Performance Evaluation最新文献

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An analysis of probabilistic forwarding of coded packets on random geometric graphs 随机几何图上编码数据包的概率转发分析

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peva.2023.102343

B.R. Vinay Kumar , Navin Kashyap , D. Yogeshwaran

We consider the problem of energy-efficient broadcasting on large ad-hoc networks. Ad-hoc networks are generally modelled using random geometric graphs (RGGs). Here, nodes are deployed uniformly in a square area around the origin, and any two nodes which are within Euclidean distance of 1 are assumed to be able to receive each other’s broadcast. A source node at the origin encodes $k$ data packets of information into $n (> k)$ coded packets and transmits them to all its one-hop neighbours. The encoding is such that, any node that receives at least $k$ out of the $n$ coded packets can retrieve the original $k$ data packets. Every other node in the network follows a probabilistic forwarding protocol; upon reception of a previously unreceived packet, the node forwards it with probability $p$ and does nothing with probability $1 - p$ . We are interested in the minimum forwarding probability which ensures that a large fraction of nodes can decode the information from the source. We deem this a near-broadcast. The performance metric of interest is the expected total number of transmissions at this minimum forwarding probability, where the expectation is over both the forwarding protocol as well as the realization of the RGG. In comparison to probabilistic forwarding with no coding, our treatment of the problem indicates that, with a judicious choice of $n$ , it is possible to reduce the expected total number of transmissions while ensuring a near-broadcast.

我们研究了大型自组织网络中节能广播的问题。Ad-hoc网络通常使用随机几何图(rgg)建模。在这里，节点被均匀地部署在原点周围的正方形区域内，假设在欧氏距离为1的任意两个节点都能够接收到对方的广播。在原点处的源节点将k个数据包的信息编码成n(>k)个编码的数据包，并将它们发送给所有的单跳邻居。编码是这样的，任何接收到n个编码数据包中的至少k个的节点都可以检索到原始的k个数据包。网络中的其他节点遵循概率转发协议;在接收到之前未接收到的数据包时，节点以p的概率转发它，并且以1 - p的概率不做任何事情。我们感兴趣的是最小转发概率，以确保大部分节点能够解码来自源的信息。我们认为这是近距广播。感兴趣的性能指标是在这个最小转发概率下的预期传输总数，其中期望是转发协议和RGG的实现。与不编码的概率转发相比，我们对问题的处理表明，通过明智地选择n，有可能减少预期的传输总数，同时确保接近广播。

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Adaptive Intelligent Tiering for modern storage systems 现代存储系统的自适应智能分层

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peva.2023.102332

Lu Pang , Anis Alazzawe , Madhurima Ray , Krishna Kant , Jeremy Swift

Enterprise systems routinely use tiered storage consisting of a hierarchy of storage devices that vary in speed and size. One key to obtaining good performance in such a hierarchy is to migrate data elements intelligently to the appropriate tier. For example, moving the most used data towards the fastest tier and the least used data towards the slowest tier. Tiering is typically done based on usage statistics over relatively long time periods. In this paper, we consider a much more agile tiering mechanism called Adaptive Intelligent Tiering (AIT). It can dynamically adapt to the changing behavior of storage accesses by the running applications. The AIT mechanism uses a deep learning model to generate a set of candidate movements and employs a reinforcement learning mechanism to further refine the candidates. Based on extensive simulations in a 3-tier system, we show that the proposed scheme, compared with several other methods, enhances workload performance up to 85% on storage traces with a wide range of characteristics.

企业系统通常使用分层存储，分层存储由不同速度和大小的存储设备组成。在这种层次结构中获得良好性能的一个关键是将数据元素智能地迁移到适当的层。例如，将使用最多的数据移动到最快的层，将使用最少的数据移动到最慢的层。分级通常基于相对较长时间内的使用统计数据。在本文中，我们考虑了一种更敏捷的分层机制，称为自适应智能分层(AIT)。它可以动态地适应运行中的应用程序对存储访问行为的变化。AIT机制使用深度学习模型生成一组候选运动，并使用强化学习机制进一步细化候选。基于在三层系统中的大量模拟，我们表明，与其他几种方法相比，所提出的方案在具有广泛特征的存储走线上将工作负载性能提高了85%。

