Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2425493
Ali A Rabaan, Amer Alshengeti, Hayam A Alrasheed, Maha F Al-Subaie, Maha H Aljohani, Yahya A Almutawif, Amjad A Yousuf, Shahab A Alsuliman, Jumana M Al-Jishi, Fareed Almalki, Maha A Alshiekheid, Hejji E Alahmed, Ameen M Alramadan, Safaa Abdulrahman Turkistani, Khalid Hajissa
Dengue virus (DENV) remains one of the most common arboviral infections threatening humans. This study was conducted to systematically review the available literature and provide an updated overview of the overall prevalence of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence data was pooled from 21,891 participants recruited in 17 studies. Using random-effects model, the overall prevalence of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia was calculated as 30.8% (95% CI: 20.8-49.8%). The pooled IgM and IgG seroprevalence rates were 17.7% and 26.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the detection of DENV-NS1 antigen and viral RNA revealed pooled estimates of 16.4% and 37.0%, respectively. This study reports a relatively high burden of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this SRMA provide valuable information on the epidemiology of DENV infections in the country, highlighting the need for additional epidemiological investigations to assess the current situation of DENV infection in the country.
{"title":"Dengue virus infection in Saudi Arabia from 2003 to 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ali A Rabaan, Amer Alshengeti, Hayam A Alrasheed, Maha F Al-Subaie, Maha H Aljohani, Yahya A Almutawif, Amjad A Yousuf, Shahab A Alsuliman, Jumana M Al-Jishi, Fareed Almalki, Maha A Alshiekheid, Hejji E Alahmed, Ameen M Alramadan, Safaa Abdulrahman Turkistani, Khalid Hajissa","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2425493","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2425493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus (DENV) remains one of the most common arboviral infections threatening humans. This study was conducted to systematically review the available literature and provide an updated overview of the overall prevalence of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence data was pooled from 21,891 participants recruited in 17 studies. Using random-effects model, the overall prevalence of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia was calculated as 30.8% (95% CI: 20.8-49.8%). The pooled IgM and IgG seroprevalence rates were 17.7% and 26.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the detection of DENV-NS1 antigen and viral RNA revealed pooled estimates of 16.4% and 37.0%, respectively. This study reports a relatively high burden of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this SRMA provide valuable information on the epidemiology of DENV infections in the country, highlighting the need for additional epidemiological investigations to assess the current situation of DENV infection in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever poses a critical public health problem due to the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella, resulting in prolonged illness and treatment failure. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the most predominant among all serotypes and can acquire resistance. The emergence of XDR Salmonella in various regions globally, particularly Pakistan, presents a concerning trend. However, limited data availability impedes a comprehensive understanding of the outbreaks and hinders the development of real-time solutions. Here, we have provided an updated overview of the current outbreaks of XDR Salmonella in epidemic and endemic regions. Treatments of XDR Salmonella infections are challenging, as there are records of treatment failure in humans and animals. However, intensive prevention techniques can be implemented pending the advent of novel antibiotics. Emphasis on antimicrobial stewardship and frequent surveillance of the pathogen should be made to keep track of potential outbreaks in both human and animal populations. Although progress is being made to combat XDR Salmonella within some regions, a unified and efficient effort on an international scale is required to curtail the XDR outbreak before it escalates and leads us back to the pre-antibiotic era.
