Anisakis simplex, a parasitic nematode transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, is known to cause gastric anisakidosis, often accompanied by acute inflammatory and allergic responses. However, the underlying immunological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a murine model by orally infecting BALB/c mice with live Anisakis larvae to elucidate the host immune response. Repeated infection with live Anisakis larvae, but not with homogenates, induced severe gastric inflammation, accompanied by a marked elevation of total IgE, Anisakis-specific IgE, Ani s 1-specific IgE, and interleukin (IL)-5 in the serum. Active cutaneous anaphylaxis confirmed the presence of functional Anisakis-specific IgE capable of mediating immediate hypersensitivity. Flow cytometry of gastric lamina propria cells showed increased infiltration of IL-5 producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), eosinophils, IL-4 producing T helper (Th) cells and B cells in mice with repeated infection. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed widespread localization of IL-33-positive cells in the gastric mucosa, consistent with the observed increased levels of truncated IL-33 and total IL-33. These findings suggest that Anisakis infection induces a type 2 immune response through IL-33-driven activation of ILC2s followed by Th2 development, thereby promoting eosinophilia and antigen-specific IgE. This model enables new insights of Anisakis-associated allergic inflammation and may serve as future therapeutic studies.
{"title":"Anisakis infection induces IgE responses resulting from ILC2 and Th2 cell activation via IL-33 in the murine stomach","authors":"Shinya Hidano , Kazuhiro Mizukami , Kohei Shirakami , Hideyuki Ito , Kazunori Matsumura , Astri Dewayani , Sotaro Ozaka , Benjawan Saechue , Shimpei Ariki , Takashi Ozaki , Kaori Noguchi , Yomei Kagoshima , Spanuch Ekronarongchai , Masaaki Okamoto , Naganori Kamiyama , Nozomi Sachi , Takashi Sekiya , Satoshi Takaki , Kazunari Murakami , Takashi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Anisakis simplex</em>, a parasitic nematode transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, is known to cause gastric anisakidosis, often accompanied by acute inflammatory and allergic responses. However, the underlying immunological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a murine model by orally infecting BALB/c mice with live <em>Anisakis</em> larvae to elucidate the host immune response. Repeated infection with live <em>Anisakis</em> larvae, but not with homogenates, induced severe gastric inflammation, accompanied by a marked elevation of total IgE, <em>Anisakis</em>-specific IgE, Ani s 1-specific IgE, and interleukin (IL)-5 in the serum. Active cutaneous anaphylaxis confirmed the presence of functional <em>Anisakis</em>-specific IgE capable of mediating immediate hypersensitivity. Flow cytometry of gastric lamina propria cells showed increased infiltration of IL-5 producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), eosinophils, IL-4 producing T helper (Th) cells and B cells in mice with repeated infection. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed widespread localization of IL-33-positive cells in the gastric mucosa, consistent with the observed increased levels of truncated IL-33 and total IL-33. These findings suggest that <em>Anisakis</em> infection induces a type 2 immune response through IL-33-driven activation of ILC2s followed by Th2 development, thereby promoting eosinophilia and antigen-specific IgE. This model enables new insights of <em>Anisakis</em>-associated allergic inflammation and may serve as future therapeutic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed (i) to determine the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens (Cytauxzoon felis, Babesia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Coxiella burnetii) in domestic cats in Türkiye; (ii) to conduct molecular characterization of identified species; (iii) to assess the genetic diversity among identified species in cats reported worldwide. A total of 311 blood samples were collected from animals visiting Ondokuz Mayıs University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital for routine checkups, vaccinations, antiparasitic application, and sterilization. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of targeted pathogens by PCR analysis. Data on domestic cats (age, sex, breed, and living conditions) were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for infection. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to assess relatedness among detected pathogen isolates worldwide. Out of 311 cats tested, 13.1 % (n = 41) were positive for at least one pathogen, and 0.9 % (n = 3) were found to be co-infected. PCR analyses detected 9.64 % (n = 30) of examined samples infected with Mycoplasma spp., and 3.5 % (n = 11) with C. burnetii. Babesia spp., C. felis, and Rickettsia spp. were not detected. There was no significant statistical difference between the prevalence of any detected pathogen and data of the cats. Sanger sequencing of the 30 positive PCR products identified Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm) in 50 % (n = 15), Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) in 36.6 % (n = 11), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) in 13.3 % (n = 4). Phylogenetic analysis of the Mycoplasma spp. 16S rRNA gene showed two distinct groups: one belonging to the haemominutum group, clustering with CMhm isolates, and the other from the haemofelis group, clustered with Mhf and CMt isolates. Coxiella burnetii IS1111 gene sequences shared high identity and similarity and clustered with isolates from different countries. This is the first report of C. burnetii in domestic cats from Türkiye. Our data provide information on the presence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic characterization of vector-borne pathogens in domestic cat populations in Türkiye. This study highlights the importance of the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens for effective disease management in cat populations.
