Background Metabolic syndrome is an assortment of conditions that often happens together and upsurge your risk of diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. One strategy for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes and obesity is to inhibit the enzymes activities, which include α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. Objectives To screen the effect of 16 Chinese medicinal herbs on inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. Materials and Methods The water extraction of 16 traditional Chinese herbal medicines was used to estimate activity in vitro from different families against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase by using spectrophotometry with p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), starch derivatives, and 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MUO), respectively, as a substrate. Results The results showed that the water extraction yield of the 16 rhizomes ranged from 0.2% to 4.0%. Among the tested extracts, the extract from Gastrodia elata exhibited the strongest effect on α-amylase (The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)) = 4.10 mg/mL). The extracts from Pinellia ternate and Arisaema heterophyllum exhibited noteworthy effects on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 29.21 and 41.13 µg/mL, respectively), and Corydalis turtschaninovii possessed the highest effect on pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 4.11 µg/mL) and a stronger effect than orlistat (IC50 = 4.52 µg/mL). Conclusion This study provides a basis for screenings and in-depth studies of anti-obesity and anti-diabetes drugs. Further isolation, identification, and characterization of active compounds should be carried out in the future.
代谢综合征是一种经常同时发生的疾病，会增加你患糖尿病、中风和心脏病的风险。预防和治疗糖尿病和肥胖症的一个策略是抑制酶的活性，包括α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶。目的筛选16种中草药对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的抑制作用。材料与方法采用对硝基苯-α- d -葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、淀粉衍生物和4-甲基伞草酮(4-MUO)为底物，采用分光光度法测定16种不同科中草药对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的体外活性。结果16根的水提率在0.2% ~ 4.0%之间。其中天麻提取物对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用最强(半抑制浓度(IC50) = 4.10 mg/mL)。对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用较显著(IC50分别为29.21和41.13µg/mL)，其中对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用最强(IC50分别为4.11µg/mL)，且强于奥利司他(IC50分别为4.52µg/mL)。结论本研究为抗肥胖、抗糖尿病药物的筛选和深入研究提供了依据。活性化合物的进一步分离、鉴定和表征有待于进一步开展。
{"title":"Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from Chinese Medicinal Herbs on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase,and Pancreatic Lipase","authors":"Xiang Liu, Yuhao Nie, Rui Chen, Xiaoying Zhang, Lijuan Yue, Chen Chen","doi":"10.1177/09731296231168739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231168739","url":null,"abstract":"Background Metabolic syndrome is an assortment of conditions that often happens together and upsurge your risk of diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. One strategy for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes and obesity is to inhibit the enzymes activities, which include α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. Objectives To screen the effect of 16 Chinese medicinal herbs on inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. Materials and Methods The water extraction of 16 traditional Chinese herbal medicines was used to estimate activity in vitro from different families against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase by using spectrophotometry with p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), starch derivatives, and 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MUO), respectively, as a substrate. Results The results showed that the water extraction yield of the 16 rhizomes ranged from 0.2% to 4.0%. Among the tested extracts, the extract from Gastrodia elata exhibited the strongest effect on α-amylase (The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)) = 4.10 mg/mL). The extracts from Pinellia ternate and Arisaema heterophyllum exhibited noteworthy effects on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 29.21 and 41.13 µg/mL, respectively), and Corydalis turtschaninovii possessed the highest effect on pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 4.11 µg/mL) and a stronger effect than orlistat (IC50 = 4.52 µg/mL). Conclusion This study provides a basis for screenings and in-depth studies of anti-obesity and anti-diabetes drugs. Further isolation, identification, and characterization of active compounds should be carried out in the future.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"530 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1177/09731296231170254
Weitao Li, Shaohua Yang, L. Ni, Zhili Zhao, Hongxi Xu
Background Accurate identification of Chinese herbal medicines is the basis for their research and utilization. Molecular identification can effectively differentiate original plants from counterfeit plants. The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification. However, the processing can lead to DNA degradation of the herbal medicines, which can make it difficult for their molecular identification. Objectives To establish a genomic DNA degradation model of Gentiana crassicaulis Radix to evaluate the effects of processing methods and storage times on genomic DNA integrity. Materials and Methods A genomic DNA degradation model of G. crassicaulis—the original plant source of the Chinese herbal medicine G. crassicaulis Radix—was established using a steam heating method. Genomic DNA integrity of G. crassicaulis Radix was evaluated using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of DNA barcoding markers following different processing and drying methods, including slicing (sliced roots), no slicing (whole roots), stoving, air drying, and sweating. Results CEC fingerprinting and DNA barcoding PCR effectively evaluated genomic DNA integrity. Compared to whole roots, sliced roots better helped maintain genomic DNA integrity. As the storage time increased, the integrity of the genomic DNA reduced; the integrity of the genomic DNA of sliced roots was greater than that of whole roots. Furthermore, the interactions between slicing and drying methods possibly reduced the genomic DNA integrity. Conclusion A genomic DNA degradation model and an evaluation system for herbal medicines were established. Our findings can help optimize the method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and establish the traceability of genuine herbal medicines. Key Message The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification, which is essential to determine original plants. The results of our study can help develop a method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and enable the traceability of genuine herbal medicines.