{"title":"Combatting extensively drug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i>: a global perspective on outbreaks, impacts, and control strategies.","authors":"Aisha Bisola Bello, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Ibrahim Idris, Godfred Yawson Scott, Suleiman Alfa, Favour Akinfemi Ajibade","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2416864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2416864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever poses a critical public health problem due to the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>Salmonella</i>, resulting in prolonged illness and treatment failure. <i>Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi</i> is the most predominant among all serotypes and can acquire resistance. The emergence of XDR <i>Salmonella</i> in various regions globally, particularly Pakistan, presents a concerning trend. However, limited data availability impedes a comprehensive understanding of the outbreaks and hinders the development of real-time solutions. Here, we have provided an updated overview of the current outbreaks of XDR <i>Salmonella</i> in epidemic and endemic regions. Treatments of XDR <i>Salmonella</i> infections are challenging, as there are records of treatment failure in humans and animals. However, intensive prevention techniques can be implemented pending the advent of novel antibiotics. Emphasis on antimicrobial stewardship and frequent surveillance of the pathogen should be made to keep track of potential outbreaks in both human and animal populations. Although progress is being made to combat XDR <i>Salmonella</i> within some regions, a unified and efficient effort on an international scale is required to curtail the XDR outbreak before it escalates and leads us back to the pre-antibiotic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG is often used as a diagnostic test for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), but few studies have evaluated the performance and serology of IgGs from species other than A. fumigatus. In this study, we evaluated the serology and performance of different Aspergillus species-specific IgG antibodies in patients with CPA and at-risk populations and whether different Aspergillus species-specific IgGs could be of clinical utility and aid in the diagnosis of CPA caused by all Aspergillus species. A total of 187 participants were included between 2020 and 2022 (12 with CPA, 75 with old tuberculosis [TB], 45 with active TB and 55 with bronchiectasis). We measured the serum Aspergillus fumigatus, flavus, terreus, niger-specific, and mixed Aspergillus IgG levels (Phadia ImmunoCap). The correlation was the strongest between A. fumigatus and A. niger (Spearman's rank: 0.940), followed by A. niger and A. flavus (Spearman's rank: 0.915). A. terreus-specific IgG was less strongly correlated with the other three Aspergillus species-specific IgG (Spearman's rank: 0.828-0.849). A. flavus (4 of 6, 67%) was the dominant species. Using the at-least-one-positive approach, the highest performance was obtained when A. fumigatus and A. flavus IgGs were used (sensitivity, 0.75; specificity, 0.84). Significant cross-reactivity exists among different Aspergillus-species IgGs although the correlation may be less significant for A. terreus. In addition to the commonly used A. fumigatus IgG test, IgGs specific to local prevalent Aspergillus species may provide additional clinical utility.
{"title":"Clinical applications of immunoglobulin G against different individual <i>Aspergillus</i> species for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis among at-risk populations.","authors":"Li-Ta Keng, Chen-Chieh Lin, Chang-Wei Wu, Chia-Jung Liu, Lih-Yu Chang, Meng-Rui Lee, Jung-Yueh Chen, Jann-Yuan Wang","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2424489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2424489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>-specific IgG is often used as a diagnostic test for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), but few studies have evaluated the performance and serology of IgGs from species other than <i>A. fumigatus</i>. In this study, we evaluated the serology and performance of different <i>Aspergillus</i> species-specific IgG antibodies in patients with CPA and at-risk populations and whether different <i>Aspergillus</i> species-specific IgGs could be of clinical utility and aid in the diagnosis of CPA caused by all <i>Aspergillus species</i>. A total of 187 participants were included between 2020 and 2022 (12 with CPA, 75 with old tuberculosis [TB], 45 with active TB and 55 with bronchiectasis). We measured the serum <i>Aspergillus fumigatus, flavus, terreus</i>, <i>niger</i>-specific, and mixed <i>Aspergillus</i> IgG levels (Phadia ImmunoCap). The correlation was the strongest between <i>A. fumigatus</i> and <i>A. niger</i> (Spearman's rank: 0.940), followed by <i>A. niger</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> (Spearman's rank: 0.915). <i>A. terreus</i>-specific IgG was less strongly correlated with the other three <i>Aspergillus</i> species-specific IgG (Spearman's rank: 0.828-0.849). <i>A. flavus</i> (4 of 6, 67%) was the dominant species. Using the at-least-one-positive approach, the highest performance was obtained when <i>A. fumigatus</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> IgGs were used (sensitivity, 0.75; specificity, 0.84). Significant cross-reactivity exists among different <i>Aspergillus-</i>species IgGs although the correlation may be less significant for <i>A. terreus</i>. In addition to the commonly used <i>A. fumigatus</i> IgG test, IgGs specific to local prevalent <i>Aspergillus</i> species may provide additional clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2400033
Lara-Cano R, Castañeda-Méndez P F, Uribe-Esquivel M, Barbero-Becerra V J
Hepatic schistosomiasis is a neglected parasitosis that affects millions of people each year worldwide and leads to high healthcare costs and increased morbidity and mortality in infected humans. It is a disease that has been widely studied in terms of its pathophysiology; therefore, the signaling pathways that lead to liver damage, with the consequent development of liver fibrosis, are now better understood. Research has elucidated the role of soluble egg antigen in the development of hepatic granulomas and liver fibrosis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and its participation in liver damage, the role of heat shock protein 47 and its involvement in liver fibrosis, the anti-inflammatory effects caused by interleukin-37, and the role of natural killer and natural killer T cells in the development of the disease. Hepatic schistosomiasis can range from simple hepatomegaly to the development of portal hypertension combined with hepatic fibrosis. For diagnostic purposes, a microscopic examination of excreta remains the gold standard; however, abdominal ultrasound has recently taken on an important role in the assessment of liver lesions produced by the parasite. Praziquantel is considered the management drug of choice, and has been associated with a potential preventive antifibrotic effect.
