Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental'naia terapiia最新文献

Introduction: General adaptation syndrome (GAS), the basis of the development of which is stress phenomenon, is an essential component of the pathogenesis of many diseases and syndromes. However, the patho genesis of GAS hitherto is considered exclusively from the endocrinological viewpoint. This relates primarily to the initial phase of the GAS, a clinical model for the study of which may be psycho-emotional stress (PES), which we studied using three groups of volunteers.

Methods: The first one consists of 25 students who were waiting for unaccustomed physical activity (17 men) and play debut on the stage (8 women). The second group consists of 48 children (2-14 years) who expected for "planned" surgery. The third group of volunteers is made up of 80 students (41 women and 39 men) during the first exam. The concentration of cortisol, endotoxin (ET), the activity of antiendotoxin immunity (AEI) and the haemostatic system parameters were determined in the blood serum of volunteers in various combinations.

Results: We found laboratory evidence for PES at 92% of students of the first group, 58% of children of the second one and in 21% of students of the third group of volunteers (mostly women). The concentration of ET increased at 13 (52%) volunteers of the first group with a significant increase of average indicators in the whole group (from 0.84 ± 0.06 to 1.19 ± 0.04 EU/ml). At children of the second group, the average concentration of ET increased even more significantly (from 0.42 ± 0.02 to 1.63 ± 0.11 EU/ml), which was accompanied by the activation of the hemostasis system. A degree of the activation was directly dependent on the level of ET in the general circulation and on an activity of AEI. Examination stress in the third group of volunteers is accompanied by activation of plasma hemostasis (increased initial thrombosis rate and reduced the time it starts, lag-period) in 26% of female students and 15% of male students.

Conclusion: We suggest that it is possible to use the PES as a clinical model for studying the initial phase of the GAS, examine the role of excess of intestinal ET in the general blood circulation (endotoxin aggression) in the induction of systemic inflammation, which is very likely participated in the initiation of the GAS.

In anaesthetized white outbred male rats we investigated the change of respiratory mechanoreceptors sensitivity to morphine and phenibut. Bilateral transection of the vagus nerves causes a severely slowdown of respiratory rate in 30 minutes after the systemic administration of morphine, however after administration of phenibut the respiratory rate and other respiration parameters have not changed significantly. It means that the activation of opioid receptors by morphine does not significantly affect the function of the respiratory mechanoreceptor control loop, and transection of the vagus nerves on this background increases the probability of respiratory rhythm disorders. Activation of GABAergic system by phenibut significantly weakened the impact of the regulating contour of the respiratory mechanoreceptor on breathing parameters, up to effect of "central vagotomy": that is, to no changes in respiratory parameters after cutting the vagus nerves.

Despite the abundance of research devoted to nosocomial pneumonia, so far there are no clear diagnostic criteria for it and predict the outcome of nosocomial pneumonia is based on the individual clinical, instrumental, laboratory and other parameters that are not related to each other as links in a single pathogenesis. External factors contributing to the development of the pneumonia and determine its prognosis, adequately lit, and the problem lies in the fact that no comprehensive clinical and pathophysiological approach to assessing the outcome of nosocomial pneumonia considering its immunogenetic features. One aspect of learning is nosocomial pneumonia appraisal of immune system, in particular, -- cytokines that have both diagnostic and prognostic value. As is known, the level of immune reactivity of the organism is fixed genetically, therefore, determines the importance polymorphisms of genes coding for the expression of cytokines as key participants in the intercellular interactions. In the present article we found that one of the factors immunopathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia is a gene polymorphism IL-1β (-511) C-->T and IL-1RN. Genetic markers of risk of its development is the carrier of the allele C of gene IL-1β (-511) C->T. The severity and clinical features of the pneumonia associated with the presence of the genotype of the patients T allele of the gene IL-1β (-511) C-->T. Implementation of the pathogenetic action of this polymorphism is carried out due to overproduction of the cytokine IL-1β. Exposure to nosocomial pneumonia associated with haplotypes IL-1RN * 4-IL-1β (-511) C-->T gene of the same name cytokines having polar biological effects.

