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Stable Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Based on mcl-Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Cationic Liposomes for mRNA Delivery. 基于 mcl-Polyhydroxyalkanoate 和阳离子脂质体的稳定聚合物-脂质混合纳米颗粒用于 mRNA 输送。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101305
Sergey M Shishlyannikov, Ilya N Zubkov, Vera V Vysochinskaya, Nina V Gavrilova, Olga A Dobrovolskaya, Ekaterina A Elpaeva, Mikhail A Maslov, Andrey Vasin

Background/Objectives: The development of polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLNs) is a promising area of research, as it can help increase the stability of cationic lipid carriers. Hybrid PLNs are core-shell nanoparticle structures that combine the advantages of both polymer nanoparticles and liposomes, especially in terms of their physical stability and biocompatibility. Natural polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) can be used as a matrix for the PLNs' preparation. Methods: In this study, we first obtained stable cationic hybrid PLNs using a cationic liposome (CL) composed of a polycationic lipid 2X3 (1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3β-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosane tetrahydrochloride), helper lipid DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), and the hydrophobic polymer mcl-PHA, which was produced by the soil bacterium Pseudomonas helmantisensis P1. Results: The new polymer-lipid carriers effectively encapsulated and delivered model mRNA-eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein mRNA) to BHK-21 cells. We then evaluated the role of mcl-PHA in increasing the stability of cationic PLNs in ionic solutions using dynamic light scattering data, electrophoretic mobility, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Conclusions: The results showed that increasing the concentration of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) led to a decrease in the stability of the CLs. At high concentrations of PBS, the CLs aggregate. In contrast, the presence of isotonic PBS did not result in the aggregation of PLNs, and the particles remained stable for 120 h when stored at +4 °C. The obtained results show that PLNs hold promise for further in vivo studies on nucleic acid delivery.

背景/目标:开发聚合物-脂质杂化纳米颗粒(PLNs)是一个前景广阔的研究领域,因为它有助于提高阳离子脂质载体的稳定性。混合型 PLNs 是一种核壳纳米粒子结构,它结合了聚合物纳米粒子和脂质体的优点,尤其是在物理稳定性和生物相容性方面。聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)等天然聚合物可用作制备 PLNs 的基质。制备方法在这项研究中,我们首先利用阳离子脂质体(CL)制备了稳定的阳离子杂化聚合氯化萘(PLNs),该脂质体由多阳离子脂质 2X3 (1,26-双(胆甾-5-烯-3β-基氧羰基氨基)-7,11,16、20-tetraazahexacosane tetrahydrochloride)、辅助脂质 DOPE(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine)和疏水性聚合物 mcl-PHA,后者由土壤中的 helmantisensis P1 假单胞菌产生。研究结果新的聚合物脂质载体有效地将模型 mRNA-eGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白 mRNA)包裹并输送到 BHK-21 细胞中。然后,我们利用动态光散射数据、电泳迁移率和透射电子显微镜技术评估了 mcl-PHA 在提高阳离子 PLN 在离子溶液中的稳定性方面的作用。得出结论:结果表明,增加 PBS(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)的浓度会导致 CLs 的稳定性降低。在高浓度的磷酸盐缓冲盐溶液中,CLs 会聚集。与此相反,等渗 PBS 的存在不会导致 PLNs 的聚集,在 +4 °C 下储存 120 小时后,颗粒仍然保持稳定。这些结果表明,PLNs 有望用于进一步的体内核酸递送研究。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Numerical Simulation Technology to Advance Drug Preparation: A Comprehensive Review of Application Scenarios and Cases. 利用数值模拟技术推进药物制剂:应用场景和案例的全面回顾。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101304
Qifei Gu, Huichao Wu, Xue Sui, Xiaodan Zhang, Yongchao Liu, Wei Feng, Rui Zhou, Shouying Du

Background/objectives: Numerical simulation plays an important role in pharmaceutical preparation recently. Mechanistic models, as a type of numerical model, are widely used in the study of pharmaceutical preparations. Mechanistic models are based on a priori knowledge, i.e., laws of physics, chemistry, and biology. However, due to interdisciplinary reasons, pharmacy researchers have greater difficulties in using computer models.