肝血吸虫病是一种被忽视的寄生虫病,每年影响全球数百万人,导致高昂的医疗费用以及受感染者发病率和死亡率的增加。人们已对这种疾病的病理生理学进行了广泛研究;因此,现在人们对导致肝损伤并进而发展为肝纤维化的信号通路有了更深入的了解。研究阐明了可溶性卵抗原在肝肉芽肿和肝纤维化发展中的作用、转录信号转导和激活因子 3 及其在肝损伤中的参与、热休克蛋白 47 的作用及其在肝纤维化中的参与、白细胞介素-37 的抗炎作用以及自然杀伤细胞和自然杀伤 T 细胞在疾病发展中的作用。肝血吸虫病可从单纯的肝肿大发展到门静脉高压合并肝纤维化。就诊断而言,对排泄物进行显微镜检查仍是金标准;但最近,腹部超声波在评估寄生虫引起的肝脏病变方面发挥了重要作用。吡喹酮被认为是首选的治疗药物,具有潜在的预防性抗纤维化作用。
{"title":"Hepatic schistosomiasis as a determining factor in the development of hepatic granulomas and liver fibrosis: a review of the current literature.","authors":"Lara-Cano R, Castañeda-Méndez P F, Uribe-Esquivel M, Barbero-Becerra V J","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2400033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic schistosomiasis is a neglected parasitosis that affects millions of people each year worldwide and leads to high healthcare costs and increased morbidity and mortality in infected humans. It is a disease that has been widely studied in terms of its pathophysiology; therefore, the signaling pathways that lead to liver damage, with the consequent development of liver fibrosis, are now better understood. Research has elucidated the role of soluble egg antigen in the development of hepatic granulomas and liver fibrosis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and its participation in liver damage, the role of heat shock protein 47 and its involvement in liver fibrosis, the anti-inflammatory effects caused by interleukin-37, and the role of natural killer and natural killer T cells in the development of the disease. Hepatic schistosomiasis can range from simple hepatomegaly to the development of portal hypertension combined with hepatic fibrosis. For diagnostic purposes, a microscopic examination of excreta remains the gold standard; however, abdominal ultrasound has recently taken on an important role in the assessment of liver lesions produced by the parasite. Praziquantel is considered the management drug of choice, and has been associated with a potential preventive antifibrotic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2401273
Pir Tariq Shah, Zhenyong Wu, Ruilan Ma, Chengjun Wu
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are widespread, sexually transmitted group of viruses that infect most individuals at some stage, causing genital warts and cancers. They are members of the Papillomav...
{"title":"Genetic diversity, variation and recombination among the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) genomes isolated in China: a comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis","authors":"Pir Tariq Shah, Zhenyong Wu, Ruilan Ma, Chengjun Wu","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2401273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2401273","url":null,"abstract":"Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are widespread, sexually transmitted group of viruses that infect most individuals at some stage, causing genital warts and cancers. They are members of the Papillomav...","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex comprises 20 species, from which B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis, and B. spielmanii are directly associated with Lyme bo...
