Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.25
Waheed Ali Mirbahar, M. M. A. Talpur, T. Pirzada, Syyed Ghulam Musharraf
This study is based on an environmental assessment of acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen in waste and tap water samples of twenty different locations of municipal area of Sukkur city, Sindh, Pakistan. Both drugs belong to the most frequently used Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) group. The specified pharmaceuticals were extracted from the wastewater and tap water samples by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method using Waters Oasis hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique was applied for the detection and quantification of selected drugs. Negative Electron Spray Ionization (ESI) was used along with Multi Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Pharmaceuticals concentration were found 7.38-827 µg/L and 5.47-328.95 µg/L in waste and tap water samples, respectively. The results obtained are comparable with the data reported in literature. Human health risk assessment caused by acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen in aquatic media was observed by applying Risk Quotient (RQ) approach. The calculated RQ values are low enough (order of 10-3 to 10-5) to cause a direct risk for consumers, but their presence in water may pose a danger synergistically.
{"title":"Determination of Acetylsalicylic acid and Naproxen in waste and Tap Water of the Municipal Area of the Sukkur City by SPE-LC-MS/MS","authors":"Waheed Ali Mirbahar, M. M. A. Talpur, T. Pirzada, Syyed Ghulam Musharraf","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.25","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on an environmental assessment of acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen in waste and tap water samples of twenty different locations of municipal area of Sukkur city, Sindh, Pakistan. Both drugs belong to the most frequently used Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) group. The specified pharmaceuticals were extracted from the wastewater and tap water samples by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method using Waters Oasis hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique was applied for the detection and quantification of selected drugs. Negative Electron Spray Ionization (ESI) was used along with Multi Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Pharmaceuticals concentration were found 7.38-827 µg/L and 5.47-328.95 µg/L in waste and tap water samples, respectively. The results obtained are comparable with the data reported in literature. Human health risk assessment caused by acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen in aquatic media was observed by applying Risk Quotient (RQ) approach. The calculated RQ values are low enough (order of 10-3 to 10-5) to cause a direct risk for consumers, but their presence in water may pose a danger synergistically.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41329895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.17
A. R. Shar
Abdul Raheem Shar, Ghulam Qadir Shar, Wahid Bux Jatoi, Noor Zaman, Zubeda Bhatti, Noor Ul Hassan, Mazhar Iqbal Khaskheli, Qurat-Ul-Ain Shaikh, Ghulam Mujtaba Jogi and Atta Hussain Rind Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Department of Physics, Shah Abdul Latif University, Kheirpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan. *Corresponding Author Email: saifiraheem3863920@gmail.com Received 14 April 2020, Revised 08 June 2020, Accepted 11 June 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The present study was carried out for quantitative assessment of the drinking water quality consumed by people of area under study. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, TH, EC, TDS, Cl, SO4 2HCO3 , NO3 N, o-PO4 3-P, F , and Turbidity were determined. Titration and spectroscopic methods were used to analyze SO4 , NO3 —N, o-PO4 --P, F, and Turbidity. The Ca and Mg were measured with complexometric titration procedure, while Na and K were determined by FAAS. The study showed that pH, nitrate-nitrogen and fluoride were found within the safe limit of the WHO. The TDS (1000 mg/L) and EC (1500 mg/L) of twelve villages were found above permissible limit. Samples of two villages Ali Hassan Mirgh Baloch and Pir Usman Shah Jhaloo showed high TH content. The chloride content was found within the safe limit only in three villages M. Essa Khaskheli, Abdullah Mallah and Haji Gul Muhammad Jat, whereas higher chloride content was found in the remaining villages. Higher sulfate content of 292 mg/L was observed in drinking water of Village Ali Ahmed Mirgh Baloch, while drinking water samples of all other villages under study were found safe for sulphate content. In the water of eight villages turbidity was found higher than allowable limit of 5 (NTU). Concentration of macro elements such as, Ca (191 – 33 mg/L), Mg (22 – 92 mg/L), Na (56 – 345 mg/L) and K (1 – 11 mg/L) were measured in the groundwater samples. Analytical data revealed that there are different parameters which may cause aesthetic and health hazards in the studied area.