Methods: In this paper, we highlight the application scenarios and examples of mechanistic modelling in pharmacy research and provide a reference for drug researchers to get started.

Results: By establishing a suitable model and inputting preparation parameters, researchers can analyze the drug preparation process. Therefore, mechanistic models are effective tools to optimize the preparation parameters and predict potential quality problems of the product. With product quality parameters as the ultimate goal, the experiment design is optimized by mechanistic models. This process emphasizes the concept of quality by design.

Conclusions: The use of numerical simulation saves experimental cost and time, and speeds up the experimental process. In pharmacy experiments, part of the physical information and the change processes are difficult to obtain, such as the mechanical phenomena during tablet compression and the airflow details in the nasal cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the information and guide the formulation with the help of mechanistic models.

背景/目的:近年来,数值模拟在药物制剂中发挥着重要作用。机理模型作为数值模型的一种,被广泛应用于药物制剂的研究中。机理模型基于先验知识,即物理、化学和生物学定律。然而,由于跨学科的原因,药剂学研究人员在使用计算机模型时存在较大困难:本文将重点介绍机理建模在药学研究中的应用场景和实例,为药物研究人员提供入门参考:结果:通过建立合适的模型并输入制备参数,研究人员可以分析药物的制备过程。因此,机理模型是优化制备参数和预测潜在产品质量问题的有效工具。以产品质量参数为最终目标,通过机理模型优化实验设计。这一过程强调了 "设计决定质量 "的理念:结论:使用数值模拟可以节省实验成本和时间,加快实验进程。在药学实验中,部分物理信息和变化过程难以获得,如压片过程中的机械现象和鼻腔中的气流细节。因此,有必要借助机理模型来预测这些信息并指导配方。
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引用次数: 0
Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Basic Drug Delivery. 用于基础药物输送的仿生纳米颗粒。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101306
Andrey Tikhonov, Artyom Kachanov, Alexandra Yudaeva, Oleg Danilik, Natalia Ponomareva, Ivan Karandashov, Anastasiya Kostyusheva, Andrey A Zamyatnin, Alessandro Parodi, Vladimir Chulanov, Sergey Brezgin, Dmitry Kostyushev

Biomimetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) are innovative nanovehicles that replicate the properties of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, facilitating highly efficient drug delivery across biological barriers to target organs and tissues while ensuring maximal biocompatibility and minimal-to-no toxicity. BMNPs can be utilized for the delivery of therapeutic payloads and for imparting novel properties to other nanotechnologies based on organic and inorganic materials. The application of specifically modified biological membranes for coating organic and inorganic nanoparticles has the potential to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility, presenting a promising pathway for the advancement of drug delivery technologies. This manuscript is grounded in the fundamentals of biomimetic technologies, offering a comprehensive overview and analytical perspective on the preparation and functionalization of BMNPs, which include cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs), artificial cell-derived vesicles (ACDVs), and fully synthetic vesicles (fSVs). This review examines both "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches for nanoparticle preparation, with a particular focus on techniques such as cell membrane coating, cargo loading, and microfluidic fabrication. Additionally, it addresses the technological challenges and potential solutions associated with the large-scale production and clinical application of BMNPs and related technologies.