引用次数: 0

French language abstracts 法语摘要

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231167708

dans les centres de santé pour améliorer la santé des membres de la communauté. Les analy-ses corrigées démontraient l’effet de l’intervention sur certains dispositifs des centres de santé. Cependant, cela ne se traduisait pas par une amélioration de l’état de santé de la communauté. Nous examinons les enjeux pratiques et épistémologiques de l’utilisation de l’analyse de médiation pour évaluer une intervention complexe. Ces conclusions serviront à des évaluations à venir

在保健中心改善社区成员的健康。修正后的分析显示了干预对保健中心某些设备的影响。然而，这并没有改善社区的健康状况。我们研究了使用中介分析来评估复杂干预的实践和认识论问题。这些结论将用于今后的评价

引用次数: 0

DOME: A mixed-method evaluation of the impacts of complex programmes against educational poverty DOME:对消除教育贫困的复杂方案影响的混合方法评估

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231166979

G. Tomei

Developmental Outcome Monitoring and Evaluation (DOME) is a mixed and participatory method for the impact assessment of complex and innovative programmes. It has been developed and is being applied in Italy for the evaluation of interventions to combat juvenile educational poverty. The methodological process focuses on the detection of strategic change (outcomes) implemented by key actors in complex programmes, implemented in diverse geographical areas and managed by public–private partnerships. DOME combines methodological approaches already in use in the field of monitoring and evaluation – theory of change, counterfactual analysis and developmental evaluation and trailing research – in new ways.

发展成果监测和评价(DOME)是一种混合和参与性的方法，用于评估复杂和创新方案的影响。它已在意大利制定并正在应用，以评价消除青少年教育贫困的干预措施。方法过程的重点是发现由复杂方案的关键行动者实施的战略变革(成果)，在不同的地理区域实施，并由公私伙伴关系管理。DOME以新的方式结合监测和评价领域中已经使用的方法- -变化理论、反事实分析、发展评价和跟踪研究。

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Understanding the theoretical underpinnings of preventative early parenting interventions: A theory-based evaluation 理解预防性早期育儿干预的理论基础:基于理论的评估

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231165814

Gráinne Hickey, S. McGilloway, Yvonne Leckey, T. Bywater, M. Donnelly

Early parenting programmes which promote nurturing care for children aged 0–3 years are popular in community-based primary health care settings. However, little research has explored the causal and theoretical assumptions underpinning these programmes. This paper outlines a programme theory evaluation which was conducted to explore the change principles inherent in a complex early parenting intervention, the parent and infant programme, which aims to support parents and infants aged 0–2 years. A documentary analysis and qualitative interviews (n = 19) with key stakeholders were undertaken to describe programme components, outline intervention objectives and identify the mechanisms assumed to be important to programme success. The interpretation of the findings was informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, within which we explore and describe the theoretical perspectives that underpin the programme and guide its operationalisation and delivery. The importance of attending to the causal mechanisms underlying early parenting interventions is outlined.

促进0-3岁儿童养育的早期育儿方案在以社区为基础的初级卫生保健机构中很受欢迎。然而，很少有研究探讨支撑这些计划的因果关系和理论假设。本文概述了一项计划理论评估，该评估旨在探索复杂的早期育儿干预——父母和婴儿计划——内在的变化原则，该计划旨在支持父母和0-2岁的婴儿。对主要利益攸关方进行了文献分析和定性访谈(n = 19)，以描述方案组成部分、概述干预目标和确定被认为对方案成功很重要的机制。对调查结果的解释是由实施研究综合框架提供的，在该框架内，我们探索和描述了支撑该计划并指导其运作和交付的理论观点。本文概述了关注早期育儿干预的因果机制的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Strengthening evaluation capacity in Government: Why institutionalisation matters and why it is not sufficient 加强政府的评价能力:为什么制度化很重要，为什么制度化还不够

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231166981

D. Lamarque

If we are interested in promoting and strengthening evaluation in a country, we know that the extent to which evaluation is institutionalised is key. Investigating the strengths and weaknesses of institutional factors and identifying their limits help us understand under which conditions these factors will make a difference – and what is still needed. I will be drawing on several studies and reports – as well as my own experience – that address the issue of how evaluation is institutionalised internationally. While all these sources confirm the positive influence of institutional arrangements, they also show that evaluation develops unevenly and slowly and these developments are often difficult to specify or measure.