{"title":"Determination of the Genomic DNA Degradation Rate of the Chinese Herb Gentianae crassicaulis Radix During Processing and Storage","authors":"Weitao Li, Shaohua Yang, L. Ni, Zhili Zhao, Hongxi Xu","doi":"10.1177/09731296231170254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231170254","url":null,"abstract":"Background Accurate identification of Chinese herbal medicines is the basis for their research and utilization. Molecular identification can effectively differentiate original plants from counterfeit plants. The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification. However, the processing can lead to DNA degradation of the herbal medicines, which can make it difficult for their molecular identification. Objectives To establish a genomic DNA degradation model of Gentiana crassicaulis Radix to evaluate the effects of processing methods and storage times on genomic DNA integrity. Materials and Methods A genomic DNA degradation model of G. crassicaulis—the original plant source of the Chinese herbal medicine G. crassicaulis Radix—was established using a steam heating method. Genomic DNA integrity of G. crassicaulis Radix was evaluated using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of DNA barcoding markers following different processing and drying methods, including slicing (sliced roots), no slicing (whole roots), stoving, air drying, and sweating. Results CEC fingerprinting and DNA barcoding PCR effectively evaluated genomic DNA integrity. Compared to whole roots, sliced roots better helped maintain genomic DNA integrity. As the storage time increased, the integrity of the genomic DNA reduced; the integrity of the genomic DNA of sliced roots was greater than that of whole roots. Furthermore, the interactions between slicing and drying methods possibly reduced the genomic DNA integrity. Conclusion A genomic DNA degradation model and an evaluation system for herbal medicines were established. Our findings can help optimize the method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and establish the traceability of genuine herbal medicines. Key Message The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification, which is essential to determine original plants. The results of our study can help develop a method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and enable the traceability of genuine herbal medicines.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"520 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47099164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1177/09731296231169614
Lin-xuan Li, Zhu Qiao, J. Cai, Ying Liang, Yang Lin, G. Wei, Xiaoying Hou, J. Miao, Kun-hua Wei
Background Selenium (Se) plays a key role in controlling several processes in plant development, such as root growth and regulation of enzyme activity. However, research on the effects of Se in Sophora tonkinensis, a medicinal plant, has not been reported. To elucidate the effect of Se on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in tissue-cultured seedlings of S. tonkinensis. Materials and Methods Tissue culture seedlings of S. tonkinensis was treated with different concentrations of Se in the rooting medium. Agronomic traits of roots and concentrations of hormones and some secondary metabolites were measured from seedlings. Results The results show that (1) root growth of tissue culture seedlings were stimulated by Se; (2) a specific amount of Se enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the production and storage of soluble proteins and chlorophyll; and (3) Se treatment lowered brassinolide (BR) content, and 15 mg/L Se minimized abscisic acid (ABA) content, while 60 mg/L Se enhanced ABA content. The gibberellin (GA3) content in seedlings increased significantly compared with the control under the treatment of 60 mg/L Se. Conclusion Se concentration of 30 mg/L facilitated matrine and oxymatrine production and accumulation in stem/leaf tissues.