仿生纳米粒子(BMNPs)是一种创新的纳米载体,它复制了天然存在的细胞外囊泡的特性,有助于高效地将药物穿过生物屏障输送到目标器官和组织,同时确保最大的生物兼容性和最小的毒性。BMNPs 可用于递送治疗载荷,并赋予基于有机和无机材料的其他纳米技术以新的特性。应用经过特殊修饰的生物膜包覆有机和无机纳米粒子,有可能提高其治疗效果和生物相容性,为药物输送技术的发展提供了一条前景广阔的途径。本手稿以生物仿生技术的基本原理为基础,全面概述了 BMNPs(包括细胞膜包被纳米颗粒 (CMCNPs)、人工细胞衍生囊泡 (ACDVs) 和全合成囊泡 (fSVs))的制备和功能化,并从分析的角度进行了阐述。本综述探讨了 "自上而下 "和 "自下而上 "的纳米颗粒制备方法,尤其关注细胞膜包衣、货物装载和微流体制造等技术。此外,它还探讨了与 BMNPs 大规模生产和临床应用及相关技术有关的技术挑战和潜在解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Stiff-Soft Hybrid Biomimetic Nano-Emulsion for Targeted Liver Delivery and Treatment of Early Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. 硬软混合仿生纳米乳液用于肝脏靶向输送和早期非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101303
Juan Li, Mingxing Yin, Maoxian Tian, Jianguo Fang, Hanlin Xu

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a risk for numerous metabolic diseases. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not yet approved any medications for the treatment of NAFLD, for which developing therapeutic drugs is urgent. Dihydromyricetin (DMY), the most abundant flavonoid in vine tea, has been shown to be hepatoprotective. Its application was limited by low bioavailability in vivo; Methods: In order to improve the bioavailability of DMY and achieve liver-targeted delivery, we designed a DMY-loaded stiff-soft hybrid biomimetic nano drug delivery system (DMY-hNE). The in vivo absorption, distribution, pharmacokinetic profiles, and anti-NAFLD efficacy of DMY-hNE were studied; Results: DMY-hNE was composed of a stiff core and soft shell, which led to enhanced uptake by gastrointestinal epithelial cells and increased penetration of the mucus barrier, thus improving the in vivo absorption, plasma DMY concentration, and liver distribution versus free DMY. In an early NAFLD mouse model, DMY-hNE effectively ameliorated fatty lesions accompanied with reduced lipid levels and liver tissue inflammation; Conclusions: These findings suggested that DMY-hNE is a promising platform for liver drug delivery and treatment of hepatopathy.

背景:非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)可引发多种代谢性疾病。迄今为止,美国食品和药物管理局尚未批准任何治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的药物。二氢杨梅素(DMY)是藤茶中含量最高的黄酮类化合物,具有保肝作用。但由于其在体内的生物利用度较低,其应用受到了限制:为了提高DMY的生物利用度并实现肝脏靶向给药,我们设计了一种DMY负载的软硬混合仿生纳米给药系统(DMY-hNE)。研究了DMY-hNE的体内吸收、分布、药代动力学特征和抗NAFLD的疗效:DMY-hNE由硬核和软壳组成,增强了胃肠道上皮细胞的摄取能力和粘液屏障的穿透力,因此与游离DMY相比,体内吸收、血浆DMY浓度和肝脏分布均有所改善。在早期非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠模型中,DMY-hNE 有效改善了脂肪病变,同时降低了血脂水平和肝组织炎症;结论:DMY-hNE 对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠的治疗效果显著:这些研究结果表明,DMY-hNE 是一种很有前景的肝脏给药和肝病治疗平台。
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引用次数: 0
PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles Loaded with Cdc42 Inhibitor for Colorectal Cancer Targeted Therapy. 载入 Cdc42 抑制剂的 PLGA-PEG 纳米粒子用于结直肠癌靶向治疗
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101301
Sanazar Kadyr, Altyn Zhuraliyeva, Aislu Yermekova, Aigerim Makhambetova, Daulet B Kaldybekov, Ellina A Mun, Denis Bulanin, Sholpan N Askarova, Bauyrzhan A Umbayev

