Log analysis is an unobtrusive technique used to better understand search behavior and evaluate search systems. However, in contrast with open web search, in a vertical search system such as a digital library or media archive the collection is known and central to its purpose. This drives different, more collection-oriented questions when studying the logs. For example, whether users need different support in different parts of the collection. In a digital library, the collection is categorized using professionally curated metadata. We conjecture that using this metadata can improve and extend the methods and techniques for log analysis. We investigate how to identify different types of search behavior using the metadata explicitly, how to explain and predict user interactions for the different types of behavior found, and finally how to communicate our research results to domain experts.
{"title":"On the Interplay Between Search Behavior and Collections in Digital Libraries and Archives","authors":"Tessel Bogaard","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176350","url":null,"abstract":"Log analysis is an unobtrusive technique used to better understand search behavior and evaluate search systems. However, in contrast with open web search, in a vertical search system such as a digital library or media archive the collection is known and central to its purpose. This drives different, more collection-oriented questions when studying the logs. For example, whether users need different support in different parts of the collection. In a digital library, the collection is categorized using professionally curated metadata. We conjecture that using this metadata can improve and extend the methods and techniques for log analysis. We investigate how to identify different types of search behavior using the metadata explicitly, how to explain and predict user interactions for the different types of behavior found, and finally how to communicate our research results to domain experts.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115113314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Dodson, Ido Roll, Matthew Fong, Dongwook Yoon, N. M. Harandi, S. Fels
Video is an increasingly popular medium for education. Motivated by the problem of video as a one-way medium, this paper investigates the ways in which learners» active interaction with video materials contributes to active learning. In this study, we examine active viewing behaviors, specifically seeking and highlighting within videos, which may suggest greater levels of participation and learning. We deployed a system designed for active viewing to an undergraduate class for a semester. The analysis of online activity traces and interview data provided novel findings on video highlighting behavior in educational contexts.
{"title":"Active Viewing: A Study of Video Highlighting in the Classroom","authors":"Samuel Dodson, Ido Roll, Matthew Fong, Dongwook Yoon, N. M. Harandi, S. Fels","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176889","url":null,"abstract":"Video is an increasingly popular medium for education. Motivated by the problem of video as a one-way medium, this paper investigates the ways in which learners» active interaction with video materials contributes to active learning. In this study, we examine active viewing behaviors, specifically seeking and highlighting within videos, which may suggest greater levels of participation and learning. We deployed a system designed for active viewing to an undergraduate class for a semester. The analysis of online activity traces and interview data provided novel findings on video highlighting behavior in educational contexts.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128224263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The availability of information in many languages on the Web allows multilingual searchers to search in multiple languages at the same time. Few studies have examined how multilingual web users seek information in two or more languages online, specifically how they switch languages in order to get satisfying search results. This research investigates native Chinese web users» code-switching (Chinese-English) search behaviors in their information seeking process through diary studies interviews. Results indicate that they usually switch languages when they need translation, search for domain knowledge, news and entertainment information, and academic resources, go online shopping, seek personal health information, and need social networking. Findings highlight when the participants need prompt information, they search in Chinese in order to get an immediate understanding. They seek information in English for better resources, which can offer them appropriate information and help them search effectively. We also find that these multilingual users use situational code-switching when the search tasks require them to switch languages in order to get effective and sufficient search results. The role of each language is different in the situational code-switching. When web users switch languages due to emotional or attitude changes associated with complex social or cultural context, they use metaphorical code-switching in order to get satisfying search results. The study aims to provide implications for website design concerning multilingual web users' code-switching search strategies, habits, and needs.
