Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.06
M. K. Soothar, S. M. Bhatti, M. Saleem, I. Rajpar, N. Depar, M. Subhopoto
In recent years, many studies have been devoted to investigating consequence of wastewater usage in irrigation. Herein, assessment of wastewater irrigated rice crop (selected rice cultivars such as, Shandar, Shua-92 and Sarshar) irrigated water and cultivating soil samples of Tandojam, Hyderabad city and its vicinity were selected for analysis. In this study, pH, EC, Na+, K+ and Cl- ions were observed for wastewater, irrigated rice cultivars and soil, and compared with canal water irrigated rice cultivars and soil. The application of wastewater resulted an increase in Na+, K+ and Cl- concentration in rice cultivars tissues as compared to canal water rice cultivar. The obtained results have shown that wastewater is not suitable for edible crops like, rice irrigation, due to high alkaline pH, EC value, and higher K+, Na+ and Cl- ions concentration in this water.
{"title":"Assessment of K+, Na+and Cl-Content in Rice Tissues and Soil Irrigated With Wastewater","authors":"M. K. Soothar, S. M. Bhatti, M. Saleem, I. Rajpar, N. Depar, M. Subhopoto","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.06","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many studies have been devoted to investigating consequence of wastewater usage in irrigation. Herein, assessment of wastewater irrigated rice crop (selected rice cultivars such as, Shandar, Shua-92 and Sarshar) irrigated water and cultivating soil samples of Tandojam, Hyderabad city and its vicinity were selected for analysis. In this study, pH, EC, Na+, K+ and Cl- ions were observed for wastewater, irrigated rice cultivars and soil, and compared with canal water irrigated rice cultivars and soil. The application of wastewater resulted an increase in Na+, K+ and Cl- concentration in rice cultivars tissues as compared to canal water rice cultivar. The obtained results have shown that wastewater is not suitable for edible crops like, rice irrigation, due to high alkaline pH, EC value, and higher K+, Na+ and Cl- ions concentration in this water.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.08
M. Sarfraz, N. Sultana, M. Jamil
Water quality has considerable impact on public health especially in areas where access to safe drinking water is very difficult. Keeping in view, drinking water quality in rural areas of district, Jaffarabad was assessed by evaluating 50 groundwater and 25 surface water samples for various physicochemical parameters (color, odour, taste, conductivity, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness and TDS), metallic elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and As) and microbiological organisms (total coliform and faecal coliform) employing standard methods. Analysis data revealed high level of microbial contamination as 62 and 84% water samples contained total coliform and 58 and 80% samples were having faecal coliform in groundwater and surface water samples, respectively. On the other hand 12, 36, 44, 14, 50 & 32% and 84, 32, 32, 20, 44 & 60% water samples were having higher turbidity, hardness, TDS, Cl-, SO4-2 and Fe in ground and surface water samples respectively. Health risk assessment data due to high content of Fe and As showed that mean chronic daily intake (CDI) and health risk index (HRI) for As was higher than Fe in both surface and groundwater samples, whereas calculated HRI for all water samples is less than 1. Other than this, CDI and HRI values for Fe in surface water samples are higher than groundwater samples.