{"title":"Effects of Selenium on Growth and Biochemical Characters of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Sophora tonkinensis","authors":"Lin-xuan Li, Zhu Qiao, J. Cai, Ying Liang, Yang Lin, G. Wei, Xiaoying Hou, J. Miao, Kun-hua Wei","doi":"10.1177/09731296231169614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231169614","url":null,"abstract":"Background Selenium (Se) plays a key role in controlling several processes in plant development, such as root growth and regulation of enzyme activity. However, research on the effects of Se in Sophora tonkinensis, a medicinal plant, has not been reported. To elucidate the effect of Se on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in tissue-cultured seedlings of S. tonkinensis. Materials and Methods Tissue culture seedlings of S. tonkinensis was treated with different concentrations of Se in the rooting medium. Agronomic traits of roots and concentrations of hormones and some secondary metabolites were measured from seedlings. Results The results show that (1) root growth of tissue culture seedlings were stimulated by Se; (2) a specific amount of Se enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the production and storage of soluble proteins and chlorophyll; and (3) Se treatment lowered brassinolide (BR) content, and 15 mg/L Se minimized abscisic acid (ABA) content, while 60 mg/L Se enhanced ABA content. The gibberellin (GA3) content in seedlings increased significantly compared with the control under the treatment of 60 mg/L Se. Conclusion Se concentration of 30 mg/L facilitated matrine and oxymatrine production and accumulation in stem/leaf tissues.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"772 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives Both primary and secondary cancers require the involvement of glycolytic pathways. Cancer cell proliferation leads to the upregulation of glycolysis, which results in increased glucose consumption. For demonstrating that umbelliferone can effectively bind to several proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway, thereby inhibiting glycolysis and reducing cancer cell proliferation. Materials and Methods This study uses transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to predict the potential targets and possible pathways of umbelliferone against cancer and microscale thermophoresis (MST) to detect the affinity between umbelliferone and potential targets. Results Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with glycolytic and other metabolic pathways and proteins. According to network pharmacology and molecular docking results, glycolysis-related proteins such as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (GPD2), phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), and heat shock protein HSP-90 alpha (Hsp90AA1) are potential targets of umbelliferone against tumors. MST confirmed that umbelliferous lactone binds strongly to GPI, GPD2, and PGK2 but not to Hsp90AA1. Conclusion By binding to the glycolysis-related proteins such as GPI, GPD2, and PGK2, umbelliferone acts as an anti-tumor agent by inhibiting glycolysis, cutting off the energy supply to tumor tissue, and reducing tumor growth. It was suggested that umbelliferone might be a brand-new tumor glycolysis inhibitor and that these glycolysis-related proteins might be potential new targets for cancer therapy. This finding helped to establish a solid foundation for the anti-cancer action of umbelliferone.
{"title":"Inhibition of Tumor Glycolysis by Umbelliferone and its Binding to Glycolytic Proteins","authors":"Kangbo Peng, Yingxiao Wang, Xia Lei, Yang Wang, Yan-fang Yang, Song-tao Wu","doi":"10.1177/09731296231170256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231170256","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives Both primary and secondary cancers require the involvement of glycolytic pathways. Cancer cell proliferation leads to the upregulation of glycolysis, which results in increased glucose consumption. For demonstrating that umbelliferone can effectively bind to several proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway, thereby inhibiting glycolysis and reducing cancer cell proliferation. Materials and Methods This study uses transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to predict the potential targets and possible pathways of umbelliferone against cancer and microscale thermophoresis (MST) to detect the affinity between umbelliferone and potential targets. Results Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with glycolytic and other metabolic pathways and proteins. According to network pharmacology and molecular docking results, glycolysis-related proteins such as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (GPD2), phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), and heat shock protein HSP-90 alpha (Hsp90AA1) are potential targets of umbelliferone against tumors. MST confirmed that umbelliferous lactone binds strongly to GPI, GPD2, and PGK2 but not to Hsp90AA1. Conclusion By binding to the glycolysis-related proteins such as GPI, GPD2, and PGK2, umbelliferone acts as an anti-tumor agent by inhibiting glycolysis, cutting off the energy supply to tumor tissue, and reducing tumor growth. It was suggested that umbelliferone might be a brand-new tumor glycolysis inhibitor and that these glycolysis-related proteins might be potential new targets for cancer therapy. This finding helped to establish a solid foundation for the anti-cancer action of umbelliferone.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"626 - 637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45662562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1177/09731296231174958
Snehalata Khuntia, J. Lenka, Manaswini Dash, B. C. Sahoo, B. Kar, S. Sahoo
Background Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Black turmeric) is a perennial medicinal herb belonging to the Zingiberaceae family that is endangered in Southeast Asia. It is treasured for its high-quality essential oil with tremendous medicinal and aromatic properties. In the present scenario, C. caesia Roxb. is an unexplored plant for drug discovery. Objectives The present study was undertaken to compare the bioactivities of Thirty C. caesia rhizomes and leaf oils collected from various eco-regions of Eastern India. Materials and Methods The comparative antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and rhizome essential oils from different eco-regions of Eastern India were assessed. The antioxidant activities were evaluated against standards like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Moreover, the essential oils were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using the broth micro-dilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against multidrug resistant strains. Results Leaf essential oils exhibited a considerable level of antioxidant potential as compared to rhizome essential oils and standard BHT. Furthermore, the essential oils also possessed a significant level of inhibitory activity against three multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The rhizome essential oils had shown the most effective antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii (MIC: 0.09 to 6.25 µg/mL) when compared with the positive control, ampicillin (MIC: 25 µg/mL). Conclusion The variability in bioactivities was greatly influenced by geographical origin. The identified accessions of C. caesia, that is, Cc 26 with better bioactivity potential, might be useful for formulating drugs in the future.
