Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.18054/pb.v123i3-4.10472
M. Matovina, Steffi Lemmens, M. Kralj, K. Ester
Background and purpose: PEI is a cationic polymer able to neutralise negative DNA charges and to condense large genes which makes it suitable for gene delivery in human cells. Despite its low cost, simplicity of use and moderate toxicity, there is still room for broader usage and experimental adjustments, especially in cell lines that are difficult to transfect. In the presented research, we used PEI for the delivery of plasmid DNA into TNBC cell line SUM159 and breast CSC model HMLE-Twist.Material and methods: Cultured cells were transfected with GFP-expressing plasmid using both PEI and Lipofectamin. Transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry measurements of the intensity of the green fluorescence, while viability was determined by measuring intensity of the red fluorescence after propidium iodide staining. Results: In SUM159 and HMLE-Twist cells we obtain transfection efficiency between 30-40% using PEI, while cytotoxicity was generally low to moderate. PEI caused 10% of cell death in SUM159 and 20 % in HMLE-Twist. Transfection efficiency of PEI was comparable and even higher than the efficiency of the Lipofectamine in both SUM159 and HMLE-Twist. In mammary epithelia (control HMLE) we obtained only 20 % transfection efficiency using both carriers.Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that PEI represents a suitable nanocarrier for gene delivery into breast CSC model. We successfully transfected both breast CSC model HMLE-Twist and TNBC line SUM159. Since PEI is inexpensive and easy to use, we recommend it for further exploitations of these cell lines in TNBC research.
{"title":"Polyethylenimine as a gene delivery tool in triple-negative breast cancer cell line and breast cancer stem cell model","authors":"M. Matovina, Steffi Lemmens, M. Kralj, K. Ester","doi":"10.18054/pb.v123i3-4.10472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i3-4.10472","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: PEI is a cationic polymer able to neutralise negative DNA charges and to condense large genes which makes it suitable for gene delivery in human cells. Despite its low cost, simplicity of use and moderate toxicity, there is still room for broader usage and experimental adjustments, especially in cell lines that are difficult to transfect. In the presented research, we used PEI for the delivery of plasmid DNA into TNBC cell line SUM159 and breast CSC model HMLE-Twist.Material and methods: Cultured cells were transfected with GFP-expressing plasmid using both PEI and Lipofectamin. Transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry measurements of the intensity of the green fluorescence, while viability was determined by measuring intensity of the red fluorescence after propidium iodide staining. Results: In SUM159 and HMLE-Twist cells we obtain transfection efficiency between 30-40% using PEI, while cytotoxicity was generally low to moderate. PEI caused 10% of cell death in SUM159 and 20 % in HMLE-Twist. Transfection efficiency of PEI was comparable and even higher than the efficiency of the Lipofectamine in both SUM159 and HMLE-Twist. In mammary epithelia (control HMLE) we obtained only 20 % transfection efficiency using both carriers.Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that PEI represents a suitable nanocarrier for gene delivery into breast CSC model. We successfully transfected both breast CSC model HMLE-Twist and TNBC line SUM159. Since PEI is inexpensive and easy to use, we recommend it for further exploitations of these cell lines in TNBC research.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and purpose: Staphylococcus sp. are pathogenic bacteria widely investigated for its high incidence in clinical environments and its ability to form strong biofilms. The biofilm-related infections can resist several antimicrobial agents; therefore, the therapy of these infections may face difficulties. The aim of this study is to identify staphylococcal bacteria isolated from dental clinics, evaluate the effect of some disinfectants on removing the preformed biofilms and to demonstrate the adhesion of cells on the surfaces of some materials used for manufacturing the dental material using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Material and Methods: Out of 70 different swabs, 12 Staphylococcal isolates were recovered. All isolates were subjected to 13 antimicrobial agents to test their sensitivity. The biofilm established isolates, as well as the effect of some disinfectant as removal agents of the preformed biofilm were estimated using microtiter plate (MtP) test. SEM was used for demonstrating biofilm formation by the tested isolates on stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Results: Of 12 Staphylococcus isolates, 33.3, 16.6 and 50% were shown strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. Adhesions of the preformed biofilm were found to be reduced in the presence of betadine and sodium bicarbonate. Captured photographs by SEM confirmed the capability of biofilm formation by S. aureus H3 and S. hominis M0401 on stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Conclusion: the effective preventive strategies for infection control are essential to prevent staphylococcal infections in the dental clinics. This study reveals effective antibiofilm agents as betadine and sodium bicarbonate.