{"title":"Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Rural Areas of District Jaffarabad, Baluchistan (Pakistan)","authors":"M. Sarfraz, N. Sultana, M. Jamil","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.08","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality has considerable impact on public health especially in areas where access to safe drinking water is very difficult. Keeping in view, drinking water quality in rural areas of district, Jaffarabad was assessed by evaluating 50 groundwater and 25 surface water samples for various physicochemical parameters (color, odour, taste, conductivity, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness and TDS), metallic elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and As) and microbiological organisms (total coliform and faecal coliform) employing standard methods. Analysis data revealed high level of microbial contamination as 62 and 84% water samples contained total coliform and 58 and 80% samples were having faecal coliform in groundwater and surface water samples, respectively. On the other hand 12, 36, 44, 14, 50 & 32% and 84, 32, 32, 20, 44 & 60% water samples were having higher turbidity, hardness, TDS, Cl-, SO4-2 and Fe in ground and surface water samples respectively. Health risk assessment data due to high content of Fe and As showed that mean chronic daily intake (CDI) and health risk index (HRI) for As was higher than Fe in both surface and groundwater samples, whereas calculated HRI for all water samples is less than 1. Other than this, CDI and HRI values for Fe in surface water samples are higher than groundwater samples.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43903175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.10
N. Zahra, Q. Syed, I. Kalim, Z. Khurshid, I. Ahmad, M. Saeed
Acrylamide, a starchy food process contaminant is carcinogenic, neurotoxic and genotoxic substance. It is formed at temperatures of 100°C- 220°C. The chips are very popular food items especially among children. Deep Frying of chips may cause production of acrylamide. The presence of acrylamide in chips may result in severe health issues in consumers especially in children. By keeping this aspect in view, the present study was conducted to determine acrylamide in different potato chips of branded and non-branded quality. The highest amount of acrylamide was determined in chips sample K obtained from local store (nonbranded) in Lahore i.e. 2649.80 µg/kg and the lowest concentration of acrylamide was detected in sample taken from local vendor i.e. 390.25 µg/kg. The astounding results were obtained as branded chips have considerable amount of acrylamide. Formation of acrylamide in fried chips is matter of concern as potato chips are widely consumed in Pakistan especially by children. It is dire need to have awareness of this probable carcinogen as consumers and industries still have no knowledge about this chemical’s carcinogenity. Therefore, without delay work should be started to mitigate the acrylamide levels in food commodities during processing
{"title":"Determination of Acrylamide in Branded and Non-branded Potato Chips by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"N. Zahra, Q. Syed, I. Kalim, Z. Khurshid, I. Ahmad, M. Saeed","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.10","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide, a starchy food process contaminant is carcinogenic, neurotoxic and genotoxic substance. It is formed at temperatures of 100°C- 220°C. The chips are very popular food items especially among children. Deep Frying of chips may cause production of acrylamide. The presence of acrylamide in chips may result in severe health issues in consumers especially in children. By keeping this aspect in view, the present study was conducted to determine acrylamide in different potato chips of branded and non-branded quality. The highest amount of acrylamide was determined in chips sample K obtained from local store (nonbranded) in Lahore i.e. 2649.80 µg/kg and the lowest concentration of acrylamide was detected in sample taken from local vendor i.e. 390.25 µg/kg. The astounding results were obtained as branded chips have considerable amount of acrylamide. Formation of acrylamide in fried chips is matter of concern as potato chips are widely consumed in Pakistan especially by children. It is dire need to have awareness of this probable carcinogen as consumers and industries still have no knowledge about this chemical’s carcinogenity. Therefore, without delay work should be started to mitigate the acrylamide levels in food commodities during processing","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.09
D. Solangi, N. Channa, N. Memon, A. Awan, Nadir Ali Shah, A. Ansari, J. K. Turk
Present study was carried out to analyze quantitatively the blood parameters of Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia (TDT) patients. A total number of seventy one (n=71) TDT patients aged 04 to 26 years were selected from Fatimid foundation center, Hyderabad from June 2015 to May 2016 and eighty four (n=84) control subjects (age, gender and locality matched persons with negative personal and family history of thalassemia) were included in this study. Blood sample of 5mL was collected from each participant to analyze white blood cells (WBC); total leukocytes counts (TLC); red blood cells (RBC); mean corpuscular value (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT). All the patients and control subjects were interviewed through a standard questionnaire specially developed to study their life style and dietary habits. The collected data from TDT patients and control subjects was statistically analyzed by using p<0.05 as statistically significant variation between two groups. Results revealed significantly decreased levels of HCT, MCV, MCH and platelets in TDT patients as compared to control subjects. All TDT patients were frequentlyundergoing blood transfusion within the age groups.
