Peritoneal Dialysis International最新文献

BackgroundSex-based differences may influence the clinical management, complication risks, and healthcare resource utilization of hospitalized end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Understanding these disparities is essential for optimizing patient care and informing healthcare policy.MethodsThis study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample to identify hospitalized adult ESKD patients receiving PD from the year 2003 to 2018. The outcomes included 1) PD-related outcomes, defined as a composite of peritonitis, mechanical complications, catheter removal or revision, and adequacy issues, 2) non-PD-related outcomes, defined as a composite of sepsis, cardiac arrest, and need for mechanical ventilation 3) transfer to hemodialysis, and 4) in-hospital mortality. The associations between sex and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and were adjusted for demographic factors, comorbidities, primary diagnoses, admission types, and hospital characteristics. Discharge weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates.ResultsOf 97,036 hospitalized ESKD patients receiving PD analyzed, 48,906 (50.4%) were females. In adjusted analyses, there were no overall sex differences in PD-related outcomes, non-PD-related outcomes, or in-hospital mortality. However, age- and comorbidity-based variations were observed in PD-related outcomes. Female sex was associated with lower odds of transfer to hemodialysis, particularly among younger patients and those without heart failure or peripheral vascular disease. Notably, sex differences in in-hospital mortality were observed only among patients with elective admissions.ConclusionThere were sex-based disparities in the outcomes and healthcare utilization of hospitalized ESKD patients receiving PD. These findings underscore the need for sex-specific, individualized strategies to improve PD care and inform clinical and policy decisions.

IntroductionGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common and can be debilitating for patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, they are rarely reported and there is no widely accepted or validated tool for measuring GI health in these patients to facilitate shared decision making.MethodsAn online consensus workshop was conducted to describe the experiences and perspectives about the impacts of GI symptoms in patients receiving PD and their caregivers and suggestions for measuring GI symptoms in clinical practice and research. A diverse range of patients currently receiving PD or who received PD within the past 5 years and their caregivers from different regions were recruited. After the initial presentation, small-group facilitated discussions were conducted similarly to focus groups, followed by a large-group summarisation of the workshop findings. Transcripts were thematically analysed using an inductive approach informed by grounded theory.Summary of the workshopThirty-five participants attended the online workshop, including 32 patients and 3 caregivers from 7 countries. Four themes were identified: restricting the ability to live freely (inability to predict and prepare, suffering from severe and disruptive symptoms), persistent anguish and struggle (living in fear, isolated by burden), uncertainty about healthcare management (inadequate education and information, lack of individualised care, experimenting to find solutions), measuring GI health in a relevant and robust manner (enabling comprehensive symptom monitoring, individualising frequency of symptom recording, recommending user-friendly and innovative tools).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high burden of GI symptoms in patients receiving PD. These symptoms were unpredictable in their onset, threatening patients' wellbeing and quality of life. A feasible measure of GI symptoms needs to be developed and implemented to inform treatment decisions and aid in consistent reporting in PD trials.

Patients with dialysis have a high risk of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the optimal treatment strategies for osteoporosis in dialysis patients remain unclear due to the complexity of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral and bone disorder. This case report describes severe symptomatic hypocalcemia and prolonged heart failure following denosumab treatment in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. A 70-year-old woman on PD for dialysis caused by diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed with osteoporosis (T score -2.5) during a routine checkup. Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, was administered following an increase in active vitamin D analog levels. One month later, she developed tetany, making it difficult to perform PD. Two days later, she was hospitalized with breathing difficulties and diagnosed with severe hypocalcemia and heart failure. Heart failure was attributed to mild fluid overload and reduced cardiac contractility due to hypocalcemia. Treatment with calcium supplementation and hemodialysis alleviated her symptoms and improved cardiac function. Denosumab is a promising option for osteoporosis in dialysis patients, but it poses a significant risk of severe hypocalcemia, especially in those with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Reports of such complications in PD patients are rare. Clinicians should carefully monitor serum calcium levels, implement preventive strategies, and promptly address complications when using denosumab in this population. In this case, cardiac function remained impaired for at least 6 months, suggesting prolonged heart failure following denosumab-associated hypocalcemia.