Background/Objectives: An inhibitor of small Rho GTPase Cdc42, CASIN, has been shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, yet it has several limitations, including rapid drug elimination and low bioavailability, which prevents its systemic administration. In this study, we designed and characterized a nanoparticle-based delivery system for CASIN encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxylic acid endcap nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs) for targeted inhibition of Cdc42 activity in colon cancer. Methods: We applied DLS, TEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy methods to characterize the size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and in vitro drug release of the synthesized nanoparticles. The CCK-8 cell viability test was used to study colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. Results: We showed that CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs were smooth, spherical, and had a particle size of 86 ± 1 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 66 ± 5% and a drug-loading capacity of 5 ± 1%. CASIN was gradually released from NPs, reaching its peak after 24 h, and could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 (IC50 = 19.55 µM), SW620 (IC50 = 9.33 µM), and HCT116 (IC50 = 10.45 µM) cells in concentrations ranging between 0.025-0.375 mg/mL. CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs demonstrated low hemolytic activity with a hemolytic ratio of less than 1% for all tested concentrations. Conclusion: CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs have high encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release, good hemocompatibility, and antitumor activity in vitro. Our results suggest that PLGA-PEG-COOH nanoparticles loaded with CASIN show potential as a targeted treatment for colorectal cancer and could be recommended for further in vivo evaluation.

背景/目标:小 Rho GTPase Cdc42 的抑制剂 CASIN 已被证明可减少癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,但它也有一些局限性,包括药物消除快和生物利用度低,这妨碍了它的全身给药。在这项研究中,我们设计并鉴定了一种基于纳米颗粒的给药系统,该系统将 CASIN 封装在聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-羧酸内盖纳米颗粒(PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs)中,用于靶向抑制结肠癌中 Cdc42 的活性。方法:应用 DLS、TEM 和 UV-vis 光谱法表征合成纳米粒子的尺寸、多分散指数、zeta 电位、包封效率、负载能力和体外药物释放。采用 CCK-8 细胞活力测试法研究结直肠癌细胞的体外生长情况。结果显示结果表明,CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs 为光滑球形,粒径为 86 ± 1 nm,包封效率为 66 ± 5%,载药量为 5 ± 1%。CASIN 从 NPs 中逐渐释放,24 h 后达到峰值,在 0.025-0.375 mg/mL 浓度范围内可有效抑制 HT-29(IC50 = 19.55 µM)、SW620(IC50 = 9.33 µM)和 HCT116(IC50 = 10.45 µM)细胞的增殖。CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs 的溶血活性很低,所有测试浓度下的溶血率均低于 1%。结论CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs 在体外具有较高的包封效率、持续的药物释放、良好的血液相容性和抗肿瘤活性。我们的研究结果表明,负载有 CASIN 的 PLGA-PEG-COOH 纳米粒子具有作为结直肠癌靶向治疗药物的潜力,可推荐用于进一步的体内评估。
{"title":"PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles Loaded with Cdc42 Inhibitor for Colorectal Cancer Targeted Therapy.","authors":"Sanazar Kadyr, Altyn Zhuraliyeva, Aislu Yermekova, Aigerim Makhambetova, Daulet B Kaldybekov, Ellina A Mun, Denis Bulanin, Sholpan N Askarova, Bauyrzhan A Umbayev","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics16101301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> An inhibitor of small Rho GTPase Cdc42, CASIN, has been shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, yet it has several limitations, including rapid drug elimination and low bioavailability, which prevents its systemic administration. In this study, we designed and characterized a nanoparticle-based delivery system for CASIN encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxylic acid endcap nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs) for targeted inhibition of Cdc42 activity in colon cancer. <b>Methods:</b> We applied DLS, TEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy methods to characterize the size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and in vitro drug release of the synthesized nanoparticles. The CCK-8 cell viability test was used to study colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. <b>Results:</b> We showed that CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs were smooth, spherical, and had a particle size of 86 ± 1 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 66 ± 5% and a drug-loading capacity of 5 ± 1%. CASIN was gradually released from NPs, reaching its peak after 24 h, and could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 (IC50 = 19.55 µM), SW620 (IC50 = 9.33 µM), and HCT116 (IC50 = 10.45 µM) cells in concentrations ranging between 0.025-0.375 mg/mL. CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs demonstrated low hemolytic activity with a hemolytic ratio of less than 1% for all tested concentrations. <b>Conclusion:</b> CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs have high encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release, good hemocompatibility, and antitumor activity in vitro. Our results suggest that PLGA-PEG-COOH nanoparticles loaded with CASIN show potential as a targeted treatment for colorectal cancer and could be recommended for further in vivo evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Utilizing an Ex Vivo Skin Penetration Analysis Model for Predicting Ocular Drug Penetration: A Feasibility Study with Curcumin Formulations. 利用体内皮肤渗透分析模型预测眼部药物渗透:姜黄素制剂的可行性研究。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101302
Christian Raab, Stefan Brugger, Jara-Sophie Lechner, Geisa Nascimento Barbalho, Taís Gratieri, Priyanka Agarwal, Ilva D Rupenthal, Cornelia M Keck

