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Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Cadmium in Groundwater of Talukas Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, Sindh, Pakistan 巴基斯坦信德省Talukas Ghorabari和Mirpur Sakro地下水中砷和镉的风险评估
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.11
Abdul Rahim Shar, G. Q. Shar, Shafi Muhammad Wassan, W. B. Jatoi, Z. Bhatti, M. A. Jakhrani, Abida Ali Shar
The current study was carried out for quantitative and risk assessment of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) from Talukas Ghora Bari and Mirpur Sakro. The concentration of Cd was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The As concentration was measured with the help of the Arsenic Kit Method. For analysis of Cd, samples were prepared by the Microwave digestion method, whereas for As analysis, water samples were analyzed directly. The range of Cd content was observed from the studied areas as 1 – 10 μg/L and 1.2 – 11.2 μg/L, respectively. The groundwater water of Talukas Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro showed the mean Cd content of 5 μg/L and 6.1 μg/L, respectively. The Cd contamination of 56% and 80% was found in Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, respectively. The range of As content of 0.00 – 50 μg/L and 10 – 80 μg/L was determined from Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, respectively. Hazard Quotient for Cd > 1 was found in 40% of both children and infants in the groundwater of the study area, which may cause non-carcinogenic risk. About 48% of water samples declared HQ values > 1 for adults in the water of Ghorabari. Since 84% of samples showed the HQ values > 1 for children and infants. The HQ values of As for Adults of the Mirpur Sakro were observed in 63.3% samples, whereas for children and infants, HQ values were found in 100% samples. It is therefore strongly recommended that groundwater must be treated before consumption by the people of the area under study.
本研究对Talukas Ghora Bari和Mirpur Sakro的镉(Cd)和砷(As)进行了定量和风险评估。用原子吸收光谱法测定了镉的浓度。砷的浓度是用砷试剂盒法测定的。对于Cd的分析,样品是通过微波消解法制备的,而对于As的分析,则直接分析水样。研究区域的Cd含量范围分别为1–10μg/L和1.2–11.2μg/L。Talukas Ghorabari和Mirpur Sakro的地下水平均Cd含量分别为5μg/L和6.1μg/L。Ghorabari和Mirpur Sakro的Cd污染率分别为56%和80%。Ghorabari和Mirpur Sakro的As含量范围分别为0.00–50μg/L和10–80μg/L。在研究区域地下水中,40%的儿童和婴儿的Cd危险系数>1,这可能导致非致癌风险。Ghorabari水中约48%的水样显示成人HQ值>1。由于84%的样本显示儿童和婴儿的HQ值>1。在63.3%的样本中观察到Mirpur Sakro的成人As的HQ值,而在儿童和婴儿中,在100%的样本中发现了HQ值。因此,强烈建议研究区域的居民在饮用地下水之前必须对地下水进行处理。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Titania (TiO2) Nanoparticles on the Growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Under Differing Soil Conditions 纳米二氧化钛对不同土壤条件下菠菜生长的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.08
Saman Rizwan
Nanotechnology has widely been used in a variety of fields including agriculture, since the last few decades. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect on the growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under exposure of 0, 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 mg TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) kg-1 of soil. TNPs in anatase form with a size of 74 nm, complex and spherical in shape were synthesized. Two different soils 1) Loamy Soil and 2) Sandy Soil were used under low pH (about 6.5) and high (original) pH of the soils. The effects of TNPs were investigated on plant lengths, total fresh and dry biomass. The plants were exposed to TNPs for about 3 months. It was observed that TNPs had a generally negative impact on the length of plants grown in sandy soil (both low and original pH) and loamy soil with low pH. The measurements of samples with the original pH of loamy soil showed a positive relationship with increased TNPs concentration. Overall the dry biomass of plants grew in (both low and original pH) loamy soil and sandy soil with low pH had increased with increase in concentration of TNPs, while in sandy soil with original pH, the biomass of plants decreased with increased concentration of TNPs. Phosphorous analysis on rhizosphere soil showed correspondence with biomass results. Generally, it was observed that type of soil and pH of soil affected the growth of spinach plants under applied TNPs.
