A recent study in hamsters showed that infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini in diabetic hosts worsens the severity of hepatobiliary disease. However, the effects of diabetes on the worm's phenotype and gene expression pattern remain unknown. This study investigated the impact of diabetes on the global gene expression and development of O. viverrini in diabetic hamsters. Parasitological parameters were assessed, and mRNA sequencing with bioinformatic analysis was performed. The study revealed that worm establishment rates in diabetic hamsters were directly correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels. Interestingly, worms collected from diabetic hosts exhibited stunted growth and reduced egg production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant alterations in gene expression, with 4314 and 567 differentially expressed genes at 21- and 35-days post-infection, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis highlighted changes in biological processes related to stress response, metabolism, and cellular organization. Notably, genes associated with parasite virulence, including granulin, tetraspanins, and thioredoxins, showed significant upregulation in diabetic hosts. These findings demonstrate the profound impact of host diabetic status on O. viverrini development and gene expression, providing insights into the complex interplay between host metabolism and parasite biology, including molecular adaptations of O. viverrini in hosts. This study contributes to our understanding of opisthorchiasis in the context of metabolic disorders and may inform future strategies for disease management in diabetic human populations.
{"title":"Transcriptome changes of liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini in diabetic hamsters.","authors":"Apisit Chaidee, Naruechar Charoenram, Chatchawan Sengthong, Rungtiwa Dangtakot, Porntip Pinlaor, Thatsanapong Pongking, Somchai Pinlaor","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent study in hamsters showed that infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini in diabetic hosts worsens the severity of hepatobiliary disease. However, the effects of diabetes on the worm's phenotype and gene expression pattern remain unknown. This study investigated the impact of diabetes on the global gene expression and development of O. viverrini in diabetic hamsters. Parasitological parameters were assessed, and mRNA sequencing with bioinformatic analysis was performed. The study revealed that worm establishment rates in diabetic hamsters were directly correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels. Interestingly, worms collected from diabetic hosts exhibited stunted growth and reduced egg production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant alterations in gene expression, with 4314 and 567 differentially expressed genes at 21- and 35-days post-infection, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis highlighted changes in biological processes related to stress response, metabolism, and cellular organization. Notably, genes associated with parasite virulence, including granulin, tetraspanins, and thioredoxins, showed significant upregulation in diabetic hosts. These findings demonstrate the profound impact of host diabetic status on O. viverrini development and gene expression, providing insights into the complex interplay between host metabolism and parasite biology, including molecular adaptations of O. viverrini in hosts. This study contributes to our understanding of opisthorchiasis in the context of metabolic disorders and may inform future strategies for disease management in diabetic human populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11396942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024031
Li Liu, Long Wang, Feng Tan, Wei Zhao, Fansheng Zeng
Wild rodents are key carriers of various human pathogens, including Blastocystis spp. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis among wild rodents in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province of China. From November 2023 to February 2024, 486 rodents were captured in these regions. Fresh feces were collected from the intestines of each rodent for the isolation of DNA and PCR amplification of the vertebrate cytochrome b (cytb) gene to identify rodent species. Subsequently, PCR analysis and sequencing of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were utilized to detect Blastocystis in all fecal samples. Of the total samples, 27.4% (133/486) were found to be Blastocystis positive. The results revealed the presence of four species of rodents infected with Blastocystis, 32.3% (63/195) in Rattus norvegicus, 15.1% (16/106) in Mus musculus, 20.2% (18/89) in Apodemus agrarius, and 37.5% (36/96) in Cricetulus barabensis. Sequence analysis confirmed the existence of five Blastocystis subtypes: ST1 (n = 4), ST2 (n = 2), the ST4 (n = 125, the dominant subtype), ST10 (n = 1), and a novel ST (n = 1). The identified zoonotic subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST4, and ST10) highlight the possible role played by wild rodents in the transmission of Blastocystis to humans, thereby elevating the chances of human infection. Meanwhile, the discovery of novel sequences also provides new insights into the genetic diversity of this parasite.
