Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental'naia terapiia最新文献

Objective. We studied the effect of glutamate antibodies by intranasal administration on the development of stress reactions and aspartate, glycine and taurine content in the brain structures of rats with different initial behavioral activity (active and passive). Methods. Stress caused by placing the animals in the living cell with water (21°С) covered with a grid for 30 min. Glutamate antibodies in a dose of 250 mg/kg in a volume of 10 mkl were administered intranasally to the experimental group of rats immediately after the stress. After 1 h after stress exposure and antibodies administration in all rats was investigated motor activity in the test of the «open field». Amino acids aspartate, glycine and taurine in the brain structures (hippocampus and hypothalamus) were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results. Combined water-immersion stress caused significant changes in the behavioral activity of rats in the «open field», but a more pronounced decline in the total index were observed in the behaviorally passive group of rats. The stress was accompanied by a change in the content of neurotransmitter amino acids (glycine and taurine) in the hippocampus. The most significant changes in the levels of glycine (decrease) and taurine (an increase) was observed in the hippocampus behaviorally active rats. Glutamate antibodies at a dose of 250 mg/kg administered intranasally immediately after stress exposure prevents the development of behavioral stress reactions and contributed to an increase in the hippocampus the content of glycine and taurine, related to stress-limiting systems. Conclusions. The glutamate antibodies under stress act as endogenous bioregulators and prevent the development of stress reactions.

Methods: Experiments were carried out on outbred albino male rats (n = 150, 230-250 g). For modeling dislipoproteinemia (DLP) we used 3 models: single intraperitoneal injection of the detergent triton WR-1339; administration of ethanol; maintenance on a special hypercholesterolaemic diet (HD) during 21 days. Animals were divided into four groups: normal control, model group, gemfibrozil (Gfb) group, benzohexonium (Benz) group. Rats received per os benzohexonium (20mg/kg), reference drug gemfibrozil (50 mg/kg). We determined content of total cholesterol (TCh), triglycerides (TG) in samples of blood serum and liver, TCh in aorta. TCh, TG and Ch-HDL were analyzed spectrophotometrically using of standardized methods. Results: Compared with model group the contents of TCh, TG in serum and liver were significantly decreased in model + Benz group, whereas Ch-HDL was raised in rats fed special HD (P<0.05). Calculated index of atherogenity (TCh - Ch-HDL) / (Ch-HDL) showed the positive effect. Conclusion: The results obtained were shown the hypolipidemic activity of N-cholinergic antagonist Benzohexonium (20 mg/kg) lowered the content of lipids in blood, liver, and aorta.

Objective: to analyze the role of inflammatory and immune reactivity in the development of adenomyosis and its associated pain. Methods. For morphological studies it were using fragments of walls of 56 uterus received after hysterectomy in patients with pelvic pain on a background of diffuse adenomyosis II-III degree, and 30 patients with painless form of adenomyosis. To identify, evaluate the amount and spatial distribution of macrophages, T-helper cells and natural killer cells it was using MAbs to CD68, CD4, CD56 respectively. The results of the study showed a significantly high expression of CD68 (49,3 ± 2,3 vs. 21,2 ± 1,7 conv. units, p<0,01), CD56 (47,4 ± 2,7 vs. 17.2 ± 1.8 conv. units, p<0,01, p<0,05) and CD4 (52,1 ± 2,2 vs. 19,9 ± 2,5 conv. units, p<0,01) in patients with painful form of adenomyosis in the regions of ectopic endometrium and in the regions of perivascular growth in myometrium compared to those areas in women with painless adenomyosis. Conclusions: Adenomyosis is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by dysfunction of the uterine immune reactivity. Inflammatory and immune processes in the uterus with adenomyosis contribute to the persistence and growth of endometrial implants. In adenomyosis, associated with chronic pelvic pain syndrome, there is increase in the number of activated macrophages, natural killer cells and T-helper cells in the perivascular regions and in areas of remodeling of the myometrium are carriers of the nerves, which leads to increased neurogenic inflammation and sensitivity of nociceptors, activation of peripheral nerve fibers and the generation of pain.

The effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on venous wall structure was studied in the rabbit model. Special setup was developed for ultrasound generation and vessel targeting. Methods. The essential part of the setup is spherical focusing power irradiator with following characteristics: power supply voltage of 25 V, frequency of 1.9 MHz, ultrasound intensity in the focal spot ~8.7 kW/cm2. Results. Single 15-s exposure of the femoral vein to HIFU resulted in partial desquamation of the endothelium, vacuolization of myocyte cytoplasm, misarrangement and coagulation of collagen fibers. Pulsed HIFU (5 pulses for 5 s each) caused protein coagulation in all layers of venous wall (v. cava posterior) as well as the appearance of the areas of fibrinoid necrosis, severe endothelial desquamation, and intimal detachment. HIFU-induced collagen structural changes in media and adventitia of the vein suggest that HIFU exposure resulted in local temperature increase up to ~60°С. In some experiments, adjacent to the vein muscles were also exposed to HIFU. In this case, edema of the interstitium and muscle fibers was registered, as well as fragmentation and coagulation of some fibers, altered staining patterns and neutrophil infiltration. These changes could be attributed to the development of acute muscle injury (acute fasciitis). Perivascular adipose tissue also demonstrated edema and lipolysis, red blood cell diapedesis, and leukocyte infiltration. Conclusion. The observations on structural changes in the venous wall after HIFU exposure could lay the ground for future experiments on HIFU - mediated obliteration.