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using the digital image processing technique, developed to semi-quantitatively study dermal penetration, to study corneal penetration in an ex vivo porcine eye model. Here, we investigated various formulation strategies intended to enhance dermal and corneal bioavailability of the model hydrophobic drug, curcumin.

Methods: Several formulation principles were explored, including oily solutions, oily suspensions, aqueous nanosuspension, micelles, liposomes and cyclodextrins. The dermal penetration efficacy was tested using an ex vivo porcine ear model previously developed at Philipps-Universität Marburg with subsequent digital image processing. This image analysis method was further applied to study corneal penetration using an ex vivo porcine whole-eye model.

Results: For dermal penetration, oily solutions, oily suspensions and nanosuspensions exhibited the least penetration, whereas liposomes and cyclodextrins showed enhanced penetration. Corneal curcumin penetration correlated with dermal penetration, with curcumin loaded into cyclodextrins penetrating the deepest.

Conclusions: Overall, our study suggests that the image analysis method previously developed for ex vivo skin penetration can easily be repurposed to study corneal penetration of hydrophobic drugs.

研究目的本研究旨在探讨将用于半定量研究皮肤渗透性的数字图像处理技术用于研究猪眼体外模型中角膜渗透性的可行性。在此,我们研究了旨在提高疏水性药物姜黄素的皮肤和角膜生物利用度的各种配方策略:方法:我们探讨了几种制剂原理,包括油性溶液、油性悬浮液、纳米水悬浮液、胶束、脂质体和环糊精。利用马尔堡菲力浦大学之前开发的猪耳体外模型和随后的数字图像处理技术测试了其真皮渗透功效。这种图像分析方法还被进一步应用于使用猪全眼体外模型研究角膜渗透性:结果:在真皮渗透方面,油性溶液、油性悬浮液和纳米悬浮液的渗透率最低,而脂质体和环糊精的渗透率较高。角膜姜黄素渗透率与真皮渗透率相关,环糊精中的姜黄素渗透最深:总之,我们的研究表明,以前开发的用于体外皮肤渗透的图像分析方法可以很容易地重新用于疏水性药物的角膜渗透研究。
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引用次数: 0
Encapsulation of Phloroglucinol from Rosenvingea intricata Macroalgae with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against A549 Lung Cancer Cells. 用氧化锌纳米颗粒包封 Rosenvingea intricata 大型藻类中的 Phloroglucinol,对抗 A549 肺癌细胞。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101300
Sakthivel Muthu, Mythileeswari Lakshmikanthan, Edwin Edward-Sam, Mutheeswaran Subramanian, Lakshmanan Govindan, Afrina Begum Mithen Patcha, Kathiravan Krishnan, Nallusamy Duraisamy, Selvakumari Jeyaperumal, Al Thabiani Aziz

Background/objectives: Phloroglucinol (PHL), a phenolic compound extracted from the brown alga Rosenvingea intricata, exhibits potent antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study aims to extract, purify, and characterize PHL, and further develop functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) loaded with PHL to enhance its therapeutic potential.