{"title":"Molecular investigation of Blastocystis sp. infections in wild rodents from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning province, China: High prevalence and dominance of ST4.","authors":"Li Liu, Long Wang, Feng Tan, Wei Zhao, Fansheng Zeng","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024031","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild rodents are key carriers of various human pathogens, including Blastocystis spp. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis among wild rodents in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province of China. From November 2023 to February 2024, 486 rodents were captured in these regions. Fresh feces were collected from the intestines of each rodent for the isolation of DNA and PCR amplification of the vertebrate cytochrome b (cytb) gene to identify rodent species. Subsequently, PCR analysis and sequencing of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were utilized to detect Blastocystis in all fecal samples. Of the total samples, 27.4% (133/486) were found to be Blastocystis positive. The results revealed the presence of four species of rodents infected with Blastocystis, 32.3% (63/195) in Rattus norvegicus, 15.1% (16/106) in Mus musculus, 20.2% (18/89) in Apodemus agrarius, and 37.5% (36/96) in Cricetulus barabensis. Sequence analysis confirmed the existence of five Blastocystis subtypes: ST1 (n = 4), ST2 (n = 2), the ST4 (n = 125, the dominant subtype), ST10 (n = 1), and a novel ST (n = 1). The identified zoonotic subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST4, and ST10) highlight the possible role played by wild rodents in the transmission of Blastocystis to humans, thereby elevating the chances of human infection. Meanwhile, the discovery of novel sequences also provides new insights into the genetic diversity of this parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024029
Mohamed Gharbi, Patrick Giraudoux
The emergence of pandemics with dramatic consequences for human health has obscured endemic diseases that continue to pose a problem for human and animal health in several regions of the world. Among these diseases, cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by a group of cestodes, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, remains a real human and animal health problem in several regions of the world, including the Mediterranean Basin. Despite the implementation of a number of governmental control programmes using several tools (dog treatment, meat inspection, etc.), this infection is still highly prevalent in North Africa. Here we present a review of the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in Tunisia, an analysis of the constraints limiting the effectiveness of the control programmes implemented, and finally argue for the use of the One Health framework to improve the effectiveness of future programmes.
{"title":"Cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infection) in Tunisia, a One Health perspective for a future control programme.","authors":"Mohamed Gharbi, Patrick Giraudoux","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024029","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of pandemics with dramatic consequences for human health has obscured endemic diseases that continue to pose a problem for human and animal health in several regions of the world. Among these diseases, cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by a group of cestodes, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, remains a real human and animal health problem in several regions of the world, including the Mediterranean Basin. Despite the implementation of a number of governmental control programmes using several tools (dog treatment, meat inspection, etc.), this infection is still highly prevalent in North Africa. Here we present a review of the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in Tunisia, an analysis of the constraints limiting the effectiveness of the control programmes implemented, and finally argue for the use of the One Health framework to improve the effectiveness of future programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ISAGA immunocapture test for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M is a manual technique known for its excellent sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this retrospective, multicenter study was to compare the performances and agreement between ISAGA and other IgM detection techniques before cessation of ISAGA production. The analytic performance of the different tests was evaluated using 1,341 serum samples from adults with positive IgM and negative IgG to Toxoplasma gondii, and 1,206 sera from neonates born to mothers with seroconversion. The agreement between the tests was evaluated on 13,506 adult and 5,795 child serum samples. The sensitivity of Toxo-ISAGA IgM® (adults 98.7%, neonates 63.1%) was similar to that of Platelia Toxo IgM® (adults 94.4%, neonates 64.6%), and significantly higher than Liaison Toxo IgM® (adults 90.6%), Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM® (adults 95.7%, neonates 48.6%), and Vidas Toxo IgM® (adults 81.8%, neonates 17.5%). However, the specificities varied between 24.4% (Platelia Toxo IgM®) and 95.2% (Liaison Toxo IgM®) in adults and were >95% for all tests in neonates. An analysis of the kappa coefficients showed better agreement between ISAGA IgM® and the other tests in children (0.75-0.83%) than in adults (0.11-0.53%). We conclude that, in the absence of Toxo-ISAGA IgM®, the association of a very sensitive technique (Platelia Toxo IgM® or Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM®) and a very specific technique (Vidas Toxo IgM® or Liaison Toxo IgM®) is recommended for IgM detection in adult sera. For neonates, Platelia Toxo IgM® appeared to be the best alternative to replace Toxo-ISAGA IgM®.
