Johanne R. Trippas, Damiano Spina, L. Cavedon, Hideo Joho, M. Sanderson
We conducted a laboratory-based observational study where pairs of people performed search tasks communicating verbally. Examination of the discourse allowed commonly used interactions to be identified for Spoken Conversational Search (SCS). We compared the interactions to existing models of search behaviour. We find that SCS is more complex and interactive than traditional search. This work enhances our understanding of different search behaviours and proposes research opportunities for an audio-only search system. Future work will focus on creating models of search behaviour for SCS and evaluating these against actual SCS systems.
{"title":"Informing the Design of Spoken Conversational Search: Perspective Paper","authors":"Johanne R. Trippas, Damiano Spina, L. Cavedon, Hideo Joho, M. Sanderson","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176387","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a laboratory-based observational study where pairs of people performed search tasks communicating verbally. Examination of the discourse allowed commonly used interactions to be identified for Spoken Conversational Search (SCS). We compared the interactions to existing models of search behaviour. We find that SCS is more complex and interactive than traditional search. This work enhances our understanding of different search behaviours and proposes research opportunities for an audio-only search system. Future work will focus on creating models of search behaviour for SCS and evaluating these against actual SCS systems.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124845513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This half-day tutorial aims to introduce the fundamental concepts, principles and methods of visualizing and exploring the development of a scientific knowledge domain. The tutorial explains the design rationale and various applications of CiteSpace ' a freely available tool for interactive and exploratory analysis of the evolution of a scientific domain, ranging from a single specialty to multiple interrelated scientific frontiers. The tutorial demonstrates the analytic procedure of applying CiteSpace to a diverse range of examples and how one may interpret various patterns and trends revealed by interactive visual analytics.magnetic field, applied along the easy axis of the elements.
{"title":"Visualizing and Exploring Scientific Literature with CiteSpace: An Introduction","authors":"Chaomei Chen","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176897","url":null,"abstract":"This half-day tutorial aims to introduce the fundamental concepts, principles and methods of visualizing and exploring the development of a scientific knowledge domain. The tutorial explains the design rationale and various applications of CiteSpace ' a freely available tool for interactive and exploratory analysis of the evolution of a scientific domain, ranging from a single specialty to multiple interrelated scientific frontiers. The tutorial demonstrates the analytic procedure of applying CiteSpace to a diverse range of examples and how one may interpret various patterns and trends revealed by interactive visual analytics.magnetic field, applied along the easy axis of the elements.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"256 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113966934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sigitov, O. Staadt, André Hinkenjann, E. Kruijff
Large, high-resolution displays demonstrated their effectiveness in lab settings for cognitively demanding tasks in single user and collaborative scenarios. The effectiveness is mostly reached through inherent displays» properties - large display real estate and high resolution - that allow for visualization of complex datasets, and support of group work and embodied interaction. To raise users» efficiency, however, more sophisticated user support in the form of advanced user interfaces might be needed. For that we need profound understanding of how large, tiled displays impact users work and behavior. We need to extract behavioral patterns for different tasks and data types. This paper reports on study results of how users, while working collaboratively, process spatially fixed items on large, tiled displays. The results revealed a recurrent pattern showing that users prefer to process documents column wise rather than row wise or erratic.
{"title":"Column Major Pattern: How Users Process Spatially Fixed Items on Large, Tiled Displays","authors":"A. Sigitov, O. Staadt, André Hinkenjann, E. Kruijff","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176870","url":null,"abstract":"Large, high-resolution displays demonstrated their effectiveness in lab settings for cognitively demanding tasks in single user and collaborative scenarios. The effectiveness is mostly reached through inherent displays» properties - large display real estate and high resolution - that allow for visualization of complex datasets, and support of group work and embodied interaction. To raise users» efficiency, however, more sophisticated user support in the form of advanced user interfaces might be needed. For that we need profound understanding of how large, tiled displays impact users work and behavior. We need to extract behavioral patterns for different tasks and data types. This paper reports on study results of how users, while working collaboratively, process spatially fixed items on large, tiled displays. The results revealed a recurrent pattern showing that users prefer to process documents column wise rather than row wise or erratic.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126161752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beyond accuracy user experience of using recommender system is drawing more and more attention. For example, the system interface has been shown to associate positively with overall levels of user satisfaction. However, little is known about how the interfaces can constitute the user experience and the social interactions. In this paper, I plan to propose a visual diversity-enhanced interface that supports the user to inspect and control the multi-relevance recommendations. The goal is to let the users explore the different relevance prospects of recommended items in parallel and to stress their diversity. Two preliminary user studies with real-life tasks were conducted to compare the visual interface to a standard ranked list interface. The users» subjective evaluations show significant improvement in many metrics. I further show that the users explored a diverse set of recommended items while experiencing an increase in overall user satisfaction. A user-centered evaluation was used to reveal the mediating effects between the subjective and objective conceptual components. The future plans are discussed to extend the current findings.