BackgroundThere are inequalities in resource allocation and services across peritoneal dialysis (PD) centers in China. This study aimed to explore the association between hospital type (university-affiliated vs. non-university-affiliated hospitals) and clinical outcomes in PD patients.MethodsData from the Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform cohort was analyzed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, while secondary outcomes included hemodialysis transfer and first-episode PD-related peritonitis. Univariable and multivariable Fine-Gray models were used to calculate subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs). Propensity-score matched analyses and sensitivity analyses restricted to incident patients were also performed.ResultsA total of 7416 PD patients were enrolled (June 2016 to April 2019), with a median follow-up of 29.0 months. University-affiliated hospitals' patients (n = 4806) were younger, had better nutritional status, and higher socio-economic status than those in non-university-affiliated hospitals (n = 2610). University-affiliated hospitals exhibited a lower risk for all-cause mortality (SHR: 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.85, p < 0.001), higher hemodialysis transfer (SHR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08-1.60, p < 0.01), but no association with first-episode peritonitis in multivariable analyses. After propensity-score matching, university-affiliated hospitals were still associated with lower all-cause mortality (SHR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.91, p < 0.01) and a higher risk of hemodialysis transfer (SHR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.19-1.94, p < 0.01). Comparable results for all-cause mortality and first-episode peritonitis also found in incident patients.ConclusionIn China, PD patients in university-affiliated hospitals had lower mortality but a higher risk of hemodialysis transfer. Further studies are needed to understand these findings and inform future practices and resource allocations.

BackgroundKidney impairment (KI) is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma (MM), with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often necessitating dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers quality-of-life advantages over haemodialysis (HD), yet its use in patients with CKD secondary to MM (CKD-MM) remains understudied. This study investigates the characteristics and outcomes of PD in CKD-MM patients compared to those with other kidney diseases.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analysed data from the French Language PD Registry (RDPLF) for patients initiating PD between 2010 and 2020. A 4:1 ratio random sampling was drawn from patients with other kidney diseases to create a control group. Outcomes included death, transfer to HD and kidney transplantation. Cox regression models assessed the impact of CKD-MM on these outcomes, adjusting for baseline variables and treatment era.ResultsOf 12,861 PD patients, 96 (<1%) had CKD-MM. These patients exhibited higher comorbidities and were less likely to be listed for kidney transplantation compared to controls. Among the 96 patients with CKD-MM, 51 (53%) died, 29 (30%) transferred to HD, and 5 (5%) underwent kidney transplant. CKD-MM was not associated with increased risks of death (cause-specific hazard ratio [cs-HR] 1.18, 95% CI 0.83-1.67) nor transfer to HD (cs-HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.45-1.18). However, CKD-MM patients had a significantly lower chance of transplantation (cs-HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.59).ConclusionPD is a viable modality for CKD-MM, with outcomes comparable to other kidney diseases. Increased attention to PD initiation and transplant access may further optimise care for these patients.