Methods: PHL was extracted using acetone and purified through Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, yielding a highly enriched fraction (F-3). The purified compound was characterized by FTIR, HPLC, NMR, and LC-MS. ZnO NPs were synthesized, PEGylated, and conjugated with PHL, forming ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs. Their characterization included DLS, zeta potential, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and encapsulation efficiency studies. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, RPA) were performed and in vitro cytotoxicity on A549 lung cancer cells were determined to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PHL.

Results: The purified PHL fraction showed a high phenolic content (45.65 PHL mg/g), which was was confirmed by spectral analysis. The ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs increased in size from 32.36 nm to 46.68 nm, with their zeta potential shifting from -37.87 mV to -26.82 mV. The antioxidant activity was superior for the ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs in all assays, while the in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed an IC50 of 40 µg/mL compared to 60 µg/mL for the ZnO NPs and 70 µg/mL for PHL. Apoptotic studies revealed significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

Conclusions: The synthesized ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs demonstrated enhanced antioxidant and anticancer properties, making them promising candidates for cancer therapy and antioxidant applications.

背景/目的:PHL 是一种从褐藻 Rosenvingea intricata 中提取的酚类化合物,具有很强的抗氧化和抗癌特性。本研究旨在提取、纯化和表征 PHL,并进一步开发负载 PHL 的功能化氧化锌纳米粒子(ZnO NPs),以提高其治疗潜力:用丙酮提取 PHL,并通过 Sephadex LH-20 柱层析纯化,得到高富集馏分(F-3)。纯化后的化合物通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、高效液相色谱、核磁共振和液相色谱-质谱进行了表征。合成 ZnO NPs、PEG 化并与 PHL 共轭,形成 ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs。其表征包括 DLS、zeta 电位、XRD、SEM-EDAX 和封装效率研究。为了评估 PHL 的疗效,还进行了抗氧化试验(DPPH、FRAP、ABTS、RPA)和 A549 肺癌细胞的体外细胞毒性测定:纯化的 PHL 部分显示出较高的酚含量(45.65 PHL mg/g),光谱分析证实了这一点。ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs 的尺寸从 32.36 nm 增大到 46.68 nm,zeta 电位从 -37.87 mV 变为 -26.82 mV。在所有试验中,ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs 的抗氧化活性均优于 ZnO-PEG-PHL,而体外细胞毒性试验显示,ZnO NPs 的 IC50 为 40 µg/mL,而 ZnO NPs 为 60 µg/mL,PHL 为 70 µg/mL。细胞凋亡研究显示细胞周期明显停滞并诱导细胞凋亡:结论:合成的 ZnO-PEG-PHL NPs 具有更强的抗氧化和抗癌特性,有望用于癌症治疗和抗氧化应用。
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引用次数: 0
Cell Therapy for Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Progress and Prospects. 细胞疗法治疗视网膜退行性疾病:进展与前景》。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101299
Kevin Y Wu, Jaskarn K Dhaliwal, Akash Sasitharan, Ananda Kalevar

Background/Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are leading causes of vision loss, with AMD affecting older populations and RP being a rarer, genetically inherited condition. Both diseases result in progressive retinal degeneration, for which current treatments remain inadequate in advanced stages. This review aims to provide an overview of the retina's anatomy and physiology, elucidate the pathophysiology of AMD and RP, and evaluate emerging cell-based therapies for these conditions. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on cell therapy approaches, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and retinal progenitor cells. Preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed to assess therapeutic potential, with attention to mechanisms such as cell replacement, neuroprotection, and paracrine effects. Relevant challenges, including ethical concerns and clinical translation, were also explored. Results: Cell-based therapies demonstrate potential for restoring retinal function and slowing disease progression through mechanisms like neuroprotection and cell replacement. Preclinical trials show promising outcomes, but clinical studies face significant hurdles, including challenges in cell delivery and long-term efficacy. Combination therapies integrating gene editing and biomaterials offer potential future advancements. Conclusions: While cell-based therapies for AMD and RP have made significant progress, substantial barriers to clinical application remain. Further research is essential to overcome these obstacles, improve delivery methods, and ensure the safe and effective translation of these therapies into clinical practice.