{"title":"Bioactivity Screening of Thirty Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) Essential Oils Against Free Radicals and MDR Isolates","authors":"Snehalata Khuntia, J. Lenka, Manaswini Dash, B. C. Sahoo, B. Kar, S. Sahoo","doi":"10.1177/09731296231174958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231174958","url":null,"abstract":"Background Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Black turmeric) is a perennial medicinal herb belonging to the Zingiberaceae family that is endangered in Southeast Asia. It is treasured for its high-quality essential oil with tremendous medicinal and aromatic properties. In the present scenario, C. caesia Roxb. is an unexplored plant for drug discovery. Objectives The present study was undertaken to compare the bioactivities of Thirty C. caesia rhizomes and leaf oils collected from various eco-regions of Eastern India. Materials and Methods The comparative antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and rhizome essential oils from different eco-regions of Eastern India were assessed. The antioxidant activities were evaluated against standards like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Moreover, the essential oils were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using the broth micro-dilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against multidrug resistant strains. Results Leaf essential oils exhibited a considerable level of antioxidant potential as compared to rhizome essential oils and standard BHT. Furthermore, the essential oils also possessed a significant level of inhibitory activity against three multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The rhizome essential oils had shown the most effective antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii (MIC: 0.09 to 6.25 µg/mL) when compared with the positive control, ampicillin (MIC: 25 µg/mL). Conclusion The variability in bioactivities was greatly influenced by geographical origin. The identified accessions of C. caesia, that is, Cc 26 with better bioactivity potential, might be useful for formulating drugs in the future.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"615 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43977068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1177/09731296231173558
Bing Zhang, Wenyun Zhang, Jia-wei Luo, Jian He, Xiaomin Zheng, Siyang Zhu, Baoshan Rong, Yong Ai, Lanyue Zhang, Tinggang He
Background Cerasus serrulata has an excellent antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-alopecia effect, but its active ingredients and the underlying mechanism are currently unclear, in addition to the fact that the active products vary with the extraction methods. Aim Therefore, this study aims to clarify the active components and antioxidative property of C. serrulata extracted by two different methods (low-temperature vacuum extraction and ethanol extraction) and explore its potential biofunction. Materials and Methods First, the compositions in extracts were characterized by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrography (LC-MS). Then, the antioxidative activity of both extracts was evaluated using free radical scavenging assay (ABTS) and ORAC. Next, the antibacterial activity of both extracts was measured via a bacteriostatic circle experiment. The anti-alopecia effects of both extracts were studied using a mouse model of alopecia. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate hair follicles; vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in mouse skin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, while β-catenin expression in tissues was used by immunofluorescence. The expression of FGFR and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the skin was determined to evaluate using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The levels of DHT and 5α-reductase in the experimental mice were determined by ELISA. Results The GC-MS analysis results showed that the extracts were rich in alkanes and aromatic compounds, specifically benzaldehyde, which was the highest component in the cold vacuum extraction, while pipecolic acid was the main component in the ethanol extract. This indicates that C. serrulata has components that exhibit strong inhibitory ability against the growth of five common bacterial strains, expressing excellent free radical scavenging ability. In addition, the active ingredients in C. serrulata were found to significantly deregulate the protein levels in the skin of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) mice, with the levels of IL-6. They were also able to significantly inhibit VEGF reduction. The β-catenin was being significantly upregulated in skin tissue. In addition, FGFR and IGF-1 gene expression also increased. The 5α-reductase and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) can be reduced in the C. serrulata treatment. Conclusion Our data indicate that C. serrulata extract could be beneficial supplements of natural antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-alopecia agents.
