I aim to investigate how information overload (IO) affects participants' judgment of online health information quality. The moderator effects of working memory capacity and elicited emotion on the relationship between IO and online health information quality judgment will also be studied. I will also investigate how individuals with different working memory (WM) capacities perceive IO. Hence, I propose to conduct a lab-based, two-factor (task topics and levels of IO) within-subject experiment to investigate the research questions. Eye-tracking data, retrospective think-aloud (RTA), search outcomes, and perceived information overload will be collected and analyzed. The results of the experiment will help to better understand how health consumers make quality judgment under different levels of IO, working memory capacities, and elicited emotions.
{"title":"The Moderator Effect of Working Memory and Emotion on the Relationship between Information Overload and Online Health Information Quality Judgment","authors":"Yung-Sheng Chang","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176355","url":null,"abstract":"I aim to investigate how information overload (IO) affects participants' judgment of online health information quality. The moderator effects of working memory capacity and elicited emotion on the relationship between IO and online health information quality judgment will also be studied. I will also investigate how individuals with different working memory (WM) capacities perceive IO. Hence, I propose to conduct a lab-based, two-factor (task topics and levels of IO) within-subject experiment to investigate the research questions. Eye-tracking data, retrospective think-aloud (RTA), search outcomes, and perceived information overload will be collected and analyzed. The results of the experiment will help to better understand how health consumers make quality judgment under different levels of IO, working memory capacities, and elicited emotions.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"406 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116078285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to introduce a conceptual approach to understand social effects on task-based information seeking behavior. This analytical work provides a new theoretical lens that will be potentially useful to identify the relationships between social communities and information behavior. Specifically, I suggest an integrated sociological view on human information behavior primarily influenced by cognitive sociology and practice theory, which emphasizes the roles of socially constructed cognition of individuals.
{"title":"Social Aspects of Task-Based Information Seeking Behavior: The Conceptual Integration of Cognitive Sociology and Practice Theory","authors":"Eun Youp Rha","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176882","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to introduce a conceptual approach to understand social effects on task-based information seeking behavior. This analytical work provides a new theoretical lens that will be potentially useful to identify the relationships between social communities and information behavior. Specifically, I suggest an integrated sociological view on human information behavior primarily influenced by cognitive sociology and practice theory, which emphasizes the roles of socially constructed cognition of individuals.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129868435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joni O. Salminen, B. Jansen, Jisun An, Soon-Gyo Jung, Lene Nielsen, Haewoon Kwak
To more effectively convey relevant information to end users of persona profiles, we conducted a user study consisting of 29 participants engaging with three persona layout treatments. We were interested in confusion engendered by the treatments on the participants, and conducted a within-subjects study in the actual work environment, using eye-tracking and talk-aloud data collection. We coded the verbal data into classes of informativeness and confusion and correlated it with fixations and durations on the Areas of Interests recorded by the eye-tracking device. We used various analysis techniques, including Mann-Whitney, regression, and Levenshtein distance, to investigate how confused users differed from non-confused users, what information of the personas caused confusion, and what were the predictors of confusion of end users of personas. We consolidate our various findings into a confusion ratio measure, which highlights in a succinct manner the most confusing elements of the personas. Findings show that inconsistencies among the informational elements of the persona generate the most confusion, especially with the elements of images and social media quotes. The research has implications for the design of personas and related information products, such as user profiling and customer segmentation.