{"title":"Disinfectant as Removal Agent of the Pre-Formed Biofilm by Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Dental Clinics in Taif, KSA","authors":"Mahassen Khalil., H. Elhariry, Tahany M. Alzaidi","doi":"10.18054/pb.v123i1.6850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i1.6850","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Staphylococcus sp. are pathogenic bacteria widely investigated for its high incidence in clinical environments and its ability to form strong biofilms. The biofilm-related infections can resist several antimicrobial agents; therefore, the therapy of these infections may face difficulties. The aim of this study is to identify staphylococcal bacteria isolated from dental clinics, evaluate the effect of some disinfectants on removing the preformed biofilms and to demonstrate the adhesion of cells on the surfaces of some materials used for manufacturing the dental material using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Material and Methods: Out of 70 different swabs, 12 Staphylococcal isolates were recovered. All isolates were subjected to 13 antimicrobial agents to test their sensitivity. The biofilm established isolates, as well as the effect of some disinfectant as removal agents of the preformed biofilm were estimated using microtiter plate (MtP) test. SEM was used for demonstrating biofilm formation by the tested isolates on stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Results: Of 12 Staphylococcus isolates, 33.3, 16.6 and 50% were shown strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. Adhesions of the preformed biofilm were found to be reduced in the presence of betadine and sodium bicarbonate. Captured photographs by SEM confirmed the capability of biofilm formation by S. aureus H3 and S. hominis M0401 on stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Conclusion: the effective preventive strategies for infection control are essential to prevent staphylococcal infections in the dental clinics. This study reveals effective antibiofilm agents as betadine and sodium bicarbonate.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and purpose: Teratological cases in insects can be of different characteristic, quite often they are bifurcations, for example of antennal segments or parts of the legs. The aim of this paper is to report a remarkable case of leg duplication in Carabus violaceus L. Materials and methods: In the context of an interdisciplinary monitoring in the frame of a conservation project on the European bison (Bison bonasus (L.)) in Poland the carabid fauna (Carabidae) on areas grazed by this species was studied using pitfall traps in the Pszczyna forest, located in Silesia Province, to the south of the town Tychy. The traps were located inside a mixed fresh coniferous forest, with domination of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Results: Among the carabids gathered a remarkable teratological female specimen of the species Carabus violaceus L. with repeated anatomical duplications on the right front leg was collected. Conclusions: The repeated incident of bifurcation suggest a genetic base of the teratology. An increased rate of teratological cases may have potential as bioindicator.