自过去几十年以来,纳米技术已广泛应用于包括农业在内的各个领域。本研究的目的是评估在0、100、200、250、300、400、500 mg TiO2纳米颗粒(TNPs)kg-1的土壤中暴露对菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)生长的影响。合成了尺寸为74nm的锐钛矿型TNPs,其形状为球形和复杂。在土壤的低pH(约6.5)和高pH(原始)条件下,使用了两种不同的土壤(1)壤土和2)沙质土壤。研究了TNPs对植株长度、总鲜生物量和干生物量的影响。这些植物暴露在TNPs中约3个月。据观察,TNPs对沙质土壤(低pH值和原始pH值)和低pH值的壤土中生长的植物的长度通常具有负面影响。对具有壤土原始pH值的样品的测量显示,TNPs浓度的增加与TNPs浓度呈正相关。总的来说,在低pH和原始pH的壤土和低pH的沙质土壤中生长的植物的干生物量随着TNPs浓度的增加而增加,而在原始pH的沙质土中,植物的生物量随着TNF浓度的升高而减少。根际土壤磷分析结果与生物量结果一致。一般来说,在施用TNP的情况下,观察到土壤类型和土壤pH值影响菠菜植物的生长。
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引用次数: 0
4-Aminoacetophenone Intercalated CoAl Layered Double Hydroxides: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) ions from Water Samples 4-氨基苯乙酮插层煤层双氢氧化物:合成、表征及对水样中Cd(II)离子的吸附去除
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.14
A. R. Bhatti, A. N. Siyal, M. H. Agheem, Q. K. Panhwar, Adnan Ahmed, M. Y. Khuhawar
In the present study, CoAl-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxides (CoAl-NO3-LDH) was synthesized and an enolate anion of 4-Aminoacetophenone (AAP) was intercalated into LDH following the reconstruction approach. The CoAl-NO3-LDH and CoAl-AAP-LDH were characterized by Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. CoAl-AAP-LDH worked well for adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous samples at optimum pH 7, adsorbent dosage 25 mg, concentration of Cd(II) ions 25 mg L-1 and shaking time 20 min at 25 °C. Different isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms fitted well to adsorption data with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998, 0.982 and 0.992, respectively. Monolayered (Qm) and multi-layered (KF) capacities of CoAl-AAP-LDH for adsorption of Cd(II) ions were calculated and found to be 34.40 and 19.44 mg g-1, respectively. Sorption energy was calculated and found to be 9.13 kJ mol-1, indicating chemisorption or ion exchange sorption mechanism. The method worked well for the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from wastewater samples.
本研究合成了煤- no3层状双氢氧化物(CoAl-NO3-LDH),并按照重构方法将4-氨基苯乙酮(AAP)的烯醇酸阴离子插入到LDH中。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线(EDX)对煤- no3 - ldh和煤- aap - ldh进行了表征。在最佳吸附剂pH为7、吸附剂投加量为25 mg、Cd(II)离子浓度为25 mg L-1、25°C振荡时间为20 min的条件下,煤- aap - ldh对样品中Cd(II)离子的吸附效果良好。Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)等温线与吸附数据拟合良好,相关系数(R2)分别为0.998、0.982和0.992。计算了煤- aap - ldh吸附Cd(II)离子的单层(Qm)和多层(KF)容量,分别为34.40和19.44 mg g-1。吸附能为9.13 kJ mol-1,表明其为化学吸附或离子交换吸附。该方法对废水中Cd(II)离子的吸附效果良好。
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引用次数: 1
Investigating the Effect of Dwell Time on the Physical Properties of Nano-sized Tin dioxide (SnO2) Prepared Through a Continuous Microwave Flow Process 停留时间对连续微波流法制备纳米二氧化锡(SnO2)物理性能影响的研究
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.02
Muhammad Akram
Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a well-known catalytic material used to catalyze different organic dyes and gas sensors. Similarly, it is also considered a good sensing and optoelectronic material. In this work, SnO2 has been synthesized using a microwave-assisted continuous flow method. The effect of dwell time was utilized to study its effects on the physical properties of SnO2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Bruner Emmit-Teller (BET) techniques were used to characterize the synthesized SnO2. UV-Visible spectroscopy technique was employed to calculate the energy bandgap, which exhibited a decrease in the energy bandgap from 3.44 to 3.33 eV on increasing the dwell time. XRD results exhibited an increase in the degree of crystallinity from 56 to 63% and a reduction in the particle size from 3.74 to 2.75 nm. Where, BET study revealed a shrinkage in the surface area from 159 to 154 m2g- 1. Photoluminescence (PL) study was conducted to investigate the surface defects. Photocatalytic efficiency of the SnO2 was probed against the photodegradation of methylene blue dye and this study revealed that SnO2 is a good photocatalytic material.