背景/目标:老年性黄斑变性(AMD)和视网膜色素变性(RP)是导致视力丧失的主要原因,其中老年性黄斑变性主要影响老年人群,而视网膜色素变性则是一种较罕见的遗传性疾病。这两种疾病都会导致渐进性视网膜变性,而目前的治疗方法在晚期仍无法解决这一问题。本综述旨在概述视网膜的解剖学和生理学,阐明 AMD 和 RP 的病理生理学,并评估针对这些疾病的新兴细胞疗法。方法:对文献进行了全面回顾,重点关注细胞疗法,包括胚胎干细胞(ESC)、诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)、间充质干细胞(MSC)和视网膜祖细胞。对临床前和临床研究进行了分析,以评估治疗潜力,并关注细胞替代、神经保护和旁分泌效应等机制。此外,还探讨了相关挑战,包括伦理问题和临床转化。结果:细胞疗法通过神经保护和细胞替代等机制,显示出恢复视网膜功能和延缓疾病进展的潜力。临床前试验显示了良好的结果,但临床研究面临着巨大的障碍,包括细胞输送和长期疗效方面的挑战。整合基因编辑和生物材料的组合疗法有望在未来取得进展。结论:基于细胞的治疗 AMD 和 RP 取得了重大进展,但临床应用仍面临巨大障碍。要克服这些障碍、改进给药方法并确保这些疗法安全有效地应用于临床实践,就必须开展进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Characterization of Film-Forming Solution Loaded with Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels for Topical Application in Post-Surgical Therapies. 用于手术后局部治疗的含茜草(L. Skeels)的成膜溶液的开发和表征。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101294
Rosinéia Aparecida Vilela Cebrian, Mariana Dalmagro, Mariana Moraes Pinc, Guilherme Donadel, Larissa Aparecida Engel, Reinaldo Aparecido Bariccatti, Rafael Menck de Almeida, Kelen Menezes Flores Rossi de Aguiar, Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço, Jaqueline Hoscheid

Background/objectives: Considering the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties attributed to compounds in Syzygium cumini extract, this research aimed to advance postoperative therapeutic innovations. Specifically, the study assessed the physicochemical properties of a film-forming solution (FFS) incorporated with S. cumini, evaluating its therapeutic potential for postoperative applications.

Methods: The S. cumini extract was meticulously characterized to determine its chemical composition, with particular emphasis on the concentration of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant and antimicrobial assays were conducted to assess the extract's efficacy in these domains. Following this, an FFS containing S. cumini was formulated and evaluated comprehensively for skin adhesion, mechanical and barrier properties, and thermal behavior.

Results: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the S. cumini extract demonstrated promising results, indicating its potential utility as an adjunct in postoperative care. The developed FFS exhibited favorable physicochemical properties for topical application, including adequate skin adhesion and appropriate pH levels. Moreover, chemical and thermal analyses confirmed the formulation's stability and the retention of the extract's beneficial properties.

Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest that the S. cumini-loaded FFS holds significant potential as a valuable therapeutic tool for post-surgical management.