{"title":"Diversity-Enhanced Recommendation Interface and Evaluation","authors":"Chun-Hua Tsai","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176357","url":null,"abstract":"The beyond accuracy user experience of using recommender system is drawing more and more attention. For example, the system interface has been shown to associate positively with overall levels of user satisfaction. However, little is known about how the interfaces can constitute the user experience and the social interactions. In this paper, I plan to propose a visual diversity-enhanced interface that supports the user to inspect and control the multi-relevance recommendations. The goal is to let the users explore the different relevance prospects of recommended items in parallel and to stress their diversity. Two preliminary user studies with real-life tasks were conducted to compare the visual interface to a standard ranked list interface. The users» subjective evaluations show significant improvement in many metrics. I further show that the users explored a diverse set of recommended items while experiencing an increase in overall user satisfaction. A user-centered evaluation was used to reveal the mediating effects between the subjective and objective conceptual components. The future plans are discussed to extend the current findings.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129598683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this demo we present IRIS, an open-source framework that provides a set of simple and modular document operators that can be combined in various ways to create more interesting and advanced functionality otherwise unavailable during most information search sessions. Those functionalities include summarization, ranking, filtering and query. The goal is to support users looking for, collecting, and synthesizing information. The system is also easily extendable, allowing for customized functionality for users during information sessions and researchers studying higher levels of abstraction for information retrieval. The demo shows the front end interactions using a browser plug-in that offers new interactions with documents during search sessions, as well as the back-end components driving the system.
{"title":"Information Retrieval and Interaction System (IRIS): A Toolkit for Investigating Information Retrieval and Interaction Activities","authors":"Jonathan Pulliza, C. Shah","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176895","url":null,"abstract":"In this demo we present IRIS, an open-source framework that provides a set of simple and modular document operators that can be combined in various ways to create more interesting and advanced functionality otherwise unavailable during most information search sessions. Those functionalities include summarization, ranking, filtering and query. The goal is to support users looking for, collecting, and synthesizing information. The system is also easily extendable, allowing for customized functionality for users during information sessions and researchers studying higher levels of abstraction for information retrieval. The demo shows the front end interactions using a browser plug-in that offers new interactions with documents during search sessions, as well as the back-end components driving the system.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of information sciences is to connect people with the information they need to accomplish the tasks that contribute to the greater societal good. While evidence of the wonderful contributions arising from serendipitous events abound, the framework describing the information behaviors exhibited during a serendipitous experience is just emerging and additional detail regarding the factors influencing those behaviors is needed in order to support these experiences effectively. Furthermore, it is important to understand the whole process of serendipity to fully appreciate the impact of research policies, disciplinary traditions and academic reporting practices on this unique type of information behavior. This study addresses those need by examining the phenomenon of serendipity as it is reported by biomedical and radiography researchers. A mixed method content analysis of existing research reports will be incorporated with semi-structured interviews of serendipity reporters to gain a robust understanding of the phenomenon of serendipity, and provide detail that may inform the design of information environments.
{"title":"Serendipity in the Research Literature: A Phenomenology of Serendipity Reporting","authors":"Carla M. Allen","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176358","url":null,"abstract":"The role of information sciences is to connect people with the information they need to accomplish the tasks that contribute to the greater societal good. While evidence of the wonderful contributions arising from serendipitous events abound, the framework describing the information behaviors exhibited during a serendipitous experience is just emerging and additional detail regarding the factors influencing those behaviors is needed in order to support these experiences effectively. Furthermore, it is important to understand the whole process of serendipity to fully appreciate the impact of research policies, disciplinary traditions and academic reporting practices on this unique type of information behavior. This study addresses those need by examining the phenomenon of serendipity as it is reported by biomedical and radiography researchers. A mixed method content analysis of existing research reports will be incorporated with semi-structured interviews of serendipity reporters to gain a robust understanding of the phenomenon of serendipity, and provide detail that may inform the design of information environments.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126040255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated systems and their features that help people use retrieved information to accomplish their information tasks. Participants were 32 college students who first recalled a recently accomplished task, and then worked on a task that they would need to finish. They answered questionnaire questions about what systems and features are helpful for task accomplishment. Our results discovered multiple helpful systems and features, which have implications on designing search systems for better helping accomplish tasks.