Abdul Raheem Shar、Ghulam Qadir Shar、Wahid Bux Jatoi、Noor Zaman、Zubeda Bhatti、Noor Ul Hassan、Mazhar Iqbal Khaskheli、Qurat Ul Ain Shaikh、Ghulaam Mujtaba Jogi和Atta Hussain Rind化学研究所，Shah Abdul Latif大学，信德省哈尔布尔。巴基斯坦詹绍罗信德大学国家分析化学卓越中心。Shah Abdul Latif大学物理系，巴基斯坦信德省Kheirpur。巴基斯坦海得拉巴政府学院大学化学系。Shaheed Benazir Bhutto大学化学系，Shaheed贝纳齐拉巴德，巴基斯坦*通讯作者电子邮件：saifiraheem3863920@gmail.com2020年4月14日收到，2020年6月8日修订，2020年06月11日接受--------------------------------------------------------------------------------摘要本研究旨在对研究地区居民的饮用水水质进行定量评估。测定了pH、TH、EC、TDS、Cl、SO4 2HCO3、NO3 N、o-PO4 3-P、F和浊度等理化参数。采用滴定法和光谱法对SO4、NO3-N、o-PO4-P、F和浊度进行了分析。Ca和Mg用络合滴定法测定，Na和K用FAAS法测定。研究表明，pH值、硝酸盐和氟化物均在世界卫生组织的安全限值范围内。12个村庄的TDS（1000 mg/L）和EC（1500 mg/L）均高于允许限值。Ali Hassan Mirgh Baloch和Pir Usman Shah Jhaloo两个村庄的样本显示TH含量较高。仅在M.Essa Khaskheli、Abdullah Mallah和Haji Gul Muhammad Jat三个村庄的氯化物含量在安全范围内，而在其余村庄发现了更高的氯化物含量。在Ali Ahmed Mirgh Baloch村的饮用水中观察到较高的硫酸盐含量，为292 mg/L，而在研究的所有其他村庄的饮用水样本中发现硫酸盐含量是安全的。在8个村庄的水中发现浊度高于5（NTU）的允许限值。测量了地下水样品中Ca（191–33 mg/L）、mg（22–92 mg/L）、Na（56–345 mg/L）和K（1–11 mg/L）等常量元素的浓度。分析数据显示，在研究区域内，存在可能导致美学和健康危害的不同参数。
{"title":"Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Drinking Water in Coastal Area of Taluka Keti Bandar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study","authors":"A. R. Shar","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abdul Raheem Shar, Ghulam Qadir Shar, Wahid Bux Jatoi, Noor Zaman, Zubeda Bhatti, Noor Ul Hassan, Mazhar Iqbal Khaskheli, Qurat-Ul-Ain Shaikh, Ghulam Mujtaba Jogi and Atta Hussain Rind Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Department of Physics, Shah Abdul Latif University, Kheirpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan. *Corresponding Author Email: saifiraheem3863920@gmail.com Received 14 April 2020, Revised 08 June 2020, Accepted 11 June 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The present study was carried out for quantitative assessment of the drinking water quality consumed by people of area under study. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, TH, EC, TDS, Cl, SO4 2HCO3 , NO3 N, o-PO4 3-P, F , and Turbidity were determined. Titration and spectroscopic methods were used to analyze SO4 , NO3 —N, o-PO4 --P, F, and Turbidity. The Ca and Mg were measured with complexometric titration procedure, while Na and K were determined by FAAS. The study showed that pH, nitrate-nitrogen and fluoride were found within the safe limit of the WHO. The TDS (1000 mg/L) and EC (1500 mg/L) of twelve villages were found above permissible limit. Samples of two villages Ali Hassan Mirgh Baloch and Pir Usman Shah Jhaloo showed high TH content. The chloride content was found within the safe limit only in three villages M. Essa Khaskheli, Abdullah Mallah and Haji Gul Muhammad Jat, whereas higher chloride content was found in the remaining villages. Higher sulfate content of 292 mg/L was observed in drinking water of Village Ali Ahmed Mirgh Baloch, while drinking water samples of all other villages under study were found safe for sulphate content. In the water of eight villages turbidity was found higher than allowable limit of 5 (NTU). Concentration of macro elements such as, Ca (191 – 33 mg/L), Mg (22 – 92 mg/L), Na (56 – 345 mg/L) and K (1 – 11 mg/L) were measured in the groundwater samples. Analytical data revealed that there are different parameters which may cause aesthetic and health hazards in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49652956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.04
A. Memon
Abdul Ghani Memon, Ayaz Ali Memon, Faqeer Mahboob Ali Rind Zahid Ali Zounr, Azhar Ali Ayaz Pirzada, Nazir Ahmed Brohi, Mazhar Iqbal Khaskheli and Jamil Rahman Memon Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. Department of Microbiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. *Corresponding Author Email: ayazmemon33@gmail.com Received 14 November 2019, Revised 02 May 2020, Accepted 20 June 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The study is based on the determination of amlodipine besylate (AB) after derivatization with 4dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) using UV/Visible spectrophotometer at pH 5 to yield derivative that is measured at λ max 399 nm. The calibration graph obtained was liner and fulfilled Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range 05-25 μg/mL of (AB) and DMAB having coefficient of determination R2 0.9988 with RSD 0.93% and molar absorptivity 4.04x10 mole cm. Quantitative / analytical parameters such as pH, heating time, temperature were optimized. Reagent concentration /volume, interday and intraday studies were also carried out. There was no effect of various solvents and additives observed on the determination of AB in commercially available drugs. The method is stable, accurate, rapid and simple for the study of imine derivative of AB.