如果我们对促进和加强一个国家的评价感兴趣，我们知道评价制度化的程度是关键。调查制度因素的优势和劣势，并确定它们的局限性，有助于我们了解这些因素在哪些条件下会产生影响，以及我们还需要做些什么。我将借鉴几项研究和报告，以及我自己的经验，这些研究和报告解决了如何在国际上将评价制度化的问题。虽然所有这些来源都证实了体制安排的积极影响，但它们也表明，评价的发展不均衡和缓慢，而且这些发展往往难以具体说明或衡量。

引用次数: 0

Can we use deliberation to change evaluation systems? How an advisory group contributed to policy change 我们可以通过审议来改变评估系统吗?咨询小组如何促进政策变化

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231156955

Peter Dahler-Larsen

One of the most dominant trends in the field of evaluation in recent years is the institutionalization of evaluation under headlines such as “evaluation culture,” “evaluation policy,” and “evaluation systems.” There has been less interest in how evaluation systems can be changed, modified, or improved, not to mention deinstitutionalized, if necessary. Can a variety of stakeholders deliberate about the consequences of an evaluation system, and can it lead to policy change? A case study of a ministerial advisory group on national tests in Denmark shows how specific challenges were dealt with, such as the design of the deliberative process, the potential dominance of experts, and the distinction between technical-evaluative and practical-political arguments, and how these maneuvers paved the way for policy change. Based on the case study, the article discusses the prospects for democratic deliberation about evaluation systems.

近年来评估领域最主要的趋势之一是在“评估文化”、“评估政策”和“评估体系”等标题下的评估制度化。人们对如何改变、修改或改进评估系统的兴趣越来越少，更不用说在必要时将其去机构化了。各种利益相关者是否能够考虑评估系统的后果，是否能够导致政策变化?对丹麦国家考试部长级咨询小组的案例研究显示了如何处理具体挑战，例如审议程序的设计、专家的潜在主导地位、技术评估和实际政治论点之间的区别，以及这些操作如何为政策变革铺平道路。本文以案例研究为基础，探讨了评价制度民主审议的前景。

引用次数: 0

The use of mediation analysis in evaluation of complex health interventions 在评价复杂卫生干预措施中使用中介分析

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/13563890221149452

Deborah D. DiLiberto, C. Opondo, S. Staedke, Clare I. R. Chandler, E. Allen

This article presents an application of the causal inference approach to mediation analysis using the example of a complex intervention that aimed to improve the quality of care at health centres in Uganda. Mediation analysis is a statistical method that aims to isolate the causal mechanisms that make an intervention work in a given context. We combined data from a cluster randomized control trial and a mixed-methods process evaluation. We developed two causal models following our hypotheses of how the intervention was intended to work through mechanisms at health centres to improve health outcomes in the community. In adjusted analyses, there was evidence of an effect of the intervention on some health centre mechanisms; however, these did not lead to improvements in community health outcomes. We discuss the practical and epistemological challenges encountered when using mediation analysis to evaluate a complex intervention. These findings will inform future evaluations. Trial registration: The trial reported in this article is registered at: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01024426. Registered 2 December 2009, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01024426?term=NCT01024426&draw=2&rank=1

本文介绍了因果推理方法在调解分析中的应用，使用旨在提高乌干达保健中心护理质量的复杂干预措施的例子。中介分析是一种统计方法，旨在隔离使干预在给定上下文中起作用的因果机制。我们结合了来自集群随机对照试验和混合方法过程评估的数据。根据我们的假设，我们开发了两个因果模型，假设干预是如何通过卫生中心的机制来改善社区的健康结果的。在调整后的分析中，有证据表明干预对某些保健中心机制产生了影响;然而，这些并没有导致社区健康结果的改善。我们讨论在使用中介分析评估复杂干预时遇到的实践和认识论挑战。这些发现将为今后的评价提供信息。试验注册:本文报道的试验注册在:clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01024426。2009年12月2日注册，https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01024426?term=NCT01024426&draw=2&rank=1

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Editorial Message from the New Editor-in-Chief 新主编的社论

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0166-5316(23)00007-X

引用次数: 0

French language abstracts 法语摘要

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Performance Evaluation

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890221142105

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