严格意义上的勃氏包柔氏菌、巴伐利亚包柔氏菌和斯皮尔曼包柔氏菌与莱姆病直接相关。
{"title":"The first molecular record of Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, B. valaisiana, B. burgdorferi s.s. and B. bavariensis in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Lejla Ušanović, Lejla Lasić, Naris Pojskić, Dalila Destanović, Jasna Hanjalić Kurtović, Belma Kalamujić Stroil","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2399380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2399380","url":null,"abstract":"Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex comprises 20 species, from which B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis, and B. spielmanii are directly associated with Lyme bo...","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2400412
Ainun Nadzurah Binti Md Bahar, Anis Najwa Muhamad, Cindy Shuan Ju Teh, Mohamad Shafiq Adnan, Shah Adam, Shih Ying Hng, Kah Peng Eg, Anna Marie Nathan
Introduction and aim: In Malaysia, pertussis in children beyond infancy is underreported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis and the prevalence of pertussis-susceptible children aged ≥4 years who presented with acute respiratory infections.
Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department from 1 October 2022, to 31 January 2023, included children aged 4 years and older with ARTIs symptoms and excluded those who were COVID-19 positive. B. pertussis was detected via quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs and pertussis toxin (PT) IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Children (n = 298) with a median (Interquartile range, [IQR]) age of 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) years old were recruited, and 98% were vaccinated adequately. Two cases of B. pertussis (n = 2/298, 0.67%) were detected. Both children were also co-infected with Bordetella spp. The majority of the patients (n = 246/296, 83.1%) had low protective antibodies against pertussis (anti-PT IgG <5 IU/ml), and children 5 years and older were more likely to have lower anti-PT Ig G levels of <5 IU/ml (odds ratio 2.02 [95% CI 1.04,3.90]) compared to children 4 years old.
Conclusion: The prevalence of pertussis was low. However, there is significant waning immunity. Booster doses of pertussis vaccine should be given to all school-aged children.
{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> among children aged 4 years and above presenting with acute respiratory tract infection: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ainun Nadzurah Binti Md Bahar, Anis Najwa Muhamad, Cindy Shuan Ju Teh, Mohamad Shafiq Adnan, Shah Adam, Shih Ying Hng, Kah Peng Eg, Anna Marie Nathan","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2400412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aim: </strong>In Malaysia, pertussis in children beyond infancy is underreported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> and the prevalence of pertussis-susceptible children aged ≥4 years who presented with acute respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, cross-sectional study conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department from 1 October 2022, to 31 January 2023, included children aged 4 years and older with ARTIs symptoms and excluded those who were COVID-19 positive. <i>B. pertussis</i> was detected via quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs and pertussis toxin (PT) IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children (<i>n</i> = 298) with a median (Interquartile range, [IQR]) age of 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) years old were recruited, and 98% were vaccinated adequately. Two cases of <i>B. pertussis</i> (<i>n</i> = 2/298, 0.67%) were detected. Both children were also co-infected with <i>Bordetella spp</i>. The majority of the patients (<i>n</i> = 246/296, 83.1%) had low protective antibodies against pertussis (anti-PT IgG <5 IU/ml), and children 5 years and older were more likely to have lower anti-PT Ig G levels of <5 IU/ml (odds ratio 2.02 [95% CI 1.04,3.90]) compared to children 4 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of pertussis was low. However, there is significant waning immunity. Booster doses of pertussis vaccine should be given to all school-aged children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2400424
Chien-Yuan Huang, Shih-Bin Su, Kow-Tong Chen
Enterovirus (EV)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a significant public health issue worldwide, commonly occurring in children five years of age or younger. The leading causes of most HFMD cases are EVs, which are members of the Picornaviridae family. The typical clinical manifestations of EV-associated HFMD are febrile presentations with mucosal herpangina, oral ulcerations, and skin rashes on the hands and feet. The majority of HFMD cases resolve without consequence; however, a subset progresses to severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications, which can be fatal. In the past two decades, EV-associated HFMD has received significant attention. In this review, we organize published papers and provide updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, surveillance, and vaccine developments for EV-associated HFMD. The impact of EV-associated HFMD is increasing globally. Developing efficacious vaccines has become a priority for preventing EV infections without adequate treatment. Simultaneously, emerging EV infections (including EV-D68, EV-A71, Coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses) are increasing, highlighting the need to create a vigilant surveillance system for EV infections worldwide.