Abdul Ghani Memon、Ayaz Ali Memon、Faqeer Mahboob Ali Rind Zahid Ali Zounr、Azhar Ali Ayaz Pirzada、Nazir Ahmed Brohi、Mazhar Iqbal Khaskheli和Jamil Rahman Memon巴基斯坦詹绍罗信德大学Kazi化学研究所M.A.博士。国家分析化学卓越中心，信德大学，Jamshoro-76080，巴基斯坦。信德大学电子工程系，Jamshoro-76080，巴基斯坦。信德大学微生物学系，Jamshoro-76080，巴基斯坦*通讯作者电子邮件：ayazmemon33@gmail.com2019年11月14日收到，2020年5月2日修订，接受日期：2020年6月20日----------------------------------------------------------------------------摘要本研究基于在pH 5下使用紫外/可见分光光度计测定苯磺酸氨氯地平（AB）与4-二甲基氨基苯甲醛（DMAB）衍生后的衍生物，得到在λmax 399 nm下测得的衍生物。在（AB）和DMAB的浓度范围为05-25μg/mL时，得到的校准图是线性的，符合比尔-朗伯定律，测定系数R2为0.9988，RSD为0.93%，摩尔吸光率为4.04x10 mole cm。对pH、加热时间、温度等定量/分析参数进行了优化。还进行了试剂浓度/体积、日间和日间研究。在市售药物中，没有观察到各种溶剂和添加剂对AB的测定有影响。该方法稳定、准确、快速、简便，可用于AB亚胺衍生物的研究。
{"title":"Development of Colorimetric Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Amlodipine Besylate in Dosage form Using 4- Dimethyleaminobenzaldehyde as Derivatizing Reagent","authors":"A. Memon","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abdul Ghani Memon, Ayaz Ali Memon, Faqeer Mahboob Ali Rind Zahid Ali Zounr, Azhar Ali Ayaz Pirzada, Nazir Ahmed Brohi, Mazhar Iqbal Khaskheli and Jamil Rahman Memon Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. Department of Microbiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan. *Corresponding Author Email: ayazmemon33@gmail.com Received 14 November 2019, Revised 02 May 2020, Accepted 20 June 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The study is based on the determination of amlodipine besylate (AB) after derivatization with 4dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) using UV/Visible spectrophotometer at pH 5 to yield derivative that is measured at λ max 399 nm. The calibration graph obtained was liner and fulfilled Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range 05-25 μg/mL of (AB) and DMAB having coefficient of determination R2 0.9988 with RSD 0.93% and molar absorptivity 4.04x10 mole cm. Quantitative / analytical parameters such as pH, heating time, temperature were optimized. Reagent concentration /volume, interday and intraday studies were also carried out. There was no effect of various solvents and additives observed on the determination of AB in commercially available drugs. The method is stable, accurate, rapid and simple for the study of imine derivative of AB.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44533617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.18
A. Mehmood, Lahore Pakistan Pcsir Laboratories Complex
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The trace elements, cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) were determined in the drinking water of Multan city and areas in its vicinity. For this purpose, ten water samples were collected from various points within a circle of one kilometer radius, each time around seven disposal units. Water samples were stored in sealed glass flasks at room temperature. The quality of these water samples was compared with reference samples collected from various far off places which were not affected by any disposal unit. Analysis for Co and Mn was carried out using Flame-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Co (0.31 ppm) was found in New Multan disposal area, while highest concentration of Mn (0.45 ppm) was noted in Suraj Miani disposal area. The contents of Co and Mn metals in most of the points are found to be greater than permissible limits of WHO guide lines for drinking water.