{"title":"Comparative performance of ISAGA IgM and ELISA assays for the diagnosis of maternal and congenital Toxoplasma infections: which technique could replace ISAGA IgM?","authors":"Anne-Sophie Deleplancque, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, Christelle Pomares, Coralie L'Ollivier, Jean-Philippe Lemoine, Bernard Cimon, Luc Paris, Sandrine Houzé, Isabelle Villena, Hervé Pelloux, Odile Villard","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024004","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ISAGA immunocapture test for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M is a manual technique known for its excellent sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this retrospective, multicenter study was to compare the performances and agreement between ISAGA and other IgM detection techniques before cessation of ISAGA production. The analytic performance of the different tests was evaluated using 1,341 serum samples from adults with positive IgM and negative IgG to Toxoplasma gondii, and 1,206 sera from neonates born to mothers with seroconversion. The agreement between the tests was evaluated on 13,506 adult and 5,795 child serum samples. The sensitivity of Toxo-ISAGA IgM<sup>®</sup> (adults 98.7%, neonates 63.1%) was similar to that of Platelia Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> (adults 94.4%, neonates 64.6%), and significantly higher than Liaison Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> (adults 90.6%), Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> (adults 95.7%, neonates 48.6%), and Vidas Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> (adults 81.8%, neonates 17.5%). However, the specificities varied between 24.4% (Platelia Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup>) and 95.2% (Liaison Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup>) in adults and were >95% for all tests in neonates. An analysis of the kappa coefficients showed better agreement between ISAGA IgM<sup>®</sup> and the other tests in children (0.75-0.83%) than in adults (0.11-0.53%). We conclude that, in the absence of Toxo-ISAGA IgM<sup>®</sup>, the association of a very sensitive technique (Platelia Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> or Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup>) and a very specific technique (Vidas Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> or Liaison Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup>) is recommended for IgM detection in adult sera. For neonates, Platelia Toxo IgM<sup>®</sup> appeared to be the best alternative to replace Toxo-ISAGA IgM<sup>®</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10854481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024053
Feng Li, Yanli Zhang, Chunfu Li, Fenqi Li, Baojiang Gan, Hong Yu, Jian Li, Xinyu Feng, Wei Hu
Background: Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic liver fluke that inhabits the bile ducts of the human liver for prolonged periods, leading to cholangiocarcinoma. Recent research indicates associations between altered biliary microbiota and bile duct disorders. However, the impacts of C. sinensis infection on bile duct epithelium and subsequent effects on biliary microbiota remain unknown.
Methods: Feline bile duct samples were collected from both uninfected and C. sinensis-infected cats. Histopathological examination was performed to assess epithelial changes, fibrosis, mucin and cell proliferation using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, biliary microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the microbial diversity and relative abundance between infected and uninfected samples.
Results: Histopathological analysis of infected feline bile ducts revealed prominent epithelial hyperplasia characterized by increased cell proliferation. Moreover, periductal fibrosis and collagen fibrosis were observed in infected samples compared to uninfected controls. Biliary microbial richness decreased with disease progression compared to uninfected controls. Streptococcus abundance positively correlated with disease severity, dominating communities in cancer samples. Predictive functional analysis suggested that C. sinensis may promote bile duct lesions by increasing microbial genes for carbohydrate metabolism, replication, and repair.
Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive insights into the pathological effects of C. sinensis infection on feline bile duct epithelium and its influence on biliary microbiota composition. These novel findings provide insight into C. sinensis pathogenesis and could inform therapeutic development against human clonorchiasis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these changes and their implications for host-parasite interactions.