{"title":"A remarkable teratological case in Carabus violaceus L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Poland","authors":"A. Schwerk, D. Klich, E. Wojtowicz","doi":"10.18054/pb.v123i1.7790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i1.7790","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Teratological cases in insects can be of different characteristic, quite often they are bifurcations, for example of antennal segments or parts of the legs. The aim of this paper is to report a remarkable case of leg duplication in Carabus violaceus L. \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods: In the context of an interdisciplinary monitoring in the frame of a conservation project on the European bison (Bison bonasus (L.)) in Poland the carabid fauna (Carabidae) on areas grazed by this species was studied using pitfall traps in the Pszczyna forest, located in Silesia Province, to the south of the town Tychy. The traps were located inside a mixed fresh coniferous forest, with domination of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). \u0000 \u0000Results: Among the carabids gathered a remarkable teratological female specimen of the species Carabus violaceus L. with repeated anatomical duplications on the right front leg was collected. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: The repeated incident of bifurcation suggest a genetic base of the teratology. An increased rate of teratological cases may have potential as bioindicator.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45777675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background In Slovenia, compensatory habitats (CH) are currently determined on the basis of a subjective expert judgement and without using any clearly defined methodology, due to which the success rates of CH implementation are low. The aim of this research is to fill in a methodological gap and propose a new multi-level system for planning CH. The system assures a transparent and more objective determination of the size of a CH in the processes of appropriate assessments (AA). Materials and methods: The system was developed by using a multi criteria decision analysis, a multi-attribute decision support model and the DEXi modelling tool. It was tested on a study case the Škofljica bypass road with its impact to a Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) at Natura 2000 site Ljubljansko barje. Results: The system with three modules and a possibility of what-if analysis was developed to assess the species endangerment and the size of the CH. The system identified that the case study has significant impacts to the Whinchat, therefore the CH of a slightly larger size than the habitat lost was proposed. In addition, the system indicated that only one of the three potential locations of the CH is suitable for implementing the CH. Conclusions: The system allows a transparent and more objective assessment of the spatial plan. It is a new, easy-to-use, adjustable, cost- and time-efficient method that can be used to make reliable and transparent decisions during the assessment processes. Keywords: Natura 2000; Offsetting; Ecological compensation; Habitat (re)creation; Appropriate Assessment; Sustainable development;
{"title":"A multi-level system for planning compensatory habitats as a new tool to prevent biodiversity loss in protected areas due to development plans","authors":"Renata Rozman, D. Tome, M. Debeljak","doi":"10.18054/pb.v123i1.7161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i1.7161","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000In Slovenia, compensatory habitats (CH) are currently determined on the basis of a subjective expert judgement and without using any clearly defined methodology, due to which the success rates of CH implementation are low. The aim of this research is to fill in a methodological gap and propose a new multi-level system for planning CH. The system assures a transparent and more objective determination of the size of a CH in the processes of appropriate assessments (AA). \u0000 Materials and methods: \u0000The system was developed by using a multi criteria decision analysis, a multi-attribute decision support model and the DEXi modelling tool. It was tested on a study case the Škofljica bypass road with its impact to a Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) at Natura 2000 site Ljubljansko barje. \u0000 Results: \u0000The system with three modules and a possibility of what-if analysis was developed to assess the species endangerment and the size of the CH. The system identified that the case study has significant impacts to the Whinchat, therefore the CH of a slightly larger size than the habitat lost was proposed. In addition, the system indicated that only one of the three potential locations of the CH is suitable for implementing the CH. \u0000 Conclusions: \u0000The system allows a transparent and more objective assessment of the spatial plan. It is a new, easy-to-use, adjustable, cost- and time-efficient method that can be used to make reliable and transparent decisions during the assessment processes. \u0000 Keywords: \u0000Natura 2000; Offsetting; Ecological compensation; Habitat (re)creation; Appropriate Assessment; Sustainable development;","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45373973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Said Oulkheir, Halima Safouan, Fadwa El Housse, M. Aghrouch, K. Ounine, A. Douira, S. Chadli
Background and Purpose: Air is the greatest dissemination agency of pathogenic microbes, which cause significant problem in the indoor hospital environment, in particularly in terms of nosocomial infections. In this context, it is important to know the types of microorganisms present in suspension in an air sample to assess the initial situation and the effectiveness of corrective measures. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a three hospital units: central resuscitation, neonatal resuscitation and operating room, using a passive sampling method. Results: Findings of this study indicated that the central resuscitation recorded the highest bacterial counts population 3.33 102 CFU/m3. Total viable count of fungal was recorded high in neonatal resuscitation. This research showed that Staphylococcus non aureus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most predominant among isolated bacteria. The percentage was 70% -21% in central resuscitation and 79%-13% in operating room. In neonatal resuscitation Staphylococcus non aureus represent (29%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%) and Pasteurella pneumotropica (16%). Thus, the fungal genera identified in operating room were Penicillium 61%, Aspergillus niger (20%) and Candida glabrata (19%). In neonatal resuscitation, we found Penicillium 51%, Candida glabrata 25% and Aspergillus niger 20%. In central resuscitation, the most predominant fungi were Cladosporium (30%), Penicillium (28%) and Candida glabrata (13%). Conclusions: Microorganisms isolated from indoor air constitute microbial reservoirs that may present a risk of infection for both patients and staff. In this light microbiological monitoring of the environment in health facilities is a topic that is part of the news of the prevention of nosocomial infections.