BackgroundDespite the exceptional quality of peritoneal dialysis (PD) care in Taiwan and the country's globally high PD patient survival rates, PD utilization has declined. This trend is likely due to limited patient awareness and disparities in financial incentives between hemodialysis (HD) and PD. To address this issue, a new initiative has been launched to rebalance these incentives and promote PD adoption, with the goal of reversing the declining trend.MethodsEnforcing a policy to encourage PD therapy among specific patient populations is crucial, given its benefits for proactive patients and fewer hospital visits. To address these trends, Taiwan's National Health Insurance Administration launched a reimbursement initiative in July 2023, guided by the expertise of the Peritoneal Dialysis Working Committee of the Taiwan Society of Nephrology. This initiative encourages the setup of new PD units, education for new staff, and an integrative care approach provided by medical centers and their collaborative community clinics. Additionally, this initiative encourages comprehensive SDM on KRT modality choice and reimburses telemedicine video consultations.ResultsIn this reimbursement initiative, our primary focus is on improving PD quality rather than solely increasing the quantity of new PD patients. As of the end of 2023, the short-term outcomes of this initiative are promising, including the reopening of six previously closed PD units, the establishment of 68 new units, and an increase in the crude PD prevalence rates from 7.5% to 7.9% (p = 0.006). Since the implementation began, the adherence rate at medical centers, as measured by a scoring system evaluating the high standard of PD care quality, has reached 100%, while regional hospitals have reached nearly 90%.ConclusionsThe short-term outcomes of this initiative are promising, and it is still ongoing, with plans to continue for at least three years. We look forward to sharing the long-term outcomes and insights gained from this initiative in the near future. While healthcare systems differ across countries, Taiwan's model may offer valuable insights for other nations by showing how such initiatives can mobilize healthcare teams, empower patients, and ultimately support long-term expansion of PD.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with dysbiosis which may increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections. Patients with kidney failure have a predominance of bacteria responsible for the exacerbation of chronic inflammation through the production of ureases, uricase, and uremic toxins and a reduction of bacteria-producing protective molecules as short-chain fatty acids. Patients with CKD have an increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection. Currently, besides antibiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the only effective gut microbiota-targeted therapy for treating this infection. Scant evidence is available on FMT in those receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). In this case, we report a successful FMT performed by colonoscopy in a patient receiving PD for polycystic kidney disease suffering from recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. The FMT was repeated to enhance microbiota engraftment. The role of FMT in treating Clostridioides difficile in individuals receiving PD may be an important and promising therapeutic strategy but requires further prospective study.

This case report discusses the complex management of a 46-year-old man with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus, stage 5 chronic kidney disease, and severe neuropathic complications, which led to bilateral leg amputations. The patient experienced persistent diarrhea due to diabetic neuropathy, significantly impairing his daily functioning. Despite transitioning from hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis, the diarrhea persisted. A colostomy was subsequently performed, which, although it did not completely resolve the diarrhea, allowed for better control, improving the patient's self-care and independence. Notably, the catheter exit site was maintained on the opposite side of the abdomen. Despite initial concerns about the feasibility of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patients with stomas, including the challenges of creating a stoma in patients with an existing PD catheter, this case demonstrates the successful continuation of PD following a colostomy. Traditionally, intestinal stomas have been viewed as a relative contraindication to PD due to risks such as leakage and infection. However, current guidelines recommend using extended catheters with a presternal exit site to minimize these risks. The patient's quality of life improved significantly after the colostomy, with no major complications observed during follow-up. This report underscores the importance of tailoring treatment to individual patient needs, balancing risks with potential well-being benefits, and highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration and adherence to best practices. Given the limited literature on PD in patients with intestinal stomas, this case contributes valuable clinical insights for future management.

BackgroundAlthough the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) and resistance training (RT) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is well established, the impact of exercise programs on residual kidney function (RKF) has not been elucidated.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to either the exercise (n = 25) or control groups (n = 30). Patients in the exercise group performed AE three times a week and RT twice a week at home for 24 weeks. The control group did not receive any specific intervention. The primary outcome was RKF, assessed by residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR). Secondary outcomes included urinary protein levels, distance covered in the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentages.ResultsLinear mixed-effects models showed no significant changes in mean rGFR between the exercise and control groups at 12 weeks (-0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.17, 1.36; p = 0.65) and at 24 weeks (0.65; 95% CI: -1.15, 2.45; p = 0.48). There was a trend toward improvement in mean urinary protein level and ISWT results, and a significant decrease in mean HbA1c percentage at 24 weeks in the exercise group (-1.07, 95% CI: -2.29, 0.15, p = 0.09; 37.7, 95% CI: -10.1, 85.5, p = 0.12; -0.57, 95% CI: -0.97, -0.18, p = 0.005, respectively) compared to the control group.ConclusionThe 24-week home-based exercise program did not demonstrate beneficial effects on RKF in incident PD patients. Nonetheless, it may have an impact on reducing urinary protein levels and HbA1c percentages.