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Comprehensive evaluation framework building for integrated development program 综合发展规划综合评价框架构建
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231183990
Jae Eun Shin, Mi Joung Yu, Suk-won Lee
The integrated development program, a cross-sectional development approach targeting a specific region or village, is receiving increasing attention as the 2030 agenda emphasizes a holistic approach in solving the poverty problem. The conventional evaluation designed for a causal inference of project-level outcome is incapable of reflecting the characteristics of the integrated development program. In this regard, we analyzed the unique features of the integrated development program by applying policy design theory to identify the challenges of evaluating this type of program. We then derived the logic of causal inference from the generative causation approach to resolve these challenges and developed practical evaluation tools, including causal maps and the evaluation matrix. These tools can be applied to respond to the evaluation questions related to the characteristics of the integrated development program, such as chain of causality, interactions between the outcomes, and many-to-many correspondence between aid-providers and recipients.
随着2030年可持续发展议程强调以整体方法解决贫困问题,以特定地区或村庄为目标的横向发展方法——综合发展计划正受到越来越多的关注。为项目级结果的因果推理而设计的传统评估无法反映综合开发计划的特征。在这方面,我们通过运用政策设计理论来分析综合发展计划的独特性,以确定评估这类计划的挑战。然后,我们从生成因果关系方法中推导出因果推理的逻辑,以解决这些挑战,并开发出实用的评估工具,包括因果图和评估矩阵。这些工具可用于回答与综合发展项目特征相关的评估问题,如因果链、结果之间的相互作用以及援助国和受援国之间的多对多对应关系。
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引用次数: 0
How to develop a realist programme theory using Margaret Archer’s structure–agency–culture framework: The case of adolescent accountability for sexual and reproductive health in urban resource-constrained settings 如何利用玛格丽特·阿彻的结构-机构-文化框架发展现实主义方案理论:在城市资源有限的环境中,青少年对性健康和生殖健康的责任案例
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231185167
Sara Van Belle, I. Abejirinde, A. Ssennyonjo, P. Srinivas, P. Hebbar, B. Marchal
Realist evaluation is in essence a theory-building and testing approach. We argue that in practice, the theory-building potential of realist evaluation, review and research is not fully exploited in the field of global health. Our assumption is that the Structure-Agency-Culture explanatory framework of critical realist Margaret Archer could stimulate realist evaluators to conceptualize and systematically explore how structural and cultural conditions interact with programmes that aim at introducing social change. We propose step-wise guidance towards integrating the Structure–Agency–Culture framework into the development of realist programme theories. We present a worked example from an urban adolescent health study in poor neighbourhoods of Kampala, Mumbai, New Delhi and Cotonou. The guidance aims to bring to the fore the role of agency and context through the analysis of the interactions between structure, culture, agency and mechanisms. This is helpful in realist research in general, and in evaluations of complex interventions oriented towards social change.
现实主义评价本质上是一种理论建构和检验方法。我们认为,在实践中,现实主义评价、审查和研究的理论建设潜力在全球卫生领域没有得到充分利用。我们的假设是,批判现实主义玛格丽特·阿切尔的结构-机构-文化解释框架可以刺激现实主义评估者概念化和系统地探索结构和文化条件如何与旨在引入社会变革的计划相互作用。我们建议逐步指导将结构-机构-文化框架整合到现实主义方案理论的发展中。我们提供了一个在坎帕拉、孟买、新德里和科托努的贫困社区进行的城市青少年健康研究的工作实例。该指南旨在通过分析结构、文化、机构和机制之间的相互作用,突出机构和环境的作用。这在一般的现实主义研究和对面向社会变革的复杂干预措施的评估中是有帮助的。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding evaluation use from an organisational perspective: A review of the literature and a research agenda 从组织角度理解评估使用:文献回顾和研究议程
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231185164
T. Kupiec, Dorota Celińska-Janowicz, V. Pattyn
Why do some types of evaluation use prevail in certain contexts and not in others? The aim of this article is to advance knowledge about organisational factors of evaluation use, that is, determinants of evaluation use grounded in organisational theories. We critically review existing frameworks of organisational factors of evaluation use, highlighting key differences between them and pointing out discrepancies with empirical insights. We discuss the merits of two potential areas for future research that can help concretise theoretical stances: considering organisational legitimacy as a potential direct determinant of evaluation use and incorporating a dynamic perspective in organisational frameworks of evaluation use.