二氧化锡(SnO2)是一种众所周知的催化材料,用于催化不同的有机染料和气体传感器。同样,它也被认为是一种良好的传感和光电材料。在本工作中,使用微波辅助连续流动法合成了SnO2。利用停留时间的影响来研究其对SnO2物理性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和BET技术对合成的SnO2进行了表征。采用紫外-可见光谱技术计算了能带隙,随着停留时间的增加,能带隙从3.44eV减小到3.33eV。XRD结果显示结晶度从56%增加到63%,粒度从3.74减小到2.75nm。其中,BET研究显示表面积从159 m2g-1收缩到154 m2g-1。对表面缺陷进行了光致发光(PL)研究。探讨了SnO2对亚甲基蓝染料光降解的光催化效率,表明SnO2是一种良好的光催化材料。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison Study of the Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Conversion of Used Cooking Oil into High Grade Chemicals 废食用油转化为高级化学品的金属氧化物催化剂的比较研究
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.15
Wali Ullah, N. A. Khan, N. H. Syed, M. Habib
Cracking of edible oils occurs at high temperature and forms valued low molecular weight chemical species. The aim of the current study was to find a catalyst which can break these heavy molecules at the lower ranges of temperatures. From the analysis prospective, the non-condensable hydrocarbons (gaseous product species) were not determined and reactions study was carried out in a batch reactor. There was no evident conversion up to a temperature of 450 °C in the absence of catalyst whereas the reaction mixture was left inside a batch reactor for a long duration of an hour. Reaction parameters, such as catalyst types (ZnO and Al2O3), amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, residence or holding time, and heating rate to reach a reaction temperature were systematically examined. Powdered form of catalyst samples (ZnO and Al2O3) were characterized by using XRD, EDX, and Nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Temperatures studied over ZnO catalyst were 400 °C, 425 °C, 450 °C, 475 °C, and 500 °C. The maximum oil conversion was 81 % at a temperature of 450 °C. We observed that the conversion increases from 400 °C to 450 °C, whereas above 450 °C it starts to decrease. However, in comparison to ZnO catalyst the reaction rate was much higher over the Al2O3, i.e. a considerable conversion occurred at lower ranges of temperatures. Thus here a different set of temperatures (330 °C, 370 °C, 390 °C, 410 °C, and 430°C) were used. When reacting for an hour at a temperature of 390 °C, and in the presence of 8 wt.% of Al2O3 (same catalyst mass was used in ZnO reacting system) the conversion reached to 71 %. Above 390 °C the conversion decreased. Over both tested metal oxide catalysts the caloric value, density, flash point, and kinematic viscosity of the liquid product species were similar to petro fuels. The XRD and EDX signature of the catalyst samples corresponds to the standard ZnO and Al2O3 patterns. Finally, when compared to ZnO the better activity over the Al2O3 (higher conversion at lower temperature) catalyst can be linked with a high external surface area.