{"title":"Supporting Information Task Accomplishment: Helpful Systems and Their Features","authors":"Jingjing Liu, Yuan Li","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176875","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated systems and their features that help people use retrieved information to accomplish their information tasks. Participants were 32 college students who first recalled a recently accomplished task, and then worked on a task that they would need to finish. They answered questionnaire questions about what systems and features are helpful for task accomplishment. Our results discovered multiple helpful systems and features, which have implications on designing search systems for better helping accomplish tasks.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121716102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Thomas, M. Czerwinski, Daniel J. McDuff, Nick Craswell, G. Mark
Analysis of casual chit-chat indicates that differences in conversational style---the way things are said---can significantly impact a participants» impressions of the conversation and of each other. However, prior work has not systematically analyzed how important style is in task-oriented, information-seeking exchanges of the sort we might have with a conversational search agent. We examine recordings from the MISC data set, where pairs of "users" and "intermediaries" collaborate on information-seeking tasks, and look for indications of style which can be computed at scale. We find that stylistic markers identified by Tannen in casual chat do exist in information-seeking dialogue, and that participants can be arranged along a single stylistic dimension: "considerate" to "involved". This labelling for style needs no manual intervention. Furthermore, we find that there is no clear best style; but that differences in style, previously thought to impede communication, are only a problem for shorter tasks. This result is likely due to alignment of conversational style over the course of an interaction.
{"title":"Style and Alignment in Information-Seeking Conversation","authors":"Paul Thomas, M. Czerwinski, Daniel J. McDuff, Nick Craswell, G. Mark","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176388","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of casual chit-chat indicates that differences in conversational style---the way things are said---can significantly impact a participants» impressions of the conversation and of each other. However, prior work has not systematically analyzed how important style is in task-oriented, information-seeking exchanges of the sort we might have with a conversational search agent. We examine recordings from the MISC data set, where pairs of \"users\" and \"intermediaries\" collaborate on information-seeking tasks, and look for indications of style which can be computed at scale. We find that stylistic markers identified by Tannen in casual chat do exist in information-seeking dialogue, and that participants can be arranged along a single stylistic dimension: \"considerate\" to \"involved\". This labelling for style needs no manual intervention. Furthermore, we find that there is no clear best style; but that differences in style, previously thought to impede communication, are only a problem for shorter tasks. This result is likely due to alignment of conversational style over the course of an interaction.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116631134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the WEPIR 2018 workshop is to bring together researchers from different backgrounds, interested in advancing the evaluation of personalisation in information retrieval. The workshop focus is on the development of a common understanding of the challenges, requirements and practical limitations of meaningful evaluation of personalisation in information retrieval. The planned outcome of the workshop is the proposal of methodologies to support evaluation of personalised information retrieval from both the perspectives of the user experience in interactive search settings, and of user models for personalised information retrieval and their algorithmic incorporation in the search process.
{"title":"WEPIR 2018: Workshop on Evaluation of Personalisation in Information Retrieval","authors":"G. Jones, N. Belkin, S. Lawless, G. Pasi","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176903","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the WEPIR 2018 workshop is to bring together researchers from different backgrounds, interested in advancing the evaluation of personalisation in information retrieval. The workshop focus is on the development of a common understanding of the challenges, requirements and practical limitations of meaningful evaluation of personalisation in information retrieval. The planned outcome of the workshop is the proposal of methodologies to support evaluation of personalised information retrieval from both the perspectives of the user experience in interactive search settings, and of user models for personalised information retrieval and their algorithmic incorporation in the search process.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133031452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines how individuals judge the accuracy, adequacy, relevance, and trustworthiness of different types of impersonal and interpersonal information sources and how task type influences their evaluation process. 53 participants from diverse backgrounds recruited via Amazon»s Mechanical Turk performed four simulated information seeking tasks. This study analyzed the data collected from participants» self-reported information seeking experiences in online logbooks and follow-up semi-structured interviews with 23 participants by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings suggest that task type and information source type affect individuals» information quality judgment, and they perceive websites are more accurate than interpersonal sources, though the latter can be trustworthy. Moreover, their understanding of the type of information also affects their quality judgment. For example, they prefer factual information to opinions in some situations.
{"title":"Juggling with Information Sources, Task Type, and Information Quality","authors":"Yiwei Wang, Shawon Sarkar, C. Shah","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176390","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how individuals judge the accuracy, adequacy, relevance, and trustworthiness of different types of impersonal and interpersonal information sources and how task type influences their evaluation process. 53 participants from diverse backgrounds recruited via Amazon»s Mechanical Turk performed four simulated information seeking tasks. This study analyzed the data collected from participants» self-reported information seeking experiences in online logbooks and follow-up semi-structured interviews with 23 participants by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings suggest that task type and information source type affect individuals» information quality judgment, and they perceive websites are more accurate than interpersonal sources, though the latter can be trustworthy. Moreover, their understanding of the type of information also affects their quality judgment. For example, they prefer factual information to opinions in some situations.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125920220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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