为什么某些类型的评估使用在某些上下文中流行,而在其他上下文中不流行?本文的目的是促进对评价使用的组织因素的认识,即基于组织理论的评价使用的决定因素。我们批判性地审查现有的评估使用的组织因素框架,突出它们之间的关键差异,并指出与经验见解的差异。我们讨论了未来研究的两个潜在领域的优点,可以帮助具体化理论立场:将组织合法性视为评估使用的潜在直接决定因素,并在评估使用的组织框架中纳入动态视角。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and strategies for implementers and evaluators working in conflict settings 在冲突环境中工作的实施者和评估者面临的挑战和策略
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231171608
Laura Bond, Elizabeth K. Klein, Emily F. Gates
Practitioners implementing and evaluating humanitarian programs in conflict zones face unique challenges requiring context-sensitive guidance. Conflict zones—geographical areas with militarized and non-militarized violence, widespread political instability, and state-sanctioned intimidation and genocidal violence—are rife with logistical, methodological, and ethical challenges that impact implementation and evaluation. Although challenges have been well-documented, few solutions or evaluation frameworks exist to help evaluators in conflict zones confront these challenges. This article examines how the application of implementation science frameworks, specifically, Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, offers useful strategies to mitigate some challenges in conducting evaluations in conflict zones. Areas for future research include collaborative team approaches to using these frameworks, ethical guidance, and reporting and dissemination.
在冲突地区实施和评估人道主义项目的从业人员面临着独特的挑战,需要根据具体情况提供指导。冲突地区——存在军事化和非军事化暴力、广泛的政治不稳定以及国家批准的恐吓和种族灭绝暴力的地理区域——充斥着影响实施和评估的后勤、方法和道德挑战。尽管挑战已经被充分记录,但很少有解决方案或评估框架可以帮助冲突地区的评估人员应对这些挑战。本文考察了实施科学框架的应用,特别是,范围、有效性、采用、实施和维护以及实施研究的统一框架,如何提供有用的策略来减轻在冲突地区进行评估时的一些挑战。未来的研究领域包括使用这些框架的协作团队方法、伦理指导以及报告和传播。
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of probabilistic forwarding of coded packets on random geometric graphs 随机几何图上编码数据包的概率转发分析
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peva.2023.102343
B.R. Vinay Kumar , Navin Kashyap , D. Yogeshwaran

We consider the problem of energy-efficient broadcasting on large ad-hoc networks. Ad-hoc networks are generally modelled using random geometric graphs (RGGs). Here, nodes are deployed uniformly in a square area around the origin, and any two nodes which are within Euclidean distance of 1 are assumed to be able to receive each other’s broadcast. A source node at the origin encodes k data packets of information into n(>k) coded packets and transmits them to all its one-hop neighbours. The encoding is such that, any node that receives at least k out of the n coded packets can retrieve the original k data packets. Every other node in the network follows a probabilistic forwarding protocol; upon reception of a previously unreceived packet, the node forwards it with probability p and does nothing with probability 1p. We are interested in the minimum forwarding probability which ensures that a large fraction of nodes can decode the information from the source. We deem this a near-broadcast. The performance metric of interest is the expected total number of transmissions at this minimum forwarding probability, where the expectation is over both the forwarding protocol as well as the realization of the RGG. In comparison to probabilistic forwarding with no coding, our treatment of the problem indicates that, with a judicious choice of n, it is possible to reduce the expected total number of transmissions while ensuring a near-broadcast.