背景:中华克龙吸虫是一种人畜共患的肝吸虫,长期栖息于人体肝脏的胆管中,可导致胆管癌。最新研究表明,胆道微生物群的改变与胆管疾病有关。然而,中华鹅膏菌感染对胆管上皮的影响以及随后对胆道微生物群的影响仍然未知:方法:从未感染和感染了 C. sinensis 的猫身上采集猫胆管样本。采用苏木精-伊红染色法和免疫组化法进行组织病理学检查,以评估上皮变化、纤维化、粘蛋白和细胞增殖。此外,还通过 16S rRNA 基因测序分析了胆道微生物群的组成。统计分析比较了感染样本和未感染样本的微生物多样性和相对丰度:感染猫胆管的组织病理学分析显示,猫胆管上皮明显增生,细胞增殖增加。此外,与未感染对照组相比,在感染样本中观察到导管周围纤维化和胶原纤维化。与未感染的对照组相比,胆道微生物的丰富度随着疾病的进展而降低。链球菌的丰富度与疾病的严重程度呈正相关,在癌症样本的群落中占主导地位。预测性功能分析表明,中华链球菌可能会通过增加碳水化合物代谢、复制和修复的微生物基因来促进胆管病变:本研究全面揭示了中华鹅膏菌感染对猫胆管上皮的病理影响及其对胆道微生物群组成的影响。这些新发现有助于深入了解 C. sinensis 的致病机理,并为开发针对人类克隆氏病的疗法提供依据。还需要进一步的研究来阐明驱动这些变化的潜在机制及其对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响。
{"title":"Clonorchis sinensis infection induces pathological changes in feline bile duct epithelium and alters biliary microbiota composition.","authors":"Feng Li, Yanli Zhang, Chunfu Li, Fenqi Li, Baojiang Gan, Hong Yu, Jian Li, Xinyu Feng, Wei Hu","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024053","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic liver fluke that inhabits the bile ducts of the human liver for prolonged periods, leading to cholangiocarcinoma. Recent research indicates associations between altered biliary microbiota and bile duct disorders. However, the impacts of C. sinensis infection on bile duct epithelium and subsequent effects on biliary microbiota remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Feline bile duct samples were collected from both uninfected and C. sinensis-infected cats. Histopathological examination was performed to assess epithelial changes, fibrosis, mucin and cell proliferation using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, biliary microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the microbial diversity and relative abundance between infected and uninfected samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological analysis of infected feline bile ducts revealed prominent epithelial hyperplasia characterized by increased cell proliferation. Moreover, periductal fibrosis and collagen fibrosis were observed in infected samples compared to uninfected controls. Biliary microbial richness decreased with disease progression compared to uninfected controls. Streptococcus abundance positively correlated with disease severity, dominating communities in cancer samples. Predictive functional analysis suggested that C. sinensis may promote bile duct lesions by increasing microbial genes for carbohydrate metabolism, replication, and repair.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides comprehensive insights into the pathological effects of C. sinensis infection on feline bile duct epithelium and its influence on biliary microbiota composition. These novel findings provide insight into C. sinensis pathogenesis and could inform therapeutic development against human clonorchiasis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these changes and their implications for host-parasite interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023067
Žaneta Živčicová, Jana Kvičerová, Pavel Široký
Blood parasites of the genus Hemolivia Petit, Landau, Baccam and Lainson, 1990 (Adeleorina: Karyolysidae) are hemogregarines of ectothermic vertebrates, such as lizards, chelonians, and toads. Only five species of Hemolivia from vertebrate hosts and one from their tick vector have been described so far. In the present study, Central American wood turtles (Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima manni) originating from Southern Nicaragua were screened for the presence of hemogregarines. Ten out of 30 specimens (33.3%) were positive for Hemolivia using both approaches - microscopy and PCR-based analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of two haplotypes, both placed as sister taxa in the Hemolivia clade. Their phylogenetic position was supported by high bootstrap values and high posterior probabilities, suggesting that there are at least two new distinct haplotypes corresponding to two distinct species. However, the specimens of each haplotype were microscopically indistinguishable from each other based on the gamont morphology, therefore, only a single species could be described and named, as Hemolivia pulcherrima n. sp. We consider that the uniform morphology of the most common blood stages of species of the genus Hemolivia complicates their differential diagnosis. Sequence divergence and different host spectra, therefore, remain the only differentiating tools.
{"title":"Hemolivia species infecting Central American wood turtles (Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima manni) and problems with differential diagnosis within the genus Hemolivia.","authors":"Žaneta Živčicová, Jana Kvičerová, Pavel Široký","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023067","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood parasites of the genus Hemolivia Petit, Landau, Baccam and Lainson, 1990 (Adeleorina: Karyolysidae) are hemogregarines of ectothermic vertebrates, such as lizards, chelonians, and toads. Only five species of Hemolivia from vertebrate hosts and one from their tick vector have been described so far. In the present study, Central American wood turtles (Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima manni) originating from Southern Nicaragua were screened for the presence of hemogregarines. Ten out of 30 specimens (33.3%) were positive for Hemolivia using both approaches - microscopy and PCR-based analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of two haplotypes, both placed as sister taxa in the Hemolivia clade. Their phylogenetic position was supported by high bootstrap values and high posterior probabilities, suggesting that there are at least two new distinct haplotypes corresponding to two distinct species. However, the specimens of each haplotype were microscopically indistinguishable from each other based on the gamont morphology, therefore, only a single species could be described and named, as Hemolivia pulcherrima n. sp. We consider that the uniform morphology of the most common blood stages of species of the genus Hemolivia complicates their differential diagnosis. Sequence divergence and different host spectra, therefore, remain the only differentiating tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024010
Momar Talla Seck, Assane Guèye Fall, Mamadou Ciss, Mame Thierno Bakhoum, Baba Sall, Adji Marème Gaye, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Mireille Djimangali Bassène, Renaud Lancelot, Marc J B Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer
African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) was one of the main disease-related constraints to the development of intensive livestock production systems in the Niayes region of Senegal, a 30 km wide strip of land along the coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. To overcome this constraint, the Government of Senegal initiated an area-wide integrated pest management programme combining chemical control tactics with the sterile insect technique to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera, Glossinidae) in this area. The project was implemented following a phased conditional approach, and the target area was divided into three blocks treated sequentially. This study aims to assess the temporal dynamics of the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. during the implementation of this programme. Between 2009 and 2022, 4,359 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened for trypanosomes using both the buffy coat and ELISA techniques, and PCR tests since 2020. The seroprevalence decreased from 18.9% (95%CI: 11.2-26.5) in 2009 to 0% in 2017-2022 in block 1, and from 92.9% (95%CI: 88.2-97) in 2010 to 0% in 2021 in block 2. The parasitological and serological data confirm the entomological monitoring results, i.e., that there is a high probability that the population of G. p. gambiensis has been eradicated from the Niayes and that the transmission of AAT has been interrupted in the treated area. These results indicate the effectiveness of the adopted approach and show that AAT can be sustainably removed through the creation of a zone free of G. p. gambiensis.
{"title":"Animal trypanosomosis eliminated in a major livestock production region in Senegal following the eradication of a tsetse population.","authors":"Momar Talla Seck, Assane Guèye Fall, Mamadou Ciss, Mame Thierno Bakhoum, Baba Sall, Adji Marème Gaye, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Mireille Djimangali Bassène, Renaud Lancelot, Marc J B Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024010","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) was one of the main disease-related constraints to the development of intensive livestock production systems in the Niayes region of Senegal, a 30 km wide strip of land along the coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. To overcome this constraint, the Government of Senegal initiated an area-wide integrated pest management programme combining chemical control tactics with the sterile insect technique to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera, Glossinidae) in this area. The project was implemented following a phased conditional approach, and the target area was divided into three blocks treated sequentially. This study aims to assess the temporal dynamics of the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. during the implementation of this programme. Between 2009 and 2022, 4,359 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened for trypanosomes using both the buffy coat and ELISA techniques, and PCR tests since 2020. The seroprevalence decreased from 18.9% (95%CI: 11.2-26.5) in 2009 to 0% in 2017-2022 in block 1, and from 92.9% (95%CI: 88.2-97) in 2010 to 0% in 2021 in block 2. The parasitological and serological data confirm the entomological monitoring results, i.e., that there is a high probability that the population of G. p. gambiensis has been eradicated from the Niayes and that the transmission of AAT has been interrupted in the treated area. These results indicate the effectiveness of the adopted approach and show that AAT can be sustainably removed through the creation of a zone free of G. p. gambiensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10918644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024015
Marjorie Bruley, Olivier Duron
Filarial nematodes of the Dipetalonema lineage include tick-borne filarioids that infect both domestic and wild vertebrate hosts, but they remain understudied in many cases. In this study, we conducted a molecular characterization of a Dipetalonema-like filarioid (DLF) recently identified in two tick species in French Guiana, South America. While the cox1 mitochondrial gene was the sole marker initially sequenced for describing DLF, its classification and phylogenetic relationship with other members of the Dipetalonema lineage were unclear. Therefore, we better characterized DLF through the sequencing of six additional gene markers and conducted phylogenetic analyses. Based on this multi-locus typing scheme, DLF exhibited significant divergence from known genera and species of filarioids, or other sequences available in public databases, suggesting its potential classification as a novel genus within the Dipetalonema lineage. Phylogenetic analyses further unveiled a close evolutionary relationship between DLF and all other filarioids associated with Acari (ticks and mites) within a robust monophyletic subclade in the Dipetalonema lineage. Overall, these findings confirm the existence of a specialized, Acari-borne group of filarioids and underscore the need for comprehensive investigations into their epidemiology and potential impact on animal health.
{"title":"Multi-locus sequence analysis unveils a novel genus of filarial nematodes associated with ticks in French Guiana.","authors":"Marjorie Bruley, Olivier Duron","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024015","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Filarial nematodes of the Dipetalonema lineage include tick-borne filarioids that infect both domestic and wild vertebrate hosts, but they remain understudied in many cases. In this study, we conducted a molecular characterization of a Dipetalonema-like filarioid (DLF) recently identified in two tick species in French Guiana, South America. While the cox1 mitochondrial gene was the sole marker initially sequenced for describing DLF, its classification and phylogenetic relationship with other members of the Dipetalonema lineage were unclear. Therefore, we better characterized DLF through the sequencing of six additional gene markers and conducted phylogenetic analyses. Based on this multi-locus typing scheme, DLF exhibited significant divergence from known genera and species of filarioids, or other sequences available in public databases, suggesting its potential classification as a novel genus within the Dipetalonema lineage. Phylogenetic analyses further unveiled a close evolutionary relationship between DLF and all other filarioids associated with Acari (ticks and mites) within a robust monophyletic subclade in the Dipetalonema lineage. Overall, these findings confirm the existence of a specialized, Acari-borne group of filarioids and underscore the need for comprehensive investigations into their epidemiology and potential impact on animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10941835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024032
Tsarasoa M Andrianinarivomanana, Fenomiaranjara T Randrianaivo, Mandaniaina R Andriamiarimanana, Mihary R Razafimamonjy, Haja J S Velonirina, Nicolas Puchot, Romain Girod, Catherine Bourgouin
Anopheles coustani has long been recognized as a secondary malaria vector in Africa. It has recently been involved in the transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Madagascar. As most secondary malaria vectors, An. coustani mainly bites outdoors, which renders the control of this mosquito species difficult using classical malaria control measures, such as the use of bed nets or indoor residual spraying of insecticides. For a better understanding of the biology and vector competence of a vector species, it is useful to rear the species in the laboratory. The absence of a colony hinders the assessment of the bionomics of a species and the development of adapted control strategies. Here, we report the first successful establishment of an An. coustani colony from mosquitoes collected in Madagascar. We used a forced copulation procedure as this mosquito species will not mate in cages. We describe our mosquito colonization procedure with detailed biological features concerning larval to adult development and survival, recorded over the first six critical generations. The procedure should be easily applicable to An. coustani from different African countries, facilitating local investigation of An. coustani vector competence and insecticide resistance using the colony as a reference.
{"title":"Colonization of Anopheles coustani, a neglected malaria vector in Madagascar.","authors":"Tsarasoa M Andrianinarivomanana, Fenomiaranjara T Randrianaivo, Mandaniaina R Andriamiarimanana, Mihary R Razafimamonjy, Haja J S Velonirina, Nicolas Puchot, Romain Girod, Catherine Bourgouin","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024032","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anopheles coustani has long been recognized as a secondary malaria vector in Africa. It has recently been involved in the transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Madagascar. As most secondary malaria vectors, An. coustani mainly bites outdoors, which renders the control of this mosquito species difficult using classical malaria control measures, such as the use of bed nets or indoor residual spraying of insecticides. For a better understanding of the biology and vector competence of a vector species, it is useful to rear the species in the laboratory. The absence of a colony hinders the assessment of the bionomics of a species and the development of adapted control strategies. Here, we report the first successful establishment of an An. coustani colony from mosquitoes collected in Madagascar. We used a forced copulation procedure as this mosquito species will not mate in cages. We describe our mosquito colonization procedure with detailed biological features concerning larval to adult development and survival, recorded over the first six critical generations. The procedure should be easily applicable to An. coustani from different African countries, facilitating local investigation of An. coustani vector competence and insecticide resistance using the colony as a reference.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024030
Dariya Baiko, Martina Lisnerová, Pavla Bartošová-Sojková, Astrid S Holzer, Petr Blabolil, Michael Schabuss, Ivan Fiala
Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905 (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) is a kidney-infecting myxosporean that was originally described from the European bitterling Rhodeus amarus. Subsequently, it has been documented based on spore morphology in more than 40 other cypriniform species, with the roach Rutilus rutilus being the most commonly reported host. This study introduces the first comprehensive data assessment of M. rhodei, conducted through morphological, ecological and molecular methods. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of Myxidium isolates obtained from European bitterling and roach did not support parasite conspecificity from these fish. In fact, the roach-infecting isolates represent three distinct parasite species. The first two, M. rutili n. sp. and M. rutilusi n. sp., are closely related cryptic species clustering with other myxosporeans in the freshwater urinary clade, sharing the same tissue tropism. The third one, M. batuevae n. sp., previously assigned to M. cf. rhodei, clustered in the hepatic biliary clade sister to bitterling-infecting M. rhodei. Our examination of diverse cypriniform fishes, coupled with molecular and morphological analyses, allowed us to untangle the cryptic species nature of M. rhodei and discover the existence of novel species. This underscores the largely undiscovered range of myxozoan diversity and highlights the need to incorporate sequence data in diagnosing novel species.
罗氏粘孢子虫(Myxidium rhodei Léger,1905)(腔肠动物门:粘孢子虫类)是一种肾脏感染性粘孢子虫,最初是在欧洲苦丁鱼(Rhodeus amarus)中发现的。随后,根据孢子形态,它被记录在 40 多种其他鲤形目物种中,其中蟑螂 Rutilus rutilus 是最常见的宿主。本研究首次通过形态学、生态学和分子学方法对荷包牡丹孢子进行了全面的数据评估。对从欧洲苦鳞鱼和蟑螂身上分离出的Myxidium的SSU rDNA序列进行的形态学和系统进化分析并不支持寄生于这些鱼类的同种性。事实上,蟑螂感染的分离株代表了三个不同的寄生虫物种。前两种,M. rutili n. sp.和 M. rutilusi n. sp.,是密切相关的隐性物种,与淡水泌尿支系中的其他粘孢子虫聚集在一起,具有相同的组织滋养性。第三种,M. batuevae n. sp.,以前被归入M. cf. rhodei,聚类在肝胆支系中,与苦味素感染的M. rhodei是姐妹支系。我们对各种鲤形目鱼类的研究,加上分子和形态学分析,使我们得以解开罗氏鲤的隐性物种性质,并发现了新物种的存在。这凸显了粘孢子虫多样性在很大程度上尚未被发现的范围,并强调了在诊断新物种时纳入序列数据的必要性。
{"title":"Solving the Myxidium rhodei (Myxozoa) puzzle: insights into its phylogeny and host specificity in Cypriniformes.","authors":"Dariya Baiko, Martina Lisnerová, Pavla Bartošová-Sojková, Astrid S Holzer, Petr Blabolil, Michael Schabuss, Ivan Fiala","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024030","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905 (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) is a kidney-infecting myxosporean that was originally described from the European bitterling Rhodeus amarus. Subsequently, it has been documented based on spore morphology in more than 40 other cypriniform species, with the roach Rutilus rutilus being the most commonly reported host. This study introduces the first comprehensive data assessment of M. rhodei, conducted through morphological, ecological and molecular methods. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of Myxidium isolates obtained from European bitterling and roach did not support parasite conspecificity from these fish. In fact, the roach-infecting isolates represent three distinct parasite species. The first two, M. rutili n. sp. and M. rutilusi n. sp., are closely related cryptic species clustering with other myxosporeans in the freshwater urinary clade, sharing the same tissue tropism. The third one, M. batuevae n. sp., previously assigned to M. cf. rhodei, clustered in the hepatic biliary clade sister to bitterling-infecting M. rhodei. Our examination of diverse cypriniform fishes, coupled with molecular and morphological analyses, allowed us to untangle the cryptic species nature of M. rhodei and discover the existence of novel species. This underscores the largely undiscovered range of myxozoan diversity and highlights the need to incorporate sequence data in diagnosing novel species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}