{"title":"Assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a public hospital in the city of Agadir, Morocco","authors":"Said Oulkheir, Halima Safouan, Fadwa El Housse, M. Aghrouch, K. Ounine, A. Douira, S. Chadli","doi":"10.18054/pb.v123i1.6461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i1.6461","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Air is the greatest dissemination agency of pathogenic microbes, which cause significant problem in the indoor hospital environment, in particularly in terms of nosocomial infections. In this context, it is important to know the types of microorganisms present in suspension in an air sample to assess the initial situation and the effectiveness of corrective measures. \u0000 Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a three hospital units: central resuscitation, neonatal resuscitation and operating room, using a passive sampling method. \u0000 Results: Findings of this study indicated that the central resuscitation recorded the highest bacterial counts population 3.33 102 CFU/m3. Total viable count of fungal was recorded high in neonatal resuscitation. This research showed that Staphylococcus non aureus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most predominant among isolated bacteria. The percentage was 70% -21% in central resuscitation and 79%-13% in operating room. In neonatal resuscitation Staphylococcus non aureus represent (29%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%) and Pasteurella pneumotropica (16%). Thus, the fungal genera identified in operating room were Penicillium 61%, Aspergillus niger (20%) and Candida glabrata (19%). In neonatal resuscitation, we found Penicillium 51%, Candida glabrata 25% and Aspergillus niger 20%. In central resuscitation, the most predominant fungi were Cladosporium (30%), Penicillium (28%) and Candida glabrata (13%). \u0000 Conclusions: Microorganisms isolated from indoor air constitute microbial reservoirs that may present a risk of infection for both patients and staff. In this light microbiological monitoring of the environment in health facilities is a topic that is part of the news of the prevention of nosocomial infections.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41529236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Purpose: The species Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) is South American (or pan-tropical) free-floating, aquatic macrophyte, present on all continents, except Antarctica, today. In Europe it occurs occasionally and casually in many countries, but it is established only in thermally abnormal waters in Slovenia, France and Germany. Although it was found in different European countries, even in Slovenia, it has never been recorded in Croatia. Materials and Methods: Floristic research in the Sava-Strmec Special reserve (Zagreb County) was carried out during autumn (September and November) of 2017, using GPS Receiver to determine investigated localities. Results: The species Pistia stratiotes was firstly recorded on 9th September 2017 on one locality in the Sava-Strmec Special reserve (Zagreb County). On 24th and 27th November 2017 several other localities in the vicinity were found. On each locality a small colony of plants was found. Although exact introduction pathway is not known, several possible pathways were taken into consideration and discussed. Conclusion: A first record of the macrophyte Pistia stratiotes for Croatia is reported here. For now, it should be treated as a casual alien species.