食用油在高温下发生裂解,形成有价值的低分子量化学物质。目前研究的目的是找到一种催化剂,它可以在较低的温度范围内破坏这些重分子。从分析的角度来看,不凝烃(气态产物种类)没有确定,反应研究是在间歇反应器中进行的。在没有催化剂的情况下,在450°C的温度下没有明显的转化,而反应混合物在间歇式反应器中长时间放置一小时。系统地检查了反应参数,如催化剂类型(ZnO和Al2O3)、催化剂的量、反应温度、停留或保持时间以及达到反应温度的加热速率。使用XRD、EDX和氮吸附等温线对粉末形式的催化剂样品(ZnO和Al2O3)进行了表征。在ZnO催化剂上研究的温度分别为400°C、425°C、450°C、475°C和500°C。在450°C的温度下,最大油转化率为81%。我们观察到,转化率从400°C增加到450°C,而在450°C以上,转化率开始下降。然而,与ZnO催化剂相比,反应速率比Al2O3高得多,即在较低的温度范围内发生了相当大的转化。因此,这里使用了一组不同的温度(330°C、370°C、390°C、410°C和430°C)。当在390°C的温度下反应一小时,并且在8wt.%的Al2O3(在ZnO反应系统中使用相同的催化剂质量)的存在下,转化率达到71%。在390°C以上,转化率降低。在两种测试的金属氧化物催化剂上,液体产品种类的热值、密度、闪点和运动粘度与石油燃料相似。催化剂样品的XRD和EDX特征对应于标准ZnO和Al2O3图案。最后,与ZnO相比,Al2O3催化剂上更好的活性(在较低温度下更高的转化率)可以与高的外表面积联系在一起。
{"title":"A Comparison Study of the Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Conversion of Used Cooking Oil into High Grade Chemicals","authors":"Wali Ullah, N. A. Khan, N. H. Syed, M. Habib","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.15","url":null,"abstract":"Cracking of edible oils occurs at high temperature and forms valued low molecular weight chemical species. The aim of the current study was to find a catalyst which can break these heavy molecules at the lower ranges of temperatures. From the analysis prospective, the non-condensable hydrocarbons (gaseous product species) were not determined and reactions study was carried out in a batch reactor. There was no evident conversion up to a temperature of 450 °C in the absence of catalyst whereas the reaction mixture was left inside a batch reactor for a long duration of an hour. Reaction parameters, such as catalyst types (ZnO and Al2O3), amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, residence or holding time, and heating rate to reach a reaction temperature were systematically examined. Powdered form of catalyst samples (ZnO and Al2O3) were characterized by using XRD, EDX, and Nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Temperatures studied over ZnO catalyst were 400 °C, 425 °C, 450 °C, 475 °C, and 500 °C. The maximum oil conversion was 81 % at a temperature of 450 °C. We observed that the conversion increases from 400 °C to 450 °C, whereas above 450 °C it starts to decrease. However, in comparison to ZnO catalyst the reaction rate was much higher over the Al2O3, i.e. a considerable conversion occurred at lower ranges of temperatures. Thus here a different set of temperatures (330 °C, 370 °C, 390 °C, 410 °C, and 430°C) were used. When reacting for an hour at a temperature of 390 °C, and in the presence of 8 wt.% of Al2O3 (same catalyst mass was used in ZnO reacting system) the conversion reached to 71 %. Above 390 °C the conversion decreased. Over both tested metal oxide catalysts the caloric value, density, flash point, and kinematic viscosity of the liquid product species were similar to petro fuels. The XRD and EDX signature of the catalyst samples corresponds to the standard ZnO and Al2O3 patterns. Finally, when compared to ZnO the better activity over the Al2O3 (higher conversion at lower temperature) catalyst can be linked with a high external surface area.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44531452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highly Selective Purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanin Based on Macroporous Resins 基于大孔树脂高选择性纯化亚洲青花苷
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.06
F. Talpur
In the present study, enactments and separation characteristics of five extensively utilized adsorbents for enhancement and purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanins (ACNs) extracts were analysed. Among five tested resins (AB-8, Sepabeads Sp-700, C18SPE Cartridge, Sepabeads Sp-207 and AB-80), AB-8 resin exhibited the best adsorbent ability for Grewia asiatica ACNs (84.24mg/mL resin). Results of static adsorption tests revealed that AB-8 resin selected for kinetics and isotherm experiments followed a pseudo 2nd order model along with Langmuir isotherm. In order to improve operational procedure, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were done on a packed column of AB-8 resin. Optimum factors for subsequent adsorption-desorption experiments; processing volume 20ml, flow rate 2 mL/min with elution solvent of acidified methanol (1%v/v) were used. HPLC and LC-MS/MS profiles of the purified extract confirmed seven ACNs in Grewia asiatica samples, out of which cyanidin-3-O-(6"acetylglucoside) comprises 44-63% (695 μg/g) of total ACNs composition. Moreover, pigment purification using AB-8 resin did not alter ACNs mixture composition after purification but enhance the peak intensity and gives effective purification. Hence present work reveals that the separation procedure established through column chromatography providing an effective methodology to enhance the purification of ACNs from Grewia asiatica.