{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of vector-borne pathogens in domestic cats (Felis catus) in Türkiye: The first report of Coxiella burnetii from cats in Türkiye","authors":"Zuhal Önder , Didem Pekmezci , Batuhan Aşkım Arslanhan , Gökmen Zafer Pekmezci , Gupse Kübra Karademir , Simge Şahin , Gamze Nur Konacoğlu , Sümmani Çifci , Zeynep Nurselin Kot","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed (i) to determine the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens (<em>Cytauxzoon felis</em>, <em>Babesia</em> spp., <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp., <em>Rickettsia</em> spp., and <em>Coxiella burnetii)</em> in domestic cats in Türkiye; (ii) to conduct molecular characterization of identified species; (iii) to assess the genetic diversity among identified species in cats reported worldwide. A total of 311 blood samples were collected from animals visiting Ondokuz Mayıs University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital for routine checkups, vaccinations, antiparasitic application, and sterilization. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of targeted pathogens by PCR analysis. Data on domestic cats (age, sex, breed, and living conditions) were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for infection. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to assess relatedness among detected pathogen isolates worldwide. Out of 311 cats tested, 13.1 % (<em>n</em> = 41) were positive for at least one pathogen, and 0.9 % (<em>n</em> = 3) were found to be co-infected. PCR analyses detected 9.64 % (<em>n</em> = 30) of examined samples infected with <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp., and 3.5 % (<em>n</em> = 11) with <em>C. burnetii</em>. <em>Babesia</em> spp., <em>C. felis</em>, and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. were not detected. There was no significant statistical difference between the prevalence of any detected pathogen and data of the cats. Sanger sequencing of the 30 positive PCR products identified <em>Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum</em> (CMhm) in 50 % (<em>n</em> = 15), <em>Mycoplasma haemofelis</em> (Mhf) in 36.6 % (<em>n</em> = 11), and <em>Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis</em> (CMt) in 13.3 % (<em>n</em> = 4). Phylogenetic analysis of the <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. 16S rRNA gene showed two distinct groups: one belonging to the haemominutum group, clustering with CMhm isolates, and the other from the haemofelis group, clustered with Mhf and CMt isolates. <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> IS1111 gene sequences shared high identity and similarity and clustered with isolates from different countries. This is the first report of <em>C. burnetii</em> in domestic cats from Türkiye. Our data provide information on the presence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic characterization of vector-borne pathogens in domestic cat populations in Türkiye. This study highlights the importance of the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens for effective disease management in cat populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103179
Eduardo Montalvo , Camila Lara-Cazorla , V. Neira , Eder Cano-Pérez , M. Páez , Byron Fuertes-Flores , Tatiana Guevara-Bahamonde , Gabriela Echeverría-Garcés , E. Castro-Lalangui , E. Rivadeneira , Diego Álvarez Pico , Nery Giler Zambrano , Génesis García-Díaz
This report describes the first documented case in Ecuador of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri, in coinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) associated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). A 23-year-old male with a history of severe traumatic brain injury developed central nervous system infection symptoms after VPS placement. Despite targeted antibiotics for MRSA, clinical deterioration continued. Whole genome sequencing confirmed N. fowleri, prompting antiparasitic treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole, resulting in partial improvement. This case underscores the need to consider rare pathogens in atypical neurological cases and highlights the diagnostic value of genome sequencing in complex infections.