我们研究了大型自组织网络中节能广播的问题。Ad-hoc网络通常使用随机几何图(rgg)建模。在这里,节点被均匀地部署在原点周围的正方形区域内,假设在欧氏距离为1的任意两个节点都能够接收到对方的广播。在原点处的源节点将k个数据包的信息编码成n(>k)个编码的数据包,并将它们发送给所有的单跳邻居。编码是这样的,任何接收到n个编码数据包中的至少k个的节点都可以检索到原始的k个数据包。网络中的其他节点遵循概率转发协议;在接收到之前未接收到的数据包时,节点以p的概率转发它,并且以1 - p的概率不做任何事情。我们感兴趣的是最小转发概率,以确保大部分节点能够解码来自源的信息。我们认为这是近距广播。感兴趣的性能指标是在这个最小转发概率下的预期传输总数,其中期望是转发协议和RGG的实现。与不编码的概率转发相比,我们对问题的处理表明,通过明智地选择n,有可能减少预期的传输总数,同时确保接近广播。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Intelligent Tiering for modern storage systems 现代存储系统的自适应智能分层
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peva.2023.102332
Lu Pang , Anis Alazzawe , Madhurima Ray , Krishna Kant , Jeremy Swift

Enterprise systems routinely use tiered storage consisting of a hierarchy of storage devices that vary in speed and size. One key to obtaining good performance in such a hierarchy is to migrate data elements intelligently to the appropriate tier. For example, moving the most used data towards the fastest tier and the least used data towards the slowest tier. Tiering is typically done based on usage statistics over relatively long time periods. In this paper, we consider a much more agile tiering mechanism called Adaptive Intelligent Tiering (AIT). It can dynamically adapt to the changing behavior of storage accesses by the running applications. The AIT mechanism uses a deep learning model to generate a set of candidate movements and employs a reinforcement learning mechanism to further refine the candidates. Based on extensive simulations in a 3-tier system, we show that the proposed scheme, compared with several other methods, enhances workload performance up to 85% on storage traces with a wide range of characteristics.

企业系统通常使用分层存储,分层存储由不同速度和大小的存储设备组成。在这种层次结构中获得良好性能的一个关键是将数据元素智能地迁移到适当的层。例如,将使用最多的数据移动到最快的层,将使用最少的数据移动到最慢的层。分级通常基于相对较长时间内的使用统计数据。在本文中,我们考虑了一种更敏捷的分层机制,称为自适应智能分层(AIT)。它可以动态地适应运行中的应用程序对存储访问行为的变化。AIT机制使用深度学习模型生成一组候选运动,并使用强化学习机制进一步细化候选。基于在三层系统中的大量模拟,我们表明,与其他几种方法相比,所提出的方案在具有广泛特征的存储走线上将工作负载性能提高了85%。
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引用次数: 0
French language abstracts 法语摘要
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231167708
dans les centres de santé pour améliorer la santé des membres de la communauté. Les analy-ses corrigées démontraient l’effet de l’intervention sur certains dispositifs des centres de santé. Cependant, cela ne se traduisait pas par une amélioration de l’état de santé de la communauté. Nous examinons les enjeux pratiques et épistémologiques de l’utilisation de l’analyse de médiation pour évaluer une intervention complexe. Ces conclusions serviront à des évaluations à venir
在保健中心改善社区成员的健康。修正后的分析显示了干预对保健中心某些设备的影响。然而,这并没有改善社区的健康状况。我们研究了使用中介分析来评估复杂干预的实践和认识论问题。这些结论将用于今后的评价
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引用次数: 0
DOME: A mixed-method evaluation of the impacts of complex programmes against educational poverty DOME:对消除教育贫困的复杂方案影响的混合方法评估
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231166979
G. Tomei
Developmental Outcome Monitoring and Evaluation (DOME) is a mixed and participatory method for the impact assessment of complex and innovative programmes. It has been developed and is being applied in Italy for the evaluation of interventions to combat juvenile educational poverty. The methodological process focuses on the detection of strategic change (outcomes) implemented by key actors in complex programmes, implemented in diverse geographical areas and managed by public–private partnerships. DOME combines methodological approaches already in use in the field of monitoring and evaluation – theory of change, counterfactual analysis and developmental evaluation and trailing research – in new ways.