{"title":"Screening the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Cerasus serrulata Flower Extracts Using Two Extraction Methods","authors":"Bing Zhang, Wenyun Zhang, Jia-wei Luo, Jian He, Xiaomin Zheng, Siyang Zhu, Baoshan Rong, Yong Ai, Lanyue Zhang, Tinggang He","doi":"10.1177/09731296231173558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231173558","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cerasus serrulata has an excellent antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-alopecia effect, but its active ingredients and the underlying mechanism are currently unclear, in addition to the fact that the active products vary with the extraction methods. Aim Therefore, this study aims to clarify the active components and antioxidative property of C. serrulata extracted by two different methods (low-temperature vacuum extraction and ethanol extraction) and explore its potential biofunction. Materials and Methods First, the compositions in extracts were characterized by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrography (LC-MS). Then, the antioxidative activity of both extracts was evaluated using free radical scavenging assay (ABTS) and ORAC. Next, the antibacterial activity of both extracts was measured via a bacteriostatic circle experiment. The anti-alopecia effects of both extracts were studied using a mouse model of alopecia. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate hair follicles; vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in mouse skin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, while β-catenin expression in tissues was used by immunofluorescence. The expression of FGFR and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the skin was determined to evaluate using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The levels of DHT and 5α-reductase in the experimental mice were determined by ELISA. Results The GC-MS analysis results showed that the extracts were rich in alkanes and aromatic compounds, specifically benzaldehyde, which was the highest component in the cold vacuum extraction, while pipecolic acid was the main component in the ethanol extract. This indicates that C. serrulata has components that exhibit strong inhibitory ability against the growth of five common bacterial strains, expressing excellent free radical scavenging ability. In addition, the active ingredients in C. serrulata were found to significantly deregulate the protein levels in the skin of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) mice, with the levels of IL-6. They were also able to significantly inhibit VEGF reduction. The β-catenin was being significantly upregulated in skin tissue. In addition, FGFR and IGF-1 gene expression also increased. The 5α-reductase and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) can be reduced in the C. serrulata treatment. Conclusion Our data indicate that C. serrulata extract could be beneficial supplements of natural antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-alopecia agents.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"551 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42840514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1177/09731296231172549
Tao Lu, Mang Dou, Chengyi Yang, Qiangyan Hu, Yin’e Wang, Suxia Pan
Background Fucoidan is a phosphorylated polysaccharide extracted from seaweed that has a renal protective effect. However, whether Fucoidan can be used to prevent chronic kidney disease with mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) is still a mystery and thus becomes the target of this research. Materials and Methods CKD-MBD mouse models were constructed, and the effects of Fucoidan and Klotho on CKD-MBD were determined through treatment of Fucoidan (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) by gavage or tail vein injection of Klotho specific to small interfering RNA (siKlotho). The biochemical indicators related to renal function and bone metabolism in serum were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone density was measured by X-ray. The effect of Fucoidan or siKlotho on kidney damage was tested by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining or Elastica Masson-Goldner (EMG) staining. The expressions of Klotho, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in kidney tissue after Fucoidan treatment and/or siKlotho injection were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, or Western blot. Results Fucoidan treatment inhibited the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), while promoting 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels in serum. Fucoidan also increased bone density in mice, alleviated kidney damage and fibrosis of kidney tissue, promoted the expression of Klotho and Runx2, and inhibited the expression of α-SMA in kidney tissue. However, the above-mentioned therapeutic effects of Fucoidan were all reversed by siKlotho. Conclusion Fucoidan prevents CKD-MBD by up-regulating Klotho levels.