{"title":"Fixation and Confusion: Investigating Eye-tracking Participants' Exposure to Information in Personas","authors":"Joni O. Salminen, B. Jansen, Jisun An, Soon-Gyo Jung, Lene Nielsen, Haewoon Kwak","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176391","url":null,"abstract":"To more effectively convey relevant information to end users of persona profiles, we conducted a user study consisting of 29 participants engaging with three persona layout treatments. We were interested in confusion engendered by the treatments on the participants, and conducted a within-subjects study in the actual work environment, using eye-tracking and talk-aloud data collection. We coded the verbal data into classes of informativeness and confusion and correlated it with fixations and durations on the Areas of Interests recorded by the eye-tracking device. We used various analysis techniques, including Mann-Whitney, regression, and Levenshtein distance, to investigate how confused users differed from non-confused users, what information of the personas caused confusion, and what were the predictors of confusion of end users of personas. We consolidate our various findings into a confusion ratio measure, which highlights in a succinct manner the most confusing elements of the personas. Findings show that inconsistencies among the informational elements of the persona generate the most confusion, especially with the elements of images and social media quotes. The research has implications for the design of personas and related information products, such as user profiling and customer segmentation.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128512428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online tools enable authors and readers to share information, questions and feedback about a written work without the mediation of a publisher or agent. Little is known about how the two groups interact online around works of fiction, using either specialist social reading platforms e.g. GoodReads or Wattpad, or popular social media tools like Twitter. A better understanding of the interplay between them and the role technology plays as mediator can help inform the development of next-generation tools to suit their needs. We describe findings from interviews conducted with genre fiction authors and readers about how and why they interact and share information online. Interviews revealed that the social dynamics between the groups are complex, and that intercommunication can be both limited and somewhat unwanted. This shifted our focus from identifying how they interact to understanding why they do not. We found that communication patterns established by the traditional publishing industry create barriers between the groups, made visible, and exacerbated, by their retrofit to online social platforms where readers and authors are treated as equal. We discuss our key findings and highlight opportunities to better support the incongruent information needs of the groups.
{"title":"Distant Voices in the Dark: Understanding the Incongruent Information Needs of Fiction Authors and Readers","authors":"Carol Butler","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176359","url":null,"abstract":"Online tools enable authors and readers to share information, questions and feedback about a written work without the mediation of a publisher or agent. Little is known about how the two groups interact online around works of fiction, using either specialist social reading platforms e.g. GoodReads or Wattpad, or popular social media tools like Twitter. A better understanding of the interplay between them and the role technology plays as mediator can help inform the development of next-generation tools to suit their needs. We describe findings from interviews conducted with genre fiction authors and readers about how and why they interact and share information online. Interviews revealed that the social dynamics between the groups are complex, and that intercommunication can be both limited and somewhat unwanted. This shifted our focus from identifying how they interact to understanding why they do not. We found that communication patterns established by the traditional publishing industry create barriers between the groups, made visible, and exacerbated, by their retrofit to online social platforms where readers and authors are treated as equal. We discuss our key findings and highlight opportunities to better support the incongruent information needs of the groups.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"4 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113954509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our understanding of search processes triggered by complex tasks are limited [1]. It is not well known how does the information search process evolve during task performance and how search behavior varies by task process. How do changes in in information needs reflect in search formulation and tactics, in selecting contributing sources and interacting with sources for task outcome? A better understanding of these issues helps in identifying success criteria for various parts of search process. The results contribute also to designing support tools for complex search tasks. In the talk I analyze information search processes in complex tasks. By task I mean larger tasks, which lead people to engage in search tasks for finding information to advance those tasks [2]. Search process consists of activities from query formulation to working with sources selected for task outcome [3]. I approach task performance from cognitive point of view conceptualizing it as changes in cognitive structures [4,5]. These structures consist of concepts and their relations representing some phenomenon. I analyze how changes in knowledge structures are associated to query formulation and search tactics, selecting contributing sources and working with sources for creating a task outcome. As a result I suggest hypotheses concerning associations between changes in knowledge structures and search behaviors. I present also some ideas for success indicators at various stages of search process.