发展成果监测和评价(DOME)是一种混合和参与性的方法,用于评估复杂和创新方案的影响。它已在意大利制定并正在应用,以评价消除青少年教育贫困的干预措施。方法过程的重点是发现由复杂方案的关键行动者实施的战略变革(成果),在不同的地理区域实施,并由公私伙伴关系管理。DOME以新的方式结合监测和评价领域中已经使用的方法- -变化理论、反事实分析、发展评价和跟踪研究。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the theoretical underpinnings of preventative early parenting interventions: A theory-based evaluation 理解预防性早期育儿干预的理论基础:基于理论的评估
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231165814
Gráinne Hickey, S. McGilloway, Yvonne Leckey, T. Bywater, M. Donnelly
Early parenting programmes which promote nurturing care for children aged 0–3 years are popular in community-based primary health care settings. However, little research has explored the causal and theoretical assumptions underpinning these programmes. This paper outlines a programme theory evaluation which was conducted to explore the change principles inherent in a complex early parenting intervention, the parent and infant programme, which aims to support parents and infants aged 0–2 years. A documentary analysis and qualitative interviews (n = 19) with key stakeholders were undertaken to describe programme components, outline intervention objectives and identify the mechanisms assumed to be important to programme success. The interpretation of the findings was informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, within which we explore and describe the theoretical perspectives that underpin the programme and guide its operationalisation and delivery. The importance of attending to the causal mechanisms underlying early parenting interventions is outlined.
促进0-3岁儿童养育的早期育儿方案在以社区为基础的初级卫生保健机构中很受欢迎。然而,很少有研究探讨支撑这些计划的因果关系和理论假设。本文概述了一项计划理论评估,该评估旨在探索复杂的早期育儿干预——父母和婴儿计划——内在的变化原则,该计划旨在支持父母和0-2岁的婴儿。对主要利益攸关方进行了文献分析和定性访谈(n = 19),以描述方案组成部分、概述干预目标和确定被认为对方案成功很重要的机制。对调查结果的解释是由实施研究综合框架提供的,在该框架内,我们探索和描述了支撑该计划并指导其运作和交付的理论观点。本文概述了关注早期育儿干预的因果机制的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Strengthening evaluation capacity in Government: Why institutionalisation matters and why it is not sufficient 加强政府的评价能力:为什么制度化很重要,为什么制度化还不够
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/13563890231166981
D. Lamarque
If we are interested in promoting and strengthening evaluation in a country, we know that the extent to which evaluation is institutionalised is key. Investigating the strengths and weaknesses of institutional factors and identifying their limits help us understand under which conditions these factors will make a difference – and what is still needed. I will be drawing on several studies and reports – as well as my own experience – that address the issue of how evaluation is institutionalised internationally. While all these sources confirm the positive influence of institutional arrangements, they also show that evaluation develops unevenly and slowly and these developments are often difficult to specify or measure.
如果我们对促进和加强一个国家的评价感兴趣,我们知道评价制度化的程度是关键。调查制度因素的优势和劣势,并确定它们的局限性,有助于我们了解这些因素在哪些条件下会产生影响,以及我们还需要做些什么。我将借鉴几项研究和报告,以及我自己的经验,这些研究和报告解决了如何在国际上将评价制度化的问题。虽然所有这些来源都证实了体制安排的积极影响,但它们也表明,评价的发展不均衡和缓慢,而且这些发展往往难以具体说明或衡量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Performance Evaluation
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