Dyslipidemia is abnormalities of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is an abnormally high level of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are common in the general population, and are regarded as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to their influence on atherosclerosis. Primary dyslipidemia is usually due to genetic causes, while secondary dyslipidemia arises due to other underlying causes such as diabetes mellitus. Thus, dyslipidemia is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases therefore, it is important to diagnose it in time. This review focuses on the modern methods of diagnosis of dyslipidemia.

The study of the relationship of the latent period of simple sensorimotor reaction to the light stimulus and body mass index (BMI) in males and females aged 30-60 years (n = 507) was done. The boundary between the low (below Me - 1SD) and middle (from Me - 1SD to Me + 1SD) BMI was the value of 22.74 kg/m2, the boundary between the middle and high (above Me + 1SD) BMI - 33.16kg/m2. It is shown thatthere isan increase inthe proportion of people with high BMI with age (faster and more pronounced - in women). Sensorimotor reaction latency to the light stimuli does not change in men, and declines with agein women. However the data obtained indicate that developed with age alimentary obesity does not adversely affect neurophysiological parameters of the sensorimotor reactivity.

Introduction: Hemorheological disorders play an important part in pathogenesis of acute period of burn injury. This mechanism remains practically unstudied. Thus, unknown is the role of hemoglobin glycation and erythrocyte microvesiculation in the decrease in erythrocyte deformability after thermal trauma.

Methods: Research was performed on 30 blood samples of burn patients in the acute period and 40 blood samples of healthy donors. The number of erythrocyte-derived microvesicles was determined by flow cytometry and then standardized in the samples; the microvesicles were preliminarily separated by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 g, for 60 minutes. Electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes was measured in a processing chamber of the optical cuvette under the light microscope. Deformability of erythrocytes was assessed by the level of their extension in the artificial shear flow.

Results: It was found that the amount of HbA₁c in red blood cells of burn patients demonstrated a 2-fold increase compared to healthy donors. In the experiments in vitro it was proved that deformability of erythrocytes correlates with the level of hemoglobin glycation. Hb glycation leads to the increased rigidity of erythrocytes also by increasing their microvesiculation. The number of microvesicles derived from red blood cells of burn patients demonstrated a 3.47-fold increase compared to healthy donors. An important reason for microvesiculation is the destabilization of lipid complex of erythrocyte membrane, which is accompanied by the increase in the erythrocyte negative charge. It can be concluded that Hb glycation and redistribution of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids are he important reasons for the increase erythrocyte microvesiculation and are accompanied by the decrease in erythrocyte deformability after thermal trauma.

Unlabelled: The mechanisms of the protective effect of oligonucleotides (OGN) during pathological processes are poorlyunderstood. The goal of this work was to study the effect of OGN on arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, and the HSP70 level in the heart. As a source of OGN was used the drug "Derinat" ("Technomedservis", Russia). In male Wistar rats were pre-treated the drug for 7 days (i/m, 7.5 mg/kg).The intensity of the arrhythmias was assessed by ECG during 10 min occlusion of the left coronary artery and subsequent 5 min of reperfusion. Protein HSP70 determined in the left ventricle of the heart by Western-blot analysis. During ischemia, this drug reduced duration of extrasystolia by 13 times and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia by 1.5 times. During reperfusion the drug reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, a more than 2-fold, as compared with the control (respectively 23% vs 56%) and by 5 times its duration (8,4 ± 2,3 48,1 ± sec vs 18 7 sec). "Derinat" increased the HSP70 level in the heart by 65% compared with control.

Conclusion: These data support the fact that the activation of HSP70 synthesis, induced by OGN is one of the mechanisms that increases the heart resistance to the ischemic and reperfusion damages.

The influence of a regular (for 7 and 14 days) 10-minute dosed exercise in isolation and on the background of intragastric administration of 5 and 15 mg/kg of zinc (II) asparaginate on the distribution of this metal in the organs and tissues of experimental animals and the indicators of muscle activity such as the level of lactate, creatinine and creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2.) serum were studied. It has been shown that exercise stress for 14 days causes a more pronounced change in homeostasis Zn, compared with 7 day, it is reflected in increased levels in the kidney, serum, liver, skeletal muscle and fur animals. It has been shown that graduated exercise for 14 days causes a more pronounced change in Zn homeostasis, compared with 7 day that expressed in increased its levels in the kidney, serum, liver, skeletal muscle and fur animals. Introduction zinc (II) asparaginate accompanied by an increase of its content in the liver, kidneys, hair and serum, but not skeletal and cardiac muscle. The combination of physical activity and the introduction of zinc positive effect on homeostasis of Zn, and the terms of muscle activity. The protective effect of zinc asparaginate with graduated exercise in the experiment was concluded.

The first morphological signs of aging of the brain are found in the white matter already at a young age (20-40 years), and later (40-50 years) in a gray matter. After the 40-50 years appear and in subsequently are becoming more pronounced functional manifestations of morphological changes: the weakening of sensory-motor and cognitive abilities. While in principle this dynamic of age-related changes is inevitable, the rate of their development to a large extent determined by the genetic characteristics and lifestyle of the individual. According to modem concepts age-related changes in the number of nerve cells are different in different parts of the brain. However, these changes are not large and are not the main cause of senile decline brain. The main processes that contribute to the degradation of the brain develop as in the bodies of neurons and in neuropil. In the bodies of neurons--it is a damage (usually decrease) of the level of expression of many genes, and especially of the genes determining cell communication. In neuropil: reduction in the number of synapses and the strength of synaptic connections, reduction in the number of dendritic spines and axonal buttons, reduction in the number and thickness of the dendritic branches, demyelination of axons. As the result of these events, it becomes a violation of the rate of formation and rebuilding neuronal circuits. It is deplete associative ability, brain plasticity, and memory.