{"title":"Information Search Processes in Complex Tasks","authors":"P. Vakkari","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176570","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of search processes triggered by complex tasks are limited [1]. It is not well known how does the information search process evolve during task performance and how search behavior varies by task process. How do changes in in information needs reflect in search formulation and tactics, in selecting contributing sources and interacting with sources for task outcome? A better understanding of these issues helps in identifying success criteria for various parts of search process. The results contribute also to designing support tools for complex search tasks. In the talk I analyze information search processes in complex tasks. By task I mean larger tasks, which lead people to engage in search tasks for finding information to advance those tasks [2]. Search process consists of activities from query formulation to working with sources selected for task outcome [3]. I approach task performance from cognitive point of view conceptualizing it as changes in cognitive structures [4,5]. These structures consist of concepts and their relations representing some phenomenon. I analyze how changes in knowledge structures are associated to query formulation and search tactics, selecting contributing sources and working with sources for creating a task outcome. As a result I suggest hypotheses concerning associations between changes in knowledge structures and search behaviors. I present also some ideas for success indicators at various stages of search process.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124084471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the number of polyglot Web users across the globe has increased dramatically, little human-centered research has been conducted to better understand and support multilingual user abilities and preferences. In particular, in the fields of cross-language and multilingual search, the majority of research has focused primarily on improving retrieval and translation accuracy, while paying comparably less attention to multilingual user interaction aspects. By contrast, this paper specifically focuses on multilingual search user interface preferences and behaviors, through a lab-based user study involving 25 participants interacting with a set of four different interactive multilingual search user interfaces. User preference results confirm that multilingual search users generally have strong preferences towards interfaces that provide clear language separation, and that the traditional approach of interleaving results, as typically used in prior research, is least preferred. In addition, an analysis of user interaction behaviors shows that multilingual users make significant use of each of their languages, and that there are several interaction behavior differences depending on interface and task type.
{"title":"A Comparative User Study of Interactive Multilingual Search Interfaces","authors":"Chenjun Ling, B. Steichen, Alexander G. Choulos","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176383","url":null,"abstract":"While the number of polyglot Web users across the globe has increased dramatically, little human-centered research has been conducted to better understand and support multilingual user abilities and preferences. In particular, in the fields of cross-language and multilingual search, the majority of research has focused primarily on improving retrieval and translation accuracy, while paying comparably less attention to multilingual user interaction aspects. By contrast, this paper specifically focuses on multilingual search user interface preferences and behaviors, through a lab-based user study involving 25 participants interacting with a set of four different interactive multilingual search user interfaces. User preference results confirm that multilingual search users generally have strong preferences towards interfaces that provide clear language separation, and that the traditional approach of interleaving results, as typically used in prior research, is least preferred. In addition, an analysis of user interaction behaviors shows that multilingual users make significant use of each of their languages, and that there are several interaction behavior differences depending on interface and task type.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134515699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Mergers and Acquisition due diligence, lawyers are tasked with analyzing a collection of contracts and determine the level of risk that comes from a merger or acquisition. This process has historically been manual and resulted in only a small fraction of the collection being examined. This paper reports on the user-focused redesign of our document viewer that is used by clients to review documents and train machine learning algorithms to find pertinent information from these contracts. We present an overview of the due diligence task and the user stories, generated through analysis of support tickets, user interviews, and usability testing sessions, that we used to redesign our document viewer to accommodate the variety of workflows that our clients employ. Additionally, we detail the important design decisions made and discuss the implications of our redesign beyond our particular use case.
{"title":"Redesigning a Document Viewer for Legal Documents","authors":"Adam Roegiest, Winter Wei","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176873","url":null,"abstract":"In Mergers and Acquisition due diligence, lawyers are tasked with analyzing a collection of contracts and determine the level of risk that comes from a merger or acquisition. This process has historically been manual and resulted in only a small fraction of the collection being examined. This paper reports on the user-focused redesign of our document viewer that is used by clients to review documents and train machine learning algorithms to find pertinent information from these contracts. We present an overview of the due diligence task and the user stories, generated through analysis of support tickets, user interviews, and usability testing sessions, that we used to redesign our document viewer to accommodate the variety of workflows that our clients employ. Additionally, we detail the important design decisions made and discuss the implications of our redesign beyond our particular use case.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than half of all searches are now submitted on mobile devices, which can (and often are) used in various potentially distracting situations, such as travelling on a noisy train or when walking down a busy street. Research suggests that walking has negative effects on search performance and behaviour and that auditory distractions can impact on user input and affect perception of task duration. In this work we conduct a user study (n=16) using a simulated distracting condition to investigate how auditory distractions change perceived and objective search performance and behaviour. Our results suggest that noisy environments induce stress on users, causing them to feel additional perceived time pressure, leading to a reduced ability to identify task-relevant documents and a compulsion to finish the search task quickly.