{"title":"Switching Languages in Online Searching: A Qualitative Study of Web Users' Code-Switching Search Behaviors","authors":"Jieyu Wang, A. Komlódi","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176396","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of information in many languages on the Web allows multilingual searchers to search in multiple languages at the same time. Few studies have examined how multilingual web users seek information in two or more languages online, specifically how they switch languages in order to get satisfying search results. This research investigates native Chinese web users» code-switching (Chinese-English) search behaviors in their information seeking process through diary studies interviews. Results indicate that they usually switch languages when they need translation, search for domain knowledge, news and entertainment information, and academic resources, go online shopping, seek personal health information, and need social networking. Findings highlight when the participants need prompt information, they search in Chinese in order to get an immediate understanding. They seek information in English for better resources, which can offer them appropriate information and help them search effectively. We also find that these multilingual users use situational code-switching when the search tasks require them to switch languages in order to get effective and sufficient search results. The role of each language is different in the situational code-switching. When web users switch languages due to emotional or attitude changes associated with complex social or cultural context, they use metaphorical code-switching in order to get satisfying search results. The study aims to provide implications for website design concerning multilingual web users' code-switching search strategies, habits, and needs.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between searching and learning, by conceptualizing information seeking as a learning process, and learning as an outcome of the information seeking process. We present the participants with four search tasks, each of them designed to represent different cognitive levels of learning. Through quantitative analysis of the participants» Web search logs, we examine how individual search behavior is influenced by different task complexity levels as we present the tasks in a hierarchical order. We also explore how the perceived learning outcomes and processes, and the different learning actions, are related to the levels of cognitive complexity. By analyzing the search logs, self-reports, interview data, and the reports, both quantitatively and qualitatively, we infer that searching and learning are not isolated but co-existing processes. Distinct search patterns and learning outcomes were observed in tasks of different cognitive complexities, and overlapping learning actions were observed for the different tasks.
{"title":"Searching as Learning: Exploring Search Behavior and Learning Outcomes in Learning-related Tasks","authors":"Souvick Ghosh, Manasa Rath, C. Shah","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176386","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the relationship between searching and learning, by conceptualizing information seeking as a learning process, and learning as an outcome of the information seeking process. We present the participants with four search tasks, each of them designed to represent different cognitive levels of learning. Through quantitative analysis of the participants» Web search logs, we examine how individual search behavior is influenced by different task complexity levels as we present the tasks in a hierarchical order. We also explore how the perceived learning outcomes and processes, and the different learning actions, are related to the levels of cognitive complexity. By analyzing the search logs, self-reports, interview data, and the reports, both quantitatively and qualitatively, we infer that searching and learning are not isolated but co-existing processes. Distinct search patterns and learning outcomes were observed in tasks of different cognitive complexities, and overlapping learning actions were observed for the different tasks.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful statistical approach where measured variables and those which are latent can be combined in a single model. In this half-day tutorial participants learned about the statistical technique, its theoretical underpinnings and gained sufficient insight to apply this technique in a practical sense to their own research problems.
{"title":"Estimating Models Combining Latent and Measured Variables: A Tutorial on Basics, Applications and Current Developments in Structural Equation Models and their Estimation using PLS Path Modeling","authors":"Markus Kattenbeck, David Elsweiler","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176899","url":null,"abstract":"Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful statistical approach where measured variables and those which are latent can be combined in a single model. In this half-day tutorial participants learned about the statistical technique, its theoretical underpinnings and gained sufficient insight to apply this technique in a practical sense to their own research problems.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaxin Mao, Yiqun Liu, N. Kando, Zexue He, Min Zhang, Shaoping Ma
With the rapid growth of mobile search, it is important to understand how users browse the mobile SERPs and allocate their limited attention to each result. To address this problem, we introduce a two-stage examination model that can separately capture the position bias with a skimming model and the attractiveness bias with an attractiveness model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by using a dataset that contains explicit examination feedbacks from users. We further investigate user»s examination behaviors by analyzing the model parameters learned via EM algorithm. The results reveal some interesting findings such as how the skimming behavior is dependent on the previous examination sequence and what factors are associated with the attractiveness of search results on mobile SERPs.