本文分析了五种常用的吸附剂对青花花青素(ACNs)提取物的强化纯化作用及其分离特性。在5种树脂(AB-8、Sepabeads Sp-700、C18SPE Cartridge、Sepabeads Sp-207和AB-80)中,AB-8树脂对亚洲灰背虫ACNs的吸附性能最好(84.24mg/mL树脂)。静态吸附实验结果表明,选用的AB-8树脂符合Langmuir等温线和拟二阶吸附模型。为了改进操作流程,在AB-8树脂填充柱上进行了动态吸附和解吸实验。后续吸附-解吸实验的最佳因素;处理体积20ml,流速2ml /min,洗脱溶剂为酸化甲醇(1%v/v)。纯化提取物的HPLC和LC-MS/MS谱分析证实了7种acn的存在,其中花青素-3- o -(6′乙酰葡萄糖苷)占总acn成分的44-63% (695 μg/g)。此外,使用AB-8树脂进行颜料纯化,纯化后的ACNs混合物成分没有发生变化,反而增强了峰值强度,达到了有效的纯化效果。因此,本研究表明,通过柱层析法建立的分离方法为提高亚洲菜acn的纯化提供了一种有效的方法。
{"title":"Highly Selective Purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanin Based on Macroporous Resins","authors":"F. Talpur","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, enactments and separation characteristics of five extensively utilized adsorbents for enhancement and purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanins (ACNs) extracts were analysed. Among five tested resins (AB-8, Sepabeads Sp-700, C18SPE Cartridge, Sepabeads Sp-207 and AB-80), AB-8 resin exhibited the best adsorbent ability for Grewia asiatica ACNs (84.24mg/mL resin). Results of static adsorption tests revealed that AB-8 resin selected for kinetics and isotherm experiments followed a pseudo 2nd order model along with Langmuir isotherm. In order to improve operational procedure, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were done on a packed column of AB-8 resin. Optimum factors for subsequent adsorption-desorption experiments; processing volume 20ml, flow rate 2 mL/min with elution solvent of acidified methanol (1%v/v) were used. HPLC and LC-MS/MS profiles of the purified extract confirmed seven ACNs in Grewia asiatica samples, out of which cyanidin-3-O-(6\"acetylglucoside) comprises 44-63% (695 μg/g) of total ACNs composition. Moreover, pigment purification using AB-8 resin did not alter ACNs mixture composition after purification but enhance the peak intensity and gives effective purification. Hence present work reveals that the separation procedure established through column chromatography providing an effective methodology to enhance the purification of ACNs from Grewia asiatica.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46851789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Determination of Zinc Content in Commercial Toothpaste Samples in Nigeria by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method 原子吸收分光光度法测定尼日利亚商品牙膏样品中锌含量
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.16
M. Agbo
Zinc as its citrate or sulphate salt is added to some toothpaste as a bactericide to reduce the presence of bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria can form plaque or produce acids which cause dental decay and halitosis. Zinc salt is added at amounts which are enough to show activity against oral bacteria without causing toxicity to the user. Five commercial samples of different brands of toothpaste (TP-A, TP-B, TP-C, TP-D and TP-E) were purchased from different pharmacy stores in Ogige and Eko markets, Nigeria and analysed for the presence of zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The samples were digested with deionized water and HNO3, centrifuged and filtered. The absorbance of the supernatants obtained was read with a spectrophotometer. Calibration curves for zinc sulphate and zinc citrate were obtained with regression (R2) values of 0.9992 and 0.9973, respectively. The equation obtained from the curves used in determining the content of zinc in the samples. The zinc content (% w/w) of samples was determined to be 0.8467%, 0.8127%, 0.0119%, 0.0188% and 0.0305%, respectively. These values were well below the maximum permissible level of zinc in toothpaste samples but were within the upper limit for daily zinc intake.