{"title":"First record of Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) in Croatia, with the consideration of possible introduction pathways","authors":"I. Boršić, Tomica Rubinić","doi":"10.18054/pb.v123i1.7674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i1.7674","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: The species Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) is South American (or pan-tropical) free-floating, aquatic macrophyte, present on all continents, except Antarctica, today. In Europe it occurs occasionally and casually in many countries, but it is established only in thermally abnormal waters in Slovenia, France and Germany. Although it was found in different European countries, even in Slovenia, it has never been recorded in Croatia. \u0000Materials and Methods: Floristic research in the Sava-Strmec Special reserve (Zagreb County) was carried out during autumn (September and November) of 2017, using GPS Receiver to determine investigated localities. \u0000Results: The species Pistia stratiotes was firstly recorded on 9th September 2017 on one locality in the Sava-Strmec Special reserve (Zagreb County). On 24th and 27th November 2017 several other localities in the vicinity were found. On each locality a small colony of plants was found. Although exact introduction pathway is not known, several possible pathways were taken into consideration and discussed. \u0000Conclusion: A first record of the macrophyte Pistia stratiotes for Croatia is reported here. For now, it should be treated as a casual alien species.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-506346/V1
Maryam Mohammadhosseini, H. Mirzaei, A. Majd, M. Farhadi, N. Shayanfar
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among Iranian women. In recent years, the study of dysfunction in the expression of cell-cell junction genes and the related proteins in the malignant process has been at the center of attention. MethodsIn this study, 50 patients were selected who had both cancerous tissue and adjacent healthy tissue. The expression of the desmoglein 2 gene was evaluated. Healthy and cancerous tissue were compared using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. The total protein was also compared between these two groups. The ultrastructural examination was performed.ResultsThe real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed a decrease in the expression of the desmoglein 2 gene in all tumor samples compared to the healthy samples (p-value <0.0001). Besides, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was equal to 0.98. Transmission electron microscopy microscopic studies revealed a change in the status of desmosomal junctions. These findings were consistent with the qualitative decrease in the protein expression between the two target groups.ConclusionOverall, the findings showed that the association between desmoglein 2 gene expression and alterations in cellular connections leads to impaired cellular connections, which is an important risk factor for breast cancer. This result proposed the understudy gene as a new biomarker in the development of breast cancer.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Ultrastructure and Expression of Desmoglein 2 in Breast Cancer: A Novel Biomarker","authors":"Maryam Mohammadhosseini, H. Mirzaei, A. Majd, M. Farhadi, N. Shayanfar","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-506346/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-506346/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among Iranian women. In recent years, the study of dysfunction in the expression of cell-cell junction genes and the related proteins in the malignant process has been at the center of attention. MethodsIn this study, 50 patients were selected who had both cancerous tissue and adjacent healthy tissue. The expression of the desmoglein 2 gene was evaluated. Healthy and cancerous tissue were compared using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. The total protein was also compared between these two groups. The ultrastructural examination was performed.ResultsThe real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed a decrease in the expression of the desmoglein 2 gene in all tumor samples compared to the healthy samples (p-value <0.0001). Besides, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was equal to 0.98. Transmission electron microscopy microscopic studies revealed a change in the status of desmosomal junctions. These findings were consistent with the qualitative decrease in the protein expression between the two target groups.ConclusionOverall, the findings showed that the association between desmoglein 2 gene expression and alterations in cellular connections leads to impaired cellular connections, which is an important risk factor for breast cancer. This result proposed the understudy gene as a new biomarker in the development of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18054/PB.V121-122I1-2.10718
Vedran Radujković
{"title":"Epigenetic drug 5-azacytidine impairs the potential for odontogenesis but improves tooth morphogenesis in the transplanted embryonic mandible","authors":"Vedran Radujković","doi":"10.18054/PB.V121-122I1-2.10718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/PB.V121-122I1-2.10718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10516
J. Ludwig-Müller
Plants need hormone substances to regulate a plethora of responses during their life cycle. One major hormone class is called auxin, which is involved in many developmental processes. Besides the major auxin indole-3-acetic acid, there are other auxin-like molecules present in some, but not in all plants, an example would be chlorinated IAA in legumes. Among these are also the auxins with longer chains, indole-3-propionic acid and indole3-butyric acid. The auxin-dependent growth response is dependent on the concentration of the compound. While lower concentrations are mainly growth promoting, high concentrations are actually inhibiting some developmental processes. Therefore, tight control of the auxin concentration is essential for proper growth and development. This can be achieved by altering the amount of active auxin via transport, biosynthesis, degradation or reversible conjugation to small molecules. In addition, plants use auxin during their interaction with the environment, for example during abiotic stresses such as salt, temperature or water stress to adapt the growth responses specifically. Furthermore, auxin is involved in the development of plant disease symptoms, such as tumor growth or aberrant tissue formation. However, together with other plant hormones such as salicylic acid auxin can also modulate disease progression or resistance in different plant – microbe combinations.