{"title":"Fucoidan Attenuated Kidney and Bone Damage Caused by CKD-MBD in Mice by Upregulating Klotho","authors":"Tao Lu, Mang Dou, Chengyi Yang, Qiangyan Hu, Yin’e Wang, Suxia Pan","doi":"10.1177/09731296231172549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231172549","url":null,"abstract":"Background Fucoidan is a phosphorylated polysaccharide extracted from seaweed that has a renal protective effect. However, whether Fucoidan can be used to prevent chronic kidney disease with mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) is still a mystery and thus becomes the target of this research. Materials and Methods CKD-MBD mouse models were constructed, and the effects of Fucoidan and Klotho on CKD-MBD were determined through treatment of Fucoidan (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) by gavage or tail vein injection of Klotho specific to small interfering RNA (siKlotho). The biochemical indicators related to renal function and bone metabolism in serum were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone density was measured by X-ray. The effect of Fucoidan or siKlotho on kidney damage was tested by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining or Elastica Masson-Goldner (EMG) staining. The expressions of Klotho, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in kidney tissue after Fucoidan treatment and/or siKlotho injection were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, or Western blot. Results Fucoidan treatment inhibited the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), while promoting 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels in serum. Fucoidan also increased bone density in mice, alleviated kidney damage and fibrosis of kidney tissue, promoted the expression of Klotho and Runx2, and inhibited the expression of α-SMA in kidney tissue. However, the above-mentioned therapeutic effects of Fucoidan were all reversed by siKlotho. Conclusion Fucoidan prevents CKD-MBD by up-regulating Klotho levels.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"564 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47771808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1177/09731296231168747
Yufeng Sun, Xiuxia Zheng, Dong Zhu, Dongyan Guan, Bei Fan, Fengzhong Wang
Background Dendrobium officinale is a valuable medicinal food plant in China, and its component gigantol has various biological activities. However, due to the low extraction rate of gigantol, its application in the functional food industry is limited. This research aimed to explore an effective gigantol extraction method. Results Ultrasonic-assisted dry grinding extraction of gigantol from D. officinale almost reached completion after 15 min. The extraction rate of gigantol reached 65%, which was higher than that of the conventional heating refluxing method of extraction. Most cells were broken, and particle size was approximately 410 nm when D. officinale was ground for 15 min. Conclusion The results indicated that ultrasonic-assisted dry grinding is a highly effective gigantol extraction method that is valuable for the efficient use and low-cost extraction of gigantol from the medicinal food plant D. officinale. Furthermore, this method will be beneficial for the future application of gigantol in the functional food industry.
{"title":"Highly Effective Extraction of Gigantol from Dendrobium officinale Using the Ultrasonic-assisted Dry Grinding","authors":"Yufeng Sun, Xiuxia Zheng, Dong Zhu, Dongyan Guan, Bei Fan, Fengzhong Wang","doi":"10.1177/09731296231168747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231168747","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dendrobium officinale is a valuable medicinal food plant in China, and its component gigantol has various biological activities. However, due to the low extraction rate of gigantol, its application in the functional food industry is limited. This research aimed to explore an effective gigantol extraction method. Results Ultrasonic-assisted dry grinding extraction of gigantol from D. officinale almost reached completion after 15 min. The extraction rate of gigantol reached 65%, which was higher than that of the conventional heating refluxing method of extraction. Most cells were broken, and particle size was approximately 410 nm when D. officinale was ground for 15 min. Conclusion The results indicated that ultrasonic-assisted dry grinding is a highly effective gigantol extraction method that is valuable for the efficient use and low-cost extraction of gigantol from the medicinal food plant D. officinale. Furthermore, this method will be beneficial for the future application of gigantol in the functional food industry.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"574 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1177/09731296231170932
Tong Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Yan Li, Miao Xie, L. Gao, Yuefei Wang, Bin Li, Shan Huang
Background Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a traditional Chinese medicine, and its flowers, leaves, and seeds are widely used as food. Currently, E. ulmoides seed oil is capable of improving glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice, but E. ulmoides seed meal is not fully utilized, and the anti-photoaging effect of it is still unclear. Objectives We examined the anti-photoaging effect of the ethanol extracts of E. ulmoides seed meal (EUSM) in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells and mice. Materials and Methods EUSM was analyzed using Q-Orbitrap-based high-resolution LC-MS/MS. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted using normal mice and HaCaT cells, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson’s staining were used to evaluate epidermal thickness and degree of skin fibrosis. The production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and total protein using ELISA kits. The expression of levels for collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1), hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL-1), MMP-3, and MMP-9 were assessed using semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results EUSM contains all-trans-retinoic acid, medicagenic acid, and other chemical constituents. EUSM increased the level of total collagen by reducing matrix metalloproteinase expression, and it enhanced the content of HA. In addition, EUSM reduced the production of wrinkles in UVB-induced mouse skin and showed that EUSM decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the mouse skin tissue. Conclusion EUSM has therapeutic potential for UVB-induced skin photoaging and provided a rationale for the application of EUSM in the cosmetic field.