{"title":"Noisy Signals: Understanding the Impact of Auditory Distraction on Web Search Tasks","authors":"Morgan Harvey, Matthew Pointon","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176871","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of all searches are now submitted on mobile devices, which can (and often are) used in various potentially distracting situations, such as travelling on a noisy train or when walking down a busy street. Research suggests that walking has negative effects on search performance and behaviour and that auditory distractions can impact on user input and affect perception of task duration. In this work we conduct a user study (n=16) using a simulated distracting condition to investigate how auditory distractions change perceived and objective search performance and behaviour. Our results suggest that noisy environments induce stress on users, causing them to feel additional perceived time pressure, leading to a reduced ability to identify task-relevant documents and a compulsion to finish the search task quickly.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133798129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we examined what sources laypeople would select (i.e., visit and adopt) to resolve their health-related information needs, and how different health conditions affect the selection. Twenty-four college students participated in this user study, where they were asked to search for two separate health issues respectively: multiple sclerosis and weight loss. The search logs were collected and analyzed afterwards. We classify the online information sources on both website level and webpage level, and a webpage classification scheme based on genre is proposed. Results suggest that users» selection of sources depends on different types of health issues in terms of urgency and complexity. Health-specific webpage is a popular source and highly adopted for both tasks, but it is particularly helpful for urgent and complex health conditions. Search engines could facilitate users to navigate among scattered health information and support concerns regarding common health issues.
{"title":"What Sources to Rely on:: Laypeople's Source Selection in Online Health Information Seeking","authors":"Yu Chi, Daqing He, Shuguang Han, Jiepu Jiang","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176881","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined what sources laypeople would select (i.e., visit and adopt) to resolve their health-related information needs, and how different health conditions affect the selection. Twenty-four college students participated in this user study, where they were asked to search for two separate health issues respectively: multiple sclerosis and weight loss. The search logs were collected and analyzed afterwards. We classify the online information sources on both website level and webpage level, and a webpage classification scheme based on genre is proposed. Results suggest that users» selection of sources depends on different types of health issues in terms of urgency and complexity. Health-specific webpage is a popular source and highly adopted for both tasks, but it is particularly helpful for urgent and complex health conditions. Search engines could facilitate users to navigate among scattered health information and support concerns regarding common health issues.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114519123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), people are increasingly gathering and using information through ambient displays every day. While this everyday information behavior has become a common mode of human information behavior, little is known about the factors that constitute such practices to inform the design of information dashboards. Drawing from 729 user reviews of indoor air quality monitoring stations posted to Amazon.com as a case, this study investigates the process through which people gather and use information from an ambient display as everyday information behavior. By using sense-making theory as an analytical framework, we illustrate key themes that constitute ways in which people make sense of information through everyday information behaviors of ambient display use.
{"title":"Investigating Everyday Information Behavior of Using Ambient Displays: A Case of Indoor Air Quality Monitors","authors":"Sunyoung Kim","doi":"10.1145/3176349.3176880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176880","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), people are increasingly gathering and using information through ambient displays every day. While this everyday information behavior has become a common mode of human information behavior, little is known about the factors that constitute such practices to inform the design of information dashboards. Drawing from 729 user reviews of indoor air quality monitoring stations posted to Amazon.com as a case, this study investigates the process through which people gather and use information from an ambient display as everyday information behavior. By using sense-making theory as an analytical framework, we illustrate key themes that constitute ways in which people make sense of information through everyday information behaviors of ambient display use.","PeriodicalId":198379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114555238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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