{"title":"Synthesis and hydrolysis of auxins and their conjugates with different side-chain lengths: are all products active auxins?","authors":"J. Ludwig-Müller","doi":"10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10516","url":null,"abstract":"Plants need hormone substances to regulate a plethora of responses during their life cycle. One major hormone class is called auxin, which is involved in many developmental processes. Besides the major auxin indole-3-acetic acid, there are other auxin-like molecules present in some, but not in all plants, an example would be chlorinated IAA in legumes. Among these are also the auxins with longer chains, indole-3-propionic acid and indole3-butyric acid. The auxin-dependent growth response is dependent on the concentration of the compound. While lower concentrations are mainly growth promoting, high concentrations are actually inhibiting some developmental processes. Therefore, tight control of the auxin concentration is essential for proper growth and development. This can be achieved by altering the amount of active auxin via transport, biosynthesis, degradation or reversible conjugation to small molecules. In addition, plants use auxin during their interaction with the environment, for example during abiotic stresses such as salt, temperature or water stress to adapt the growth responses specifically. Furthermore, auxin is involved in the development of plant disease symptoms, such as tumor growth or aberrant tissue formation. However, together with other plant hormones such as salicylic acid auxin can also modulate disease progression or resistance in different plant – microbe combinations.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45777397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10994
Dora Markulin
CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems are present in many bacteria and archaea and provide protection against invading DNA such as phages and plasmids. These systems are very versatile and complex in their gene composition and genomic architecture. CRISPR-Cas systems are classified into 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes although this number is not definitive and the research is ongoing. All CRISPR-Cas systems have been thoroughly investigated in order to better understand the mechanism of CRISPR immunity enabling its use as a tool in genome editing and other biotechnological applications. However, regulation of the CRISPR-Cas system is also very complex and still not fully understood; it must provide optimal protection without introducing harmful consequences to the host. In this review, we give an overview on the regulation of the CRISPR-Cas system Class 1 Type I-E in Escherichia coli with the emphasis on the role of temperature in the regulation of the CRISPR-Cas activity and the interplay of the key regulators H-NS and StpA repressors and LeuO antirepressor in regulation of cas gene expression and HtpG chaperone in maintaining functional levels of Cas3.
CRISPR-Cas适应性免疫系统存在于许多细菌和古菌中，并提供对入侵DNA（如噬菌体和质粒）的保护。这些系统在基因组成和基因组结构方面非常通用和复杂。CRISPR-Cas系统分为2类、6种类型和33种亚型，尽管这一数字尚不明确，研究仍在进行中。为了更好地了解CRISPR免疫的机制，使其能够作为基因组编辑和其他生物技术应用的工具，所有CRISPR-Cas系统都经过了彻底的研究。然而，CRISPR-Cas系统的调节也非常复杂，仍然没有完全理解；它必须在不给主机带来有害后果的情况下提供最佳保护。在这篇综述中，我们概述了CRISPR-Cas系统Class 1 Type I-E在大肠杆菌中的调节，重点介绍了温度在CRISPR-Cas活性调节中的作用，以及关键调节因子H-NS和StpA阻遏物和LeuO抗阻遏物在Cas基因表达调节中的相互作用，以及HtpG伴侣在维持Cas3功能水平中的作用。
{"title":"CRISPR-Cas in Escherichia coli: regulation by H-NS, LeuO and temperature","authors":"Dora Markulin","doi":"10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10994","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems are present in many bacteria and archaea and provide protection against invading DNA such as phages and plasmids. These systems are very versatile and complex in their gene composition and genomic architecture. CRISPR-Cas systems are classified into 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes although this number is not definitive and the research is ongoing. All CRISPR-Cas systems have been thoroughly investigated in order to better understand the mechanism of CRISPR immunity enabling its use as a tool in genome editing and other biotechnological applications. However, regulation of the CRISPR-Cas system is also very complex and still not fully understood; it must provide optimal protection without introducing harmful consequences to the host. In this review, we give an overview on the regulation of the CRISPR-Cas system Class 1 Type I-E in Escherichia coli with the emphasis on the role of temperature in the regulation of the CRISPR-Cas activity and the interplay of the key regulators H-NS and StpA repressors and LeuO antirepressor in regulation of cas gene expression and HtpG chaperone in maintaining functional levels of Cas3.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：