{"title":"Post-neurosurgical meningitis by Naegleria fowleri and Staphylococcus aureus in Ecuador: A case report","authors":"Eduardo Montalvo , Camila Lara-Cazorla , V. Neira , Eder Cano-Pérez , M. Páez , Byron Fuertes-Flores , Tatiana Guevara-Bahamonde , Gabriela Echeverría-Garcés , E. Castro-Lalangui , E. Rivadeneira , Diego Álvarez Pico , Nery Giler Zambrano , Génesis García-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This report describes the first documented case in Ecuador of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by <em>Naegleria fowleri</em>, in coinfection with methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) associated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). A 23-year-old male with a history of severe traumatic brain injury developed central nervous system infection symptoms after VPS placement. Despite targeted antibiotics for MRSA, clinical deterioration continued. Whole genome sequencing confirmed <em>N. fowleri</em>, prompting antiparasitic treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole, resulting in partial improvement. This case underscores the need to consider rare pathogens in atypical neurological cases and highlights the diagnostic value of genome sequencing in complex infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103180
Abdulkerim Gökoğlu , Hüseyin Yiğit , Bülent Tucer
Cystic hydatid disease (CHD), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a significant global health concern. While commonly affecting the liver and lungs, rare localizations can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report presents a case of CHD affecting the left temporal bone, originating from the mastoid cells, resulting in left transverse sinus obliteration and cerebellar hemisphere compression. This unusual presentation highlights the importance of considering CHD in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms, including vertigo, even in the absence of more typical clinical signs. We aim to raise awareness among neurosurgeons, neurologists, and otorhinolaryngologists regarding this atypical manifestation of CHD.
{"title":"An unusual presentation of cystic hydatid disease: Left temporal bone involvement with transverse sinus obliteration","authors":"Abdulkerim Gökoğlu , Hüseyin Yiğit , Bülent Tucer","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic hydatid disease (CHD), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a significant global health concern. While commonly affecting the liver and lungs, rare localizations can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report presents a case of CHD affecting the left temporal bone, originating from the mastoid cells, resulting in left transverse sinus obliteration and cerebellar hemisphere compression. This unusual presentation highlights the importance of considering CHD in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms, including vertigo, even in the absence of more typical clinical signs. We aim to raise awareness among neurosurgeons, neurologists, and otorhinolaryngologists regarding this atypical manifestation of CHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103181
Tooran Nayeri , Maryam Hataminejad , Aziz Kassani , Davood Anvari , Nahid Maspi , Abbas Moridnia
The association between parasitic diseases and the consumption of contaminated water has been widely reported. Due to oocyst contamination, water is a medium for human and veterinary toxoplasmosis transmission. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in water and raw and treated wastewater samples from around the world utilizing molecular methods. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and the internet search engine Google Scholar was conducted for studies published until September 2024. The screening process identified 51 relevant studies, from which 45 were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of T. gondii in water and raw and treated wastewater samples worldwide was estimated at 11.1 % (95 % CI: 8.5 to 14.3 %) and 6.8 % (95 % CI: 3 to 14.6 %) using molecular methods. The findings underscore a significant public health concern, given the potential for waterborne transmission of toxoplasmosis. The results of this study emphasize the necessity for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of water quality, as well as the implementation of effective sanitation measures to reduce the risks associated with contaminated water.