与肠道病毒(EV)相关的手足口病(HFMD)是全球范围内一个重要的公共卫生问题,通常发生在五岁或五岁以下的儿童身上。大多数手足口病病例的主要病原体是肠道病毒,它们属于皮科病毒科。EV 相关手足口病的典型临床表现是发热,伴有粘膜疱疹、口腔溃疡和手足皮疹。大多数手足口病病例可自行缓解,但也有一部分病例会发展为严重的神经系统和心肺并发症,甚至致命。在过去二十年中,与 EV 相关的手足口病受到了广泛关注。在这篇综述中,我们整理了已发表的论文,并提供了有关 EV 相关手足口病的流行病学、发病机制、监测和疫苗开发的最新信息。在全球范围内,EV 相关性手足口病的影响与日俱增。开发有效的疫苗已成为在没有适当治疗的情况下预防 EV 感染的当务之急。与此同时,新出现的 EV 感染(包括 EV-D68、EV-A71、柯萨奇病毒和埃可病毒)也在增加,这凸显了在全球范围内建立 EV 感染警惕性监测系统的必要性。
{"title":"A review of enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease: preventive strategies and the need for a global enterovirus surveillance network.","authors":"Chien-Yuan Huang, Shih-Bin Su, Kow-Tong Chen","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2400424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus (EV)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a significant public health issue worldwide, commonly occurring in children five years of age or younger. The leading causes of most HFMD cases are EVs, which are members of the <i>Picornaviridae</i> family. The typical clinical manifestations of EV-associated HFMD are febrile presentations with mucosal herpangina, oral ulcerations, and skin rashes on the hands and feet. The majority of HFMD cases resolve without consequence; however, a subset progresses to severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications, which can be fatal. In the past two decades, EV-associated HFMD has received significant attention. In this review, we organize published papers and provide updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, surveillance, and vaccine developments for EV-associated HFMD. The impact of EV-associated HFMD is increasing globally. Developing efficacious vaccines has become a priority for preventing EV infections without adequate treatment. Simultaneously, emerging EV infections (including EV-D68, EV-A71, Coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses) are increasing, highlighting the need to create a vigilant surveillance system for EV infections worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2392225
Murat Aydin, Nurten Nur Aydin, Esra Laloğlu
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease. YKL-40 (also known as chitinase-3-like-1 protein) is an acute phase protein released by various immune cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between YKL-40 level and the clinical course and prognosis of CCHF. The study included 78 patients who were admitted to our hospital between April 15 and 30 August 2022 and had a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for CCHF. The patients were divided into two groups, severe and non-severe. In addition, a control group consisting of 22 healthy people was established. Mean serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients than controls (106.8 ng/mL ± 91.2 and 47.1 ng/mL ± 35.3, respectively; p < 0.001). However, mean YKL-40 levels were also significantly higher in patients with severe CCHF compared to non-severe cases (173.3 ± 112.3 and 67.5 ± 41.7, respectively; p < 0.001). A comparison of the 10 exitus patients and the 68 survivors revealed significantly higher YKL-40 levels in the exitus group (mean: 214.0 ± 139.0 and 92.8 ± 73.6, respectively; p = 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic analysis for YKL-40 levels to distinguish between severe and non-severe patients found an area under the curve of 0.925. YKL-40 levels were measured with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 84% with a cutoff value of 90.7 ng/mL. YKL-40 levels measured at the time of hospital presentation in patients with CCHF can be used as a biomarker for clinical course and prognosis.