{"title":"Anti-Photoaging Effects of the Ethanol Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Seed Meal on UVB-irradiated HaCaT Cells and Mice","authors":"Tong Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Yan Li, Miao Xie, L. Gao, Yuefei Wang, Bin Li, Shan Huang","doi":"10.1177/09731296231170932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231170932","url":null,"abstract":"Background Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a traditional Chinese medicine, and its flowers, leaves, and seeds are widely used as food. Currently, E. ulmoides seed oil is capable of improving glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice, but E. ulmoides seed meal is not fully utilized, and the anti-photoaging effect of it is still unclear. Objectives We examined the anti-photoaging effect of the ethanol extracts of E. ulmoides seed meal (EUSM) in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells and mice. Materials and Methods EUSM was analyzed using Q-Orbitrap-based high-resolution LC-MS/MS. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted using normal mice and HaCaT cells, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson’s staining were used to evaluate epidermal thickness and degree of skin fibrosis. The production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and total protein using ELISA kits. The expression of levels for collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1), hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL-1), MMP-3, and MMP-9 were assessed using semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results EUSM contains all-trans-retinoic acid, medicagenic acid, and other chemical constituents. EUSM increased the level of total collagen by reducing matrix metalloproteinase expression, and it enhanced the content of HA. In addition, EUSM reduced the production of wrinkles in UVB-induced mouse skin and showed that EUSM decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the mouse skin tissue. Conclusion EUSM has therapeutic potential for UVB-induced skin photoaging and provided a rationale for the application of EUSM in the cosmetic field.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"603 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Quartz album is one of the mineral drugs commonly used in Chinese medicine. Different geogenesis of Quartz album led to differences in its composition and thus affected its clinical efficacy. Mineral Chinese medicines are mainly composed of inorganic elements, including some heavy metals and harmful elements, so their quality control is crucial to their clinical safety. Materials and Methods In this study, the contents of 30 elements in 13 batches Quartz album of different origins were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multiple elements and chemometrics were used to distinguish its different geogenesis. Results We found that the top elements in order of content were as follows: Al>Fe>Ca>K>Mg>Ti>Mn, all with content greater than 100 µg/g. In addition, the contents ranges of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Cu were 1.603–637.705, 0.011–1.387, 0.348–41.298, 0.033–10.877, and 0.808–86.482 µg/g, respectively. Quartz albums produced in Fengyang County, Anhui Province, had the lowest content of heavy metals. Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation among the elements in the samples. Chemometrics were used to analyze the elemental content, and the results of the different models were found to be consistent and could be used to distinguish between Quartz albums of different geogenesis. Conclusion This study provided a reference for the quality control and safety of the clinical application of Quartz album.
{"title":"Simultaneous Quantification of 30 Elements in the Mineral Chinese Medicine Quartz Album by ICP-MS for the Identification of Different Geogenesis","authors":"Chenyu Xu, Xingyu Zhu, Yulu Ma, Baofei Yan, Shilin Dai, Xiuxiu Wang, Jin Zhao, Yin Wang, Sichen Wu, Qian Zhao, Xiaohua Bao, Wenguo Yang, Fang Fang, Shengjin Liu","doi":"10.1177/09731296231171443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231171443","url":null,"abstract":"Background Quartz album is one of the mineral drugs commonly used in Chinese medicine. Different geogenesis of Quartz album led to differences in its composition and thus affected its clinical efficacy. Mineral Chinese medicines are mainly composed of inorganic elements, including some heavy metals and harmful elements, so their quality control is crucial to their clinical safety. Materials and Methods In this study, the contents of 30 elements in 13 batches Quartz album of different origins were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multiple elements and chemometrics were used to distinguish its different geogenesis. Results We found that the top elements in order of content were as follows: Al>Fe>Ca>K>Mg>Ti>Mn, all with content greater than 100 µg/g. In addition, the contents ranges of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Cu were 1.603–637.705, 0.011–1.387, 0.348–41.298, 0.033–10.877, and 0.808–86.482 µg/g, respectively. Quartz albums produced in Fengyang County, Anhui Province, had the lowest content of heavy metals. Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation among the elements in the samples. Chemometrics were used to analyze the elemental content, and the results of the different models were found to be consistent and could be used to distinguish between Quartz albums of different geogenesis. Conclusion This study provided a reference for the quality control and safety of the clinical application of Quartz album.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135502884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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