锌作为柠檬酸盐或硫酸盐被添加到一些牙膏中作为杀菌剂,以减少口腔中细菌的存在。这些细菌可以形成牙菌斑或产生酸,从而导致蛀牙和口臭。锌盐的添加量足以显示对口腔细菌的活性而不会对使用者造成毒性。从尼日利亚Oige和Eko市场的不同药店购买了五种不同品牌牙膏的商业样品(TP-A、TP-B、TP-C、TP-D和TP-E),并使用原子吸收分光光度法分析了锌的存在。用去离子水和HNO3消化样品,离心并过滤。用分光光度计读取所获得的上清液的吸光度。获得了硫酸锌和柠檬酸锌的校准曲线,回归(R2)值分别为0.9992和0.9973。从用于测定样品中锌含量的曲线中获得的方程式。样品的锌含量(%w/w)分别为0.8467%、0.8127%、0.0119%、0.0188%和0.0305%。这些值远低于牙膏样品中锌的最大允许水平,但在每日锌摄入量的上限范围内。
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引用次数: 0
Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Dynamic Separation of Magnesium and CalciumIons from Industrial Wastewater by New Strong Acid Cation Resin of SPVC 新型强酸性阳离子树脂SPVC对工业废水中镁、钙离子的吸附平衡、动力学、热力学及动态分离
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.13
E. Berdimurodov
In the research work, the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and dynamic separation of magnesium and calcium ions from industrial wastewater by new strong acid cation resin of SPVC (sulphonated polyvinylchloride) were investigated. The sorption capacity of the studied resin was 3.78 mmol/g and 3.74 mmol/g for magnesium and calcium ions, respectively, according to Langmuir isotherm. It was found that the pseudo−first−order model was better fitted for the adsorption kinetics of magnesium and calcium ions on the resin. The dynamic separation results confirmed that the selected resin effectively separated magnesium and calcium ions from industrial wastewater in the dynamic condition. The change of the standard Gibbs free energy (G) and enthalpy (H), and entropy (S) were calculated. The obtained results confirmed that the adsorption of magnesium and calcium ions on the selected resin is endothermic.
研究了新型强酸阳离子树脂磺化聚氯乙烯(SPVC)对工业废水中镁、钙离子的吸附平衡、动力学、热力学和动态分离。根据Langmuir等温线,树脂对镁离子和钙离子的吸附量分别为3.78 mmol/g和3.74 mmol/g。结果表明,拟一阶模型更适合于镁离子和钙离子在树脂上的吸附动力学。动态分离结果证实了所选树脂在动态条件下能有效分离工业废水中的镁离子和钙离子。计算了标准吉布斯自由能(G)、焓(H)和熵(S)的变化。所得结果证实了所选树脂对镁离子和钙离子的吸热吸附。
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引用次数: 5
Determination of Lisinopril in Pure and Tablet form by Using 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde as Derivatizing Reagent 2-羟乙醛衍生试剂测定赖诺普利的纯度和片剂含量
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.12
Zahid Ali Zounr
An easy, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Lisinopril (LNP) in pure and tablet formulations based on derivatization reaction with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde (2HNA). The derivatization reaction was carried out in methanol solvent at pH-5.5 at 95±2C for 15 min. The linear calibration curve was obtained that obeyed the Beer’s law within the concentration range 5-50 μgmL-1 of LNP at 433 nm with a coefficient of determination R²=0.996. The recovery was in the range from 98.25-101.82 with molar absorptivity of drug 9×103 mole-1cm-1. The method was accurate and precise (intra-day variation 0.05-0.97% and inter-day 0.07-1.6%), with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.264 μgmL-1 and 0.8 μgmL-1, respectively. No interferences from the excipients were detected. The method was applied for the rapid analysis of LNP in pharmaceutical products.
