G. duodenalis on large-scale housing sheep farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9212639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}