背景/目的:考虑到烟叶茜草提取物中的化合物具有抗氧化和抗菌特性,本研究旨在推动术后治疗创新。具体而言,该研究评估了蕴含孜然萃取物的成膜溶液(FFS)的理化特性,并评估了其在术后应用中的治疗潜力:方法:对 S. cumini 提取物进行了细致的表征,以确定其化学成分,尤其是酚类化合物的浓度。进行了抗氧化和抗菌试验,以评估萃取物在这些领域的功效。随后,我们配制了含有 S. cumini 的全配方食品添加剂,并对其皮肤粘附性、机械和阻隔性能以及热行为进行了全面评估:结果:小茴香提取物的抗氧化和抗菌活性显示出良好的效果,表明其具有作为术后护理辅助成分的潜在用途。所开发的 FFS 具有良好的理化特性,适合局部应用,包括足够的皮肤粘附性和适当的 pH 值。此外,化学和热分析证实了配方的稳定性和提取物的有益特性:总之,研究结果表明,孜然萃取的 FFS 具有巨大的潜力,可作为手术后管理的重要治疗工具。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Acute Migraine Treatment: Exploring Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Nose-to-Brain Route. 加强急性偏头痛治疗:探索鼻脑通路的固体脂质纳米颗粒和纳米结构脂质载体。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101297
Joana Torres, Renata Silva, Gonçalo Farias, José Manuel Sousa Lobo, Domingos Carvalho Ferreira, Ana Catarina Silva

Migraine has a high prevalence worldwide and is one of the main disabling neurological diseases in individuals under the age of 50. In general, treatment includes the use of oral analgesics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for mild attacks, and, for moderate or severe attacks, triptans or 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists. However, the administration of antimigraine drugs in conventional oral pharmaceutical dosage forms is a challenge, since many molecules have difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain, which leads to bioavailability problems. Efforts have been made to find alternative delivery systems and/or routes for antimigraine drugs. In vivo studies have shown that it is possible to administer drugs directly into the brain via the intranasal (IN) or the nose-to-brain route, thus avoiding the need for the molecules to cross the BBB. In this field, the use of lipid nanoparticles, in particular solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), has shown promising results, since they have several advantages for drugs administered via the IN route, including increased absorption and reduced enzymatic degradation, improving bioavailability. Furthermore, SLN and NLC are capable of co-encapsulating drugs, promoting their simultaneous delivery to the site of therapeutic action, which can be a promising approach for the acute migraine treatment. This review highlights the potential of using SLN and NLC to improve the treatment of acute migraine via the nose-to-brain route. First sections describe the pathophysiology and the currently available pharmacological treatment for acute migraine, followed by an outline of the mechanisms underlying the nose-to-brain route. Afterwards, the main features of SLN and NLC and the most recent in vivo studies investigating the use of these nanoparticles for the treatment of acute migraine are presented.

偏头痛在全球发病率很高,是 50 岁以下人群中主要的致残性神经系统疾病之一。一般来说,治疗方法包括轻度发作时使用口服镇痛药或非类固醇抗炎药(NSAIDs),中度或重度发作时使用曲坦类药物或 5-HT1B/1D 受体激动剂。然而,以传统口服药物剂型服用抗偏头痛药物是一项挑战,因为许多分子难以穿过血脑屏障(BBB)到达大脑,从而导致生物利用度问题。人们一直在努力寻找抗偏头痛药物的替代给药系统和/或途径。体内研究表明,可以通过鼻内(IN)或鼻-脑途径将药物直接注入大脑,从而避免了分子穿过 BBB 的需要。在这一领域,脂质纳米颗粒,特别是固体脂质纳米颗粒(SLN)和纳米结构脂质载体(NLC)的使用已显示出良好的效果,因为它们对于通过鼻脑途径给药的药物具有一些优势,包括增加吸收和减少酶降解,从而提高生物利用度。此外,SLN 和 NLC 还能共同包裹药物,促进药物同时到达治疗部位,这对于急性偏头痛的治疗是一种很有前景的方法。本综述强调了使用 SLN 和 NLC 通过鼻脑途径改善急性偏头痛治疗的潜力。首先介绍了急性偏头痛的病理生理学和目前可用的药物治疗方法,然后概述了鼻脑通路的基本机制。随后,介绍了SLN和NLC的主要特点,以及使用这些纳米粒子治疗急性偏头痛的最新体内研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Pharmaceutics
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