{"title":"A Two-Stage Model for User's Examination Behavior in Mobile Search","authors":"Jiaxin Mao, Yiqun Liu, N. Kando, Zexue He, Min Zhang, Shaoping Ma","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176891","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid growth of mobile search, it is important to understand how users browse the mobile SERPs and allocate their limited attention to each result. To address this problem, we introduce a two-stage examination model that can separately capture the position bias with a skimming model and the attractiveness bias with an attractiveness model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by using a dataset that contains explicit examination feedbacks from users. We further investigate user»s examination behaviors by analyzing the model parameters learned via EM algorithm. The results reveal some interesting findings such as how the skimming behavior is dependent on the previous examination sequence and what factors are associated with the attractiveness of search results on mobile SERPs.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By highlighting the values of creativity to a society and individuals, we argue the importance of investigating people's daily creativity and the necessity of designing user interfaces to support the creative process. In this paper, moreover, we propose a dissertation study to examine people's creative process in the context of information search. The implications of this research will inform the future design of a novel search interface for supporting people's creativity.
{"title":"Creative Search: Using Search to Leverage Your Everyday Creativity","authors":"Yinglong Zhang","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176354","url":null,"abstract":"By highlighting the values of creativity to a society and individuals, we argue the importance of investigating people's daily creativity and the necessity of designing user interfaces to support the creative process. In this paper, moreover, we propose a dissertation study to examine people's creative process in the context of information search. The implications of this research will inform the future design of a novel search interface for supporting people's creativity.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122938756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A patient»s health literacy has a direct impact on their health, but more than a third of the USA population has "basic" or "below basic" levels of health literacy. An individual»s wellbeing is also affected by the communication with their physician, as the use of technical terminology may hinder the patient»s understanding. A patient»s ability to, later on, recall or retrieve helpful information could reduce these comprehension problems and this can be improved by a good management of personal health information. To help overcome some of these problems, we created HealthTalks, a mobile app that empowers the patients, easing their daily health tasks and self-care ability. It does so by recording the audio of a medical appointment, transcribing its dialogue, giving more information about medical concepts employed, and allowing information associated with medical appointments to be easily managed by the patient. Usability tests were conducted with elderly people, ranging from the icons used to the general user experience. Results were very positive, with users accomplishing most tasks successfully and often with the least amount of clicks. We also evaluated the speech recognition software used, Google Cloud Speech API, reaching an error rate of 12 percent in medical texts.
{"title":"HealthTalks - A Mobile App to Improve Health Communication and Personal Information Management","authors":"João M. Monteiro, C. Lopes","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176894","url":null,"abstract":"A patient»s health literacy has a direct impact on their health, but more than a third of the USA population has \"basic\" or \"below basic\" levels of health literacy. An individual»s wellbeing is also affected by the communication with their physician, as the use of technical terminology may hinder the patient»s understanding. A patient»s ability to, later on, recall or retrieve helpful information could reduce these comprehension problems and this can be improved by a good management of personal health information. To help overcome some of these problems, we created HealthTalks, a mobile app that empowers the patients, easing their daily health tasks and self-care ability. It does so by recording the audio of a medical appointment, transcribing its dialogue, giving more information about medical concepts employed, and allowing information associated with medical appointments to be easily managed by the patient. Usability tests were conducted with elderly people, ranging from the icons used to the general user experience. Results were very positive, with users accomplishing most tasks successfully and often with the least amount of clicks. We also evaluated the speech recognition software used, Google Cloud Speech API, reaching an error rate of 12 percent in medical texts.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127808176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Returning to previously viewed or possessed information - re-finding - is a core information seeking behaviour that has been studied in diverse contexts including physical environments, personal computer filing systems, web search and email. Despite being designed for real-time and ephemeral content, recent studies have shown that re-finding of older content is performed in Social Media applications too. To better understand why this is and how re-finding can be better supported, in this work we describe the results of a large-scale web-based survey which queried 606 Twitter users on how and how often they re-find, as well as the motivations for this behaviour. Our main contribution is the qualitative analysis of these motivations and motivations sourced via two existing studies, resulting in a coding scheme documenting the breadth and frequency of different Social Media re-finding tasks. We discuss how this classification can be used in (i) the design of task-based evaluations, (ii) the detection and interpretation of re-finding in click-stream data and (iii) the design of Social Media search systems.