{"title":"Blood Chemistry (Hematology)of Transfusion Dependent Beta Thalassemia Patients at Hyderabad and Adjoining Areas","authors":"D. Solangi, N. Channa, N. Memon, A. Awan, Nadir Ali Shah, A. Ansari, J. K. Turk","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.09","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was carried out to analyze quantitatively the blood parameters of Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia (TDT) patients. A total number of seventy one (n=71) TDT patients aged 04 to 26 years were selected from Fatimid foundation center, Hyderabad from June 2015 to May 2016 and eighty four (n=84) control subjects (age, gender and locality matched persons with negative personal and family history of thalassemia) were included in this study. Blood sample of 5mL was collected from each participant to analyze white blood cells (WBC); total leukocytes counts (TLC); red blood cells (RBC); mean corpuscular value (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT). All the patients and control subjects were interviewed through a standard questionnaire specially developed to study their life style and dietary habits. The collected data from TDT patients and control subjects was statistically analyzed by using p<0.05 as statistically significant variation between two groups. Results revealed significantly decreased levels of HCT, MCV, MCH and platelets in TDT patients as compared to control subjects. All TDT patients were frequentlyundergoing blood transfusion within the age groups.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42104040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.07
A. Itodo, R. Sha’Ato, M. I. Arowojolu
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in soils of Loda-Irele (geographical coordinate 6°29'0″N 4°52'0″E), Nigeria. Soxhlet extraction technique was used for soil PAH extraction using dichloromethane as extracting solvent. PAHs in the samples are estimated using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The PAH concentrations were higher than 110 ppb in most samples, pointing to anthropogenic and petrogenic sources of the pollutants. Most PAH concentrations fall within the expected limits for a rural environment and below the threshold limit. However, 12.08 and14.68 ppb for Benzo(e)pyrene and 5.62 ppb for Indenol (1, 2, 3 – cd) pyrene exceeded the expected limit. Dominating 4 - 6 ring PAHs showed the PAHs were from pyrolytic sources. The concentrations of PAHs are not significant (p>0.05) compared to maximum allowable concentrations in soils.
{"title":"Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil Samples from Regions Around Loda-Irele Bitumen Field, Nigeria","authors":"A. Itodo, R. Sha’Ato, M. I. Arowojolu","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.07","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in soils of Loda-Irele (geographical coordinate 6°29'0″N 4°52'0″E), Nigeria. Soxhlet extraction technique was used for soil PAH extraction using dichloromethane as extracting solvent. PAHs in the samples are estimated using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The PAH concentrations were higher than 110 ppb in most samples, pointing to anthropogenic and petrogenic sources of the pollutants. Most PAH concentrations fall within the expected limits for a rural environment and below the threshold limit. However, 12.08 and14.68 ppb for Benzo(e)pyrene and 5.62 ppb for Indenol (1, 2, 3 – cd) pyrene exceeded the expected limit. Dominating 4 - 6 ring PAHs showed the PAHs were from pyrolytic sources. The concentrations of PAHs are not significant (p>0.05) compared to maximum allowable concentrations in soils.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43622063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.01
K. Adegoke, M. Iqbal, H. Louis, S. Jan, A. Mateen, O. S. Bello
Authors acknowledge the support obtained from The World Academy of Science (TWAS) in form of Research grants; Research Grant number: 11-249 RG/CHE/AF/AC_1_UNESCO FR: 3240262674 (2012), 15-181 RG/CHE/AF/AC_1_: 3240287083 (2015), 2016 TETFund Institution Based Research Intervention and NRF-TWAS for Doctoral Fellowship programme awarded to the first author (UID:105453 & Reference: SFH160618172220) respectively.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2Using ZnOSemiconductor by Hydrothermal Method","authors":"K. Adegoke, M. Iqbal, H. Louis, S. Jan, A. Mateen, O. S. Bello","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.01","url":null,"abstract":"Authors acknowledge the support obtained \u0000from The World Academy of Science (TWAS) in \u0000form of Research grants; Research Grant number: \u000011-249 RG/CHE/AF/AC_1_UNESCO FR: 3240262674 (2012), 15-181 RG/CHE/AF/AC_1_: \u00003240287083 (2015), 2016 TETFund Institution \u0000Based Research Intervention and NRF-TWAS for \u0000Doctoral Fellowship programme awarded to the \u0000first author (UID:105453 & Reference: \u0000SFH160618172220) respectively.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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