Mechanical stimulation of aqueous protein solution was found to be accompanied by electromagnetic radiation in the superhigh frequency range. This radiation was observed at solution temperatures near the phase transitions of water. This effect may occur in various bioanalytical systems, associated with injection of aqueous solutions in these systems, and may have impact on the results of bioalytical measurements. The discovered effect of generation of nonequilibrium microwave emission of water medium (which is the main component of the organism) in the 38-39°C temperature range, i.e. in the range of elevated temperature of the organism (which accompanies pathological condition in humans upon inflammatory diseases, i.e., infactious etc.) may be used for development of new non-invasive methods of disease diagnostics.

Morphological and functional features of interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells) in the posterity of female rats with experimental liver injury of various genesis in the neonatal period were analized. Found that in experimental rats are a reduction in the number of Leydig cells, the ratio between active and inactive endocrinocytes and as a consequence, reduction of its cell activity index.

We included 19 patients with a different intensity postoperative pneumocephalus and an inadequate postoperative awakening. Intracranial CT excluded postoperative complications (oedema, haematoma, hidrocephalus) and diagnosed a pneumocephalus (above the frontal and temporal lobes and in the cerebral ventricular system). In two hours after operation we found systolic linear blood flow velocity (BFV syst.) decrease in the extracranial part of internal carotic artery (ICA) (p < 0.001) in patients with pneumocephalus and inadequate postoperative awakening. But in 24-48 hours after operation we diagnosed BFV syst. elevation in the ICA extracranial part (p < 0.001) and preumocephalus diminution in patients with a recovered consciousness.

Experimental studies on guinea pigs of both sexes (n = 30). Experimental animals are awicea into equal groups oJ 10 animals: 1--the control group (intact animals), 2--the comparison group (modelling of gonarthrosis by crossing his own patellar ligament has been made, exposure 6 months), 3--the main group (animals with gonarthrosis treatment was carried out by performing lumbar procaine blockade (LPB) with an interval of 3-5 days three times). We establish that after a course of LPB in gonarthrosis marked increase in the density of the injected channel in the articular and periarticular structures, which reflects a growth in the microcirculation, and more intense accumulation in the basic substance of epiphyseal cartilage PAS (+) indicates the material to increase the level of proteoglycan in articular cartilage.

Atherosclerosis is a basis of development for many cardiovascular diseases, which are leading causes of death among people in the 21-st century. One of possible causes of atherosclerosis may be somatic mutations of human mitochondrial genome. In order to identify mutations associated with atherosclerosis, we analyzed 42 mitochondrial mutations found in various pathologies. The subject of the study were individuals who died as a result of an accident or a sudden death. The material for the investigation were segments of intima from 7 aortas both normal and with lipofibrous plaques. DNA was isolated by a method of phenol-chloroform extraction. PCR-fragments of DNA containing the region of investigated mutations were analyzed by an original method of quantitative assessment of mitochondrial genome mutant alleles. This method was developed in our laboratory on the basis of pyrosequencing technology. Statistical data processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and by bootstrap analysis. 40 of 42 studied mutations were heteroplasmic and two were homoplasmic according to the absence of a mutant allele in atherosclerosis. The developed method of direct quantitative assessment of mitochondrial genome mutant alleles helped us to find three new mutations: 652delG, 961delC and 5132insAA. It was found that 11 of mitochondrial mutations (652insG, T3336S, C3256T, G14459A, G14846A, G15059A, 652delC, A1555G, C5178A, G13513A and G12315A), belonging to eight mitochondrial genes: rRNA 12S, tRNA - Leu (codon recognition UUR) and tRNA - Leu (codon recognition CUN), subunit 1, 2, 5 and 6 of NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome B are potentially associated with atherosclerosis, because from 29% (2 of 7 aortas) to 86% (6/7) investigated aortas have a significant difference in the heteroplasmy level of these mutations in lipofibrous plaques compared to normal aortic intima.

The article presents the original data on the character of the changes in arterial blood pressure (ABP) in rabbit with hypopinealism induced by long 24-hour lighting. In experimental animals registered leveling the daily rhythm of ABP primarily because of increase this value in dark time (night, evening) and formation of arterial hypertension by 'non-dipper".

256 patients with radiologic detected cervical instability were examined. This pathology may be the cause of arterial or venous vertebra-basilar disorders. We realized extensive examination the patients with the cervical instability for the pathogenic correction of vascular consequences. We founded normal blood flow only in 19.9% cases without morphology alterations the vessels of both basins. 80.1% patients had different cerebral hemodynamic disorders variations. According to our examination plan we detected the vertebra-basilar insufficiency pathogenesis and proposed medicinal correction of the cerebral instability consequences.