{"title":"Evaluation of the relationship between YKL-40 level and clinical severity in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.","authors":"Murat Aydin, Nurten Nur Aydin, Esra Laloğlu","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2392225","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2392225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease. YKL-40 (also known as chitinase-3-like-1 protein) is an acute phase protein released by various immune cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between YKL-40 level and the clinical course and prognosis of CCHF. The study included 78 patients who were admitted to our hospital between April 15 and 30 August 2022 and had a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for CCHF. The patients were divided into two groups, severe and non-severe. In addition, a control group consisting of 22 healthy people was established. Mean serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients than controls (106.8 ng/mL ± 91.2 and 47.1 ng/mL ± 35.3, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, mean YKL-40 levels were also significantly higher in patients with severe CCHF compared to non-severe cases (173.3 ± 112.3 and 67.5 ± 41.7, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001). A comparison of the 10 exitus patients and the 68 survivors revealed significantly higher YKL-40 levels in the exitus group (mean: 214.0 ± 139.0 and 92.8 ± 73.6, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic analysis for YKL-40 levels to distinguish between severe and non-severe patients found an area under the curve of 0.925. YKL-40 levels were measured with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 84% with a cutoff value of 90.7 ng/mL. YKL-40 levels measured at the time of hospital presentation in patients with CCHF can be used as a biomarker for clinical course and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"492-498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mortality rate of Nipah virus (NiV) can vary in different regions, and its pattern across timelines has yet to be assessed. The primary objective is to perform a comparative analysis of mortality rates across different timelines and countries. Articles reporting NiV mortality from inception to November 2023 were analyzed in PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A meta-analysis utilizing random-effects models determined the mortality rate secondary to NiV complications. The initial search strategy yielded 1213 records, of which 36 articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2736 NiV patients. The Global mortality rate of the Nipah virus in the 2014-2023 decade was 80.1% (CI: 68.7-88.1%), indicating a significant 24% increase compared to the preceding decade (2004-2013) with a mortality rate of 54.1% (CI: 35.5-71.6%). Among the countries analyzed for overall mortality from 1994-2023, India experienced the highest mortality rate at 82.7% (CI: 74.6-88.6%), followed by Bangladesh at 62.1% (CI: 45.6-76.2%), Philippines at 52.9% (CI: 30-74.5%), Malaysia at 28.9% (CI: 21.4-37.9%), and Singapore at 21% (CI: 8-45%). Subgroup analysis revealed that India consistently had the highest mortality rate for the past two decades (91.7% and 89.3%). The primary complication leading to mortality was encephalitis, accounting for 95% of cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a noteworthy surge in NiV mortality rates, particularly in the current decade (2014-2023). The escalation, with India reporting a concerning level of mortality of 89.3-91.7% in the past decades, signifies a pressing public health challenge.
{"title":"Global and regional mortality statistics of nipah virus from 1994 to 2023: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Arun Subash, Fena Mehta, Tiba Yamin Kandrikar, Rupak Desai, Kaif Khan, Sneha Khanduja, Aakanksha Pitliya, Lekhya Raavi, Sai Gautham Kanagala, Piyush Gondaliya","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2380131","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2380131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mortality rate of Nipah virus (NiV) can vary in different regions, and its pattern across timelines has yet to be assessed. The primary objective is to perform a comparative analysis of mortality rates across different timelines and countries. Articles reporting NiV mortality from inception to November 2023 were analyzed in PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A meta-analysis utilizing random-effects models determined the mortality rate secondary to NiV complications. The initial search strategy yielded 1213 records, of which 36 articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2736 NiV patients. The Global mortality rate of the Nipah virus in the 2014-2023 decade was 80.1% (CI: 68.7-88.1%), indicating a significant 24% increase compared to the preceding decade (2004-2013) with a mortality rate of 54.1% (CI: 35.5-71.6%). Among the countries analyzed for overall mortality from 1994-2023, India experienced the highest mortality rate at 82.7% (CI: 74.6-88.6%), followed by Bangladesh at 62.1% (CI: 45.6-76.2%), Philippines at 52.9% (CI: 30-74.5%), Malaysia at 28.9% (CI: 21.4-37.9%), and Singapore at 21% (CI: 8-45%). Subgroup analysis revealed that India consistently had the highest mortality rate for the past two decades (91.7% and 89.3%). The primary complication leading to mortality was encephalitis, accounting for 95% of cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a noteworthy surge in NiV mortality rates, particularly in the current decade (2014-2023). The escalation, with India reporting a concerning level of mortality of 89.3-91.7% in the past decades, signifies a pressing public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"471-480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}