{"title":"The Studies on Water Quality for Cobalt and Manganese Content in Drinking Water of Multan Area, Southern Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"A. Mehmood, Lahore Pakistan Pcsir Laboratories Complex","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.18","url":null,"abstract":"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The trace elements, cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) were determined in the drinking water of Multan city and areas in its vicinity. For this purpose, ten water samples were collected from various points within a circle of one kilometer radius, each time around seven disposal units. Water samples were stored in sealed glass flasks at room temperature. The quality of these water samples was compared with reference samples collected from various far off places which were not affected by any disposal unit. Analysis for Co and Mn was carried out using Flame-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Co (0.31 ppm) was found in New Multan disposal area, while highest concentration of Mn (0.45 ppm) was noted in Suraj Miani disposal area. The contents of Co and Mn metals in most of the points are found to be greater than permissible limits of WHO guide lines for drinking water.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.03
Neşet Neşetoğlu, Cem Kaplan, S. Aslan, D. Ünal
Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide (LENA) and pomalidomide (POMA) are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. LENA is used as a treatment for myeloma and blood disorders called myelodysplastic syndromes. The maximum clinical dose of LENA for some haematological cancers is generally ≤ 25 mg. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important for the individualization of drug dosage. A highly sensitive and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay was developed and validated for the quantification of LENA in human plasma. LENA was extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction by ethyl acetate and analysed using a reversed phase isocratic elution on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18, (4.6 - 50 mm, 2.7µm) column. 0.1% formic acid: methanol (10:90% v/v), was used as mobile phase and detection was performed by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS using jet stream electrospray ionization in negative mode. POMA was used as the internal standard (IS). Analyte and IS were detected by tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of precursor–product ion transitions with 0.100 s dwell time, at m/z 258.0 > 213.0 for LENA and m/z 272.0 > 161.0 for POMA. The calibration curves were consistently accurate and precise over the concentration range of 20 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL in plasma for LENA. This novel LC–MS/MS method competes with all the regulatory requirements and shows satisfactory accuracy and precision. It is sufficiently sensitive for the performance of pharmacokinetic, bioequivalence and TDM studies in humans.
{"title":"A Simple and Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lenalidomide","authors":"Neşet Neşetoğlu, Cem Kaplan, S. Aslan, D. Ünal","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide (LENA) and pomalidomide (POMA) are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. LENA is used as a treatment for myeloma and blood disorders called myelodysplastic syndromes. The maximum clinical dose of LENA for some haematological cancers is generally ≤ 25 mg. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important for the individualization of drug dosage. A highly sensitive and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay was developed and validated for the quantification of LENA in human plasma. LENA was extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction by ethyl acetate and analysed using a reversed phase isocratic elution on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18, (4.6 - 50 mm, 2.7µm) column. 0.1% formic acid: methanol (10:90% v/v), was used as mobile phase and detection was performed by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS using jet stream electrospray ionization in negative mode. POMA was used as the internal standard (IS). Analyte and IS were detected by tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of precursor–product ion transitions with 0.100 s dwell time, at m/z 258.0 > 213.0 for LENA and m/z 272.0 > 161.0 for POMA. The calibration curves were consistently accurate and precise over the concentration range of 20 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL in plasma for LENA. This novel LC–MS/MS method competes with all the regulatory requirements and shows satisfactory accuracy and precision. It is sufficiently sensitive for the performance of pharmacokinetic, bioequivalence and TDM studies in humans.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.12
T. Abodunrin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This study evaluated the release profiles of phosphate and oxalic acid in soils treated with oxalic acid a low molecular weight organic acid and glycine an amino acid compared with NPK fertilizer monitored over a period of 21 days. The soil treated with oxalic acid and glycine released higher phosphate and oxalic acid than that treated with NPK fertilizer. The soil treated with oxalic acid released higher phosphate than that which was treated with glycine while higher oxalic acid was observed in the soil treated with glycine rather than for that treated with oxalic acid. Significant effects were observed between the treatment and the length of time for phosphate release (P<0.05) while for the release of oxalic acid, there was no significant effect between the treatment (P>0.05) but with increase in length of time (P<0.05). This demonstrates the efficient ability of oxalic acid and glycine as substitutes for phosphate fertilizers.