{"title":"Molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water and wastewater of the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Tooran Nayeri , Maryam Hataminejad , Aziz Kassani , Davood Anvari , Nahid Maspi , Abbas Moridnia","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The association between parasitic diseases and the consumption of contaminated water has been widely reported. Due to oocyst contamination, water is a medium for human and veterinary toxoplasmosis transmission. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the prevalence of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> (<em>T. gondii</em>) in water and raw and treated wastewater samples from around the world utilizing molecular methods. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and the internet search engine Google Scholar was conducted for studies published until September 2024. The screening process identified 51 relevant studies, from which 45 were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of <em>T. gondii</em> in water and raw and treated wastewater samples worldwide was estimated at 11.1 % (95 % CI: 8.5 to 14.3 %) and 6.8 % (95 % CI: 3 to 14.6 %) using molecular methods. The findings underscore a significant public health concern, given the potential for waterborne transmission of toxoplasmosis. The results of this study emphasize the necessity for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of water quality, as well as the implementation of effective sanitation measures to reduce the risks associated with contaminated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103178
Mohamed M. Baz , Randa I. Eltaly , Ramy E. El-Ansary , Moustafa Ibrahim , Fatma H. Galal , Hattan S. Gattan , Mohammed H. Alruhaili , Abdelfattah M. Selim , Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis , Yasser A. El-Sayed , Esraa A. Elhawary
Mosquitoes, one of the deadliest animals on the planet, cause millions of fatalities each year by transmitting several human illnesses. Therefore, it was necessary to use many synthetic pesticides to prevent the spread of diseases, which led to an increase in the effective use of synthetic pesticides to protect humans. The extensive use of pesticides caused serious health problems for humans, environmental damage, and mosquito resistance to synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of Datura stramonium extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and aqueous) against larvae and adults of Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti with phytochemical profiles. Bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions, and lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) were calculated after 24 and 48 h. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed the strongest ability to kill larvae, with LC₅₀ values of 40.19 ppm for Cx. pipiens and 71.46 ppm for Ae. aegypti. In adulticidal assays, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts induced the highest mortality rates (up to 88 %) at 100 ppm. The methanol extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, recording the largest inhibition zone (27 mm) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (25 mm) and Candida albicans (22 mm). highlighting its potential as a dual-function natural agent with both insecticidal and antimicrobial properties. UPLC/MS analysis identified several bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids withanolides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids, that may contribute to the observed effects. The n-hexane extract revealed twelve volatile components from the mono-, di-, and sesquiterpenoid classes, along with volatile alkaloids such as nicotine and scopolamine. Antimicrobial tests also revealed moderate to high inhibition against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the genes Apismin, Defincin 1, SFCYP1, SFCYP4, SFCYP5, and SFRYR were significantly increased, while SFCYP3 was consistently decreased in both Datura and pesticide. However, SFCYP2 is believed to increase in pesticide and decreased in Datura. These findings highlight Datura stramonium as an available, eco-friendly, and promising natural alternative to synthetic insecticides for vector control.
{"title":"Efficiency of Datura stramonium metabolites as a promising insecticide against the vector-borne diseases Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti","authors":"Mohamed M. Baz , Randa I. Eltaly , Ramy E. El-Ansary , Moustafa Ibrahim , Fatma H. Galal , Hattan S. Gattan , Mohammed H. Alruhaili , Abdelfattah M. Selim , Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis , Yasser A. El-Sayed , Esraa A. Elhawary","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquitoes, one of the deadliest animals on the planet, cause millions of fatalities each year by transmitting several human illnesses. Therefore, it was necessary to use many synthetic pesticides to prevent the spread of diseases, which led to an increase in the effective use of synthetic pesticides to protect humans. The extensive use of pesticides caused serious health problems for humans, environmental damage, and mosquito resistance to synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of <em>Datura stramonium</em> extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, <em>n</em>-hexane, and aqueous) against larvae and adults of <em>Culex pipiens</em> and <em>Aedes aegypti</em> with phytochemical profiles. Bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions, and lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) were calculated after 24 and 48 h. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed the strongest ability to kill larvae, with LC₅₀ values of 40.19 ppm for <em>Cx. pipiens</em> and 71.46 ppm for <em>Ae. aegypti</em>. In adulticidal assays, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts induced the highest mortality rates (up to 88 %) at 100 ppm. The methanol extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, recording the largest inhibition zone (27 mm) against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, followed by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