建立了一种简单、灵敏、准确的基于2-羟基萘乙醛(2HNA)衍生化反应的分光光度法测定莱诺普利(LNP)纯制剂和片剂含量的方法。在pH-5.5的甲醇溶剂中,在95±2的频率下进行衍生化反应,反应时间为15 min。得到LNP在433 nm的浓度范围5 ~ 50 μgmL-1内符合比尔定律的线性标定曲线,测定系数R²=0.996。加样回收率为98.25 ~ 101.82,药物的摩尔吸光度为9×103 mol -1cm-1。方法准确、精密度高(日内变化0.05 ~ 0.97%,日内变化0.07 ~ 1.6%),检测限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.264 μgmL-1和0.8 μgmL-1。未检测到辅料的干扰。该方法可用于药品中LNP的快速分析。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of the Shitalakhya River, Bangladesh 孟加拉国Shitalakhya河沉积物中重金属污染的评估
IF 0.6 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.10
A. Al-Razee, N. Abser, A. Mottalib, A. Nargis, Anowara Khanam Jhumur, Mostak Uddin Thakur, Wenbin Liu, Sandeep Poddar, S. Sarker, A. Habib
Sediment samples collected from the river Shitalakhya, Bangladesh, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to investigate site-to-site (spatial) and seasonal (i.e., dry, premonsoon, post-monsoon) variation of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn. The mean concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn were 22.37 ± 6.09, 612.59 ± 160.08, 54.11 ± 11.21, 50.36 ± 9.40 and 103.62 ± 62.74 mg/kg in the dry, 31.58 ± 5.22, 569.71 ± 112.16, 58.35 ± 7.82, 49.93 ± 17.36 and 110.88 ± 95.83 mg/kg in the pre-monsoon and 18.09± 6.32, 567.02 ± 115.55, 50.89 ± 6.58, 39.75 ± 4.56 and 55.22 ± 11.33 mg/kg in the post-monsoon, respectively. Based on the metals’ concentrations, no considerable difference was observed among the three seasons, but the concentrations were slightly elevated in the dry and pre-monsoon compared to that in the post-monsoon with respect to site-to-site variation. Among the metals examined, concentrations of Ni and Cu were elevated because of the use of oxides of these heavy metals as catalysts in the ammonia plant. The following statistical indices i.e., Pearson correlation matrix, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk potential (RI) factors were taken into account to assess the heavy metals contamination of the sediments. According to the values of the statistical indices for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn, it is concluded that the study area was with low contamination while concentrations of Ni and Cu were higher than the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) values suggesting unsafe to use the sediments for vegetation and other uses.
采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)技术对孟加拉国Shitalakhya河沉积物样品进行了分析,研究了Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn在不同地点(空间)和季节(干旱、季风前、季风后)的变化。干燥期Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn的平均浓度分别为22.37±6.09、612.59±160.08、54.11±11.21、50.36±9.40、103.62±62.74 mg/kg,季风前期为31.58±5.22、569.71±112.16、58.35±7.82、49.93±17.36、110.88±95.83 mg/kg,季风后期为18.09±6.32、567.02±115.55、50.89±6.58、39.75±4.56、55.22±11.33 mg/kg。3个季节的金属含量差异不大,但在干旱期和季风前,各站点的金属含量比季风后略有升高。在所检测的金属中,镍和铜的浓度升高是因为在氨厂使用了这些重金属的氧化物作为催化剂。采用Pearson相关矩阵、地质累积指数(Igeo)、污染因子(Cf)、污染程度(Cd)、污染负荷指数(PLI)和生态风险潜力因子(RI)等统计指标对沉积物重金属污染进行评价。根据Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn的统计指标值,认为研究区污染程度较低,但Ni和Cu的浓度高于阈值效应水平(TEL)和毒性参考值(TRV),不宜用于植被和其他用途。
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Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry
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