{"title":"Assessment of the Effect of Glycine, Oxalic Acid and Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) Fertilizer as Nutrient Supplement Using Phosphate and Oxalic Acid as Indices","authors":"T. Abodunrin","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.12","url":null,"abstract":"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This study evaluated the release profiles of phosphate and oxalic acid in soils treated with oxalic acid a low molecular weight organic acid and glycine an amino acid compared with NPK fertilizer monitored over a period of 21 days. The soil treated with oxalic acid and glycine released higher phosphate and oxalic acid than that treated with NPK fertilizer. The soil treated with oxalic acid released higher phosphate than that which was treated with glycine while higher oxalic acid was observed in the soil treated with glycine rather than for that treated with oxalic acid. Significant effects were observed between the treatment and the length of time for phosphate release (P<0.05) while for the release of oxalic acid, there was no significant effect between the treatment (P>0.05) but with increase in length of time (P<0.05). This demonstrates the efficient ability of oxalic acid and glycine as substitutes for phosphate fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41583607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.16
G. M. Channa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The current study aims to examine the concentration of some toxic elements such as, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) and physicochemical parameters such as electric conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the wastewater of dye manufacturing, textile dyeing, and small dyeing industries. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni in wastewater samples of these industries were significantly higher than the permissible limits set by WHO for toxic metals in industrial wastewater. The highest level of EC was observed in wastewater samples of the small dying industry as compared to the other two types of industries. The BOD of the investigated wastewater samples was almost two to three-times exceeded than the suggested threshold level recommended by EPA for industrial wastewater. The elevated BOD levels might be due to the presence of the excess level of organic matter in wastewater discharged from the various activities of industries.
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Some Toxic Elements and Physicochemical Parameters in Wastewater of Dyeing Industry: A Case Study","authors":"G. M. Channa","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.16","url":null,"abstract":"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The current study aims to examine the concentration of some toxic elements such as, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) and physicochemical parameters such as electric conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the wastewater of dye manufacturing, textile dyeing, and small dyeing industries. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni in wastewater samples of these industries were significantly higher than the permissible limits set by WHO for toxic metals in industrial wastewater. The highest level of EC was observed in wastewater samples of the small dying industry as compared to the other two types of industries. The BOD of the investigated wastewater samples was almost two to three-times exceeded than the suggested threshold level recommended by EPA for industrial wastewater. The elevated BOD levels might be due to the presence of the excess level of organic matter in wastewater discharged from the various activities of industries.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43054627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.09
T. Khan
The removal of heavy metals from water is very difficult. For this reason different methods have been employed so far among which biosorption is the cheapest and ecofriendly way to treat and remove heavy metals from aqueous media. Present study, investigated the ability of potato peel husk (PPH), potato peel husk modified with lemon juice (LMPPH) and potato peel husk modified with lemon juice & microwave (MLMPPH) for the removal of Pb (II) from water. Organic adsorbent was activated by lemon juice & microwave and was characterized by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Adsorption mechanism (batch parameters) and isothermal studies (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin isotherms) revealed the best fitness of Freundlich isotherm from the R 2 values indicating physisorption. Results of kinetic studies (pseudo first and second order and intraparticle diffusion) showed that reaction followed pseudo second order kinetics. In thermodynamic study reaction was exothermic (ΔH was negative). The ability of PPH, LMPPH and MLMPPH for removal of lead was also investigated in column studies (bed height, flow rate, influent concentration).Thomas Morrison adsorption model described breakthrough data. Recent study proved that activation of potato peel husk with lemon juice and microwave (MLMPPH) not only increased the sorption capacity of sorbent much more as compared to PPH and LMPPH due to the introduction of excess COOH groups with lemon juice but also their activation as COO - with microwave exposure.
{"title":"Lemon Juice and Microwave Assisted Modification of Potato Peel Husk for Lead Biosorption: Batch and Column Studies","authors":"T. Khan","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.09","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of heavy metals from water is very difficult. For this reason different methods have been employed so far among which biosorption is the cheapest and ecofriendly way to treat and remove heavy metals from aqueous media. Present study, investigated the ability of potato peel husk (PPH), potato peel husk modified with lemon juice (LMPPH) and potato peel husk modified with lemon juice & microwave (MLMPPH) for the removal of Pb (II) from water. Organic adsorbent was activated by lemon juice & microwave and was characterized by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Adsorption mechanism (batch parameters) and isothermal studies (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin isotherms) revealed the best fitness of Freundlich isotherm from the R 2 values indicating physisorption. Results of kinetic studies (pseudo first and second order and intraparticle diffusion) showed that reaction followed pseudo second order kinetics. In thermodynamic study reaction was exothermic (ΔH was negative). The ability of PPH, LMPPH and MLMPPH for removal of lead was also investigated in column studies (bed height, flow rate, influent concentration).Thomas Morrison adsorption model described breakthrough data. Recent study proved that activation of potato peel husk with lemon juice and microwave (MLMPPH) not only increased the sorption capacity of sorbent much more as compared to PPH and LMPPH due to the introduction of excess COOH groups with lemon juice but also their activation as COO - with microwave exposure.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.11
I. Ugulu
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The present research determines the effect of wastewater for irrigation on heavy metal accumulation in vegetables in the example of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) and to evaluate human health risk from consumption. Trace metal values of Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni and Mn, were determined in the water, soil and plant samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Trace metal concentrations in spinach samples ranged from 0.29 to 0.37, 0.14 to 1.25, 0.07 to 0.67, 1.12 to 2.48, 0.33 to 0.38, 1.92 to 2.90 and 0.51 to 0.63 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Mn, respectively. These values of trace metals were lower than the permissible limits except for Cd. All health risk index (HRI) values except for Cd were less than 1. However, the HRI values related to spinach samples irrigated with canal water and sugar mill water were generally higher than the values of the samples irrigated with groundwater. The HRI value of Cd was higher than 1 and consumers of such vegetables in which HRI of metal was greater than 1 will be at risk.
{"title":"Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Trace Metal Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Human Health Risk","authors":"I. Ugulu","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.11","url":null,"abstract":"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The present research determines the effect of wastewater for irrigation on heavy metal accumulation in vegetables in the example of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) and to evaluate human health risk from consumption. Trace metal values of Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni and Mn, were determined in the water, soil and plant samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Trace metal concentrations in spinach samples ranged from 0.29 to 0.37, 0.14 to 1.25, 0.07 to 0.67, 1.12 to 2.48, 0.33 to 0.38, 1.92 to 2.90 and 0.51 to 0.63 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Mn, respectively. These values of trace metals were lower than the permissible limits except for Cd. All health risk index (HRI) values except for Cd were less than 1. However, the HRI values related to spinach samples irrigated with canal water and sugar mill water were generally higher than the values of the samples irrigated with groundwater. The HRI value of Cd was higher than 1 and consumers of such vegetables in which HRI of metal was greater than 1 will be at risk.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44144493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.02
Intisar A. Shihab
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract A simple and efficient cloud point spectrophotometric method has been used for the determination of salbutamol sulphateand methyldopabothinpureandpharmaceutical preparations.Theprocedurewasbased on the ion association formation with eosin Y. The extraction of ion association, drown to Triton X-114 micelles, was measured spectrophotometrically. The phase separation was studied and optimized.Beer's law was rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 0.1-20 and 0.3-10 µg/mL with molar absorptivity4x10 4 and 5.7x10 4 L.mol -1 cm -1 and average recovery 98.21% and 101.27% for the above drugs, respectively. The method was applied successfully for the determination of salbutamol sulphate and methyldopa in pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"Application of Cloud Point Method for Spectrophotometric Determination of Salbutamol Sulphate and Methyldopa","authors":"Intisar A. Shihab","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract A simple and efficient cloud point spectrophotometric method has been used for the determination of salbutamol sulphateand methyldopabothinpureandpharmaceutical preparations.Theprocedurewasbased on the ion association formation with eosin Y. The extraction of ion association, drown to Triton X-114 micelles, was measured spectrophotometrically. The phase separation was studied and optimized.Beer's law was rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 0.1-20 and 0.3-10 µg/mL with molar absorptivity4x10 4 and 5.7x10 4 L.mol -1 cm -1 and average recovery 98.21% and 101.27% for the above drugs, respectively. The method was applied successfully for the determination of salbutamol sulphate and methyldopa in pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44224199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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