{"title":"Other Times Itźs Just Strolling Back Through My Timeline: Investigating Re-finding Behaviour on Twitter and Its Motivations","authors":"F. Meier, David Elsweiler","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176392","url":null,"abstract":"Returning to previously viewed or possessed information - re-finding - is a core information seeking behaviour that has been studied in diverse contexts including physical environments, personal computer filing systems, web search and email. Despite being designed for real-time and ephemeral content, recent studies have shown that re-finding of older content is performed in Social Media applications too. To better understand why this is and how re-finding can be better supported, in this work we describe the results of a large-scale web-based survey which queried 606 Twitter users on how and how often they re-find, as well as the motivations for this behaviour. Our main contribution is the qualitative analysis of these motivations and motivations sourced via two existing studies, resulting in a coding scheme documenting the breadth and frequency of different Social Media re-finding tasks. We discuss how this classification can be used in (i) the design of task-based evaluations, (ii) the detection and interpretation of re-finding in click-stream data and (iii) the design of Social Media search systems.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133306125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People often have difficulty in expressing their information needs. Many times this results from a lack of clarity about the task at hand, or the way an information or search system works. In addition, people may not know what they do not know. The former is addressed by search systems by providing recommendations, whereas there are no good solutions for the latter problem. Even when a search system makes recommendations, they are limited to suggesting objects such as queries and documents only. They do not consider providing suggestions for strategies, people, or processes. This Perspective Paper addresses it by showing how to investigate the nature of the work a person is doing, predicting the potential problems they may encounter, and providing help to overcome those problems. This help could be an object such as a document or a query, a strategy, or a person. This whole process is referred to as Information Fostering. Beyond crafting a general-purpose recommender system, Information Fostering is the idea of providing proactive suggestions and help to information seekers. This could allow them avoid potential problems and capture promising opportunities from a search process before it is too late. The current paper presents this new perspective by outlining desired characteristics of an Information Fostering system, envisioning application scenarios, and proposing a set of potential methods for moving forward. Beyond these details, the primary purpose of this paper is to offer a new viewpoint that looks at the other side of the information seeking coin, by bringing together ideas from human-computer interaction, information retrieval, recommender systems, and education.
{"title":"Information Fostering - Being Proactive with Information Seeking and Retrieval: Perspective Paper","authors":"C. Shah","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176389","url":null,"abstract":"People often have difficulty in expressing their information needs. Many times this results from a lack of clarity about the task at hand, or the way an information or search system works. In addition, people may not know what they do not know. The former is addressed by search systems by providing recommendations, whereas there are no good solutions for the latter problem. Even when a search system makes recommendations, they are limited to suggesting objects such as queries and documents only. They do not consider providing suggestions for strategies, people, or processes. This Perspective Paper addresses it by showing how to investigate the nature of the work a person is doing, predicting the potential problems they may encounter, and providing help to overcome those problems. This help could be an object such as a document or a query, a strategy, or a person. This whole process is referred to as Information Fostering. Beyond crafting a general-purpose recommender system, Information Fostering is the idea of providing proactive suggestions and help to information seekers. This could allow them avoid potential problems and capture promising opportunities from a search process before it is too late. The current paper presents this new perspective by outlining desired characteristics of an Information Fostering system, envisioning application scenarios, and proposing a set of potential methods for moving forward. Beyond these details, the primary purpose of this paper is to offer a new viewpoint that looks at the other side of the information seeking coin, by bringing together ideas from human-computer interaction, information retrieval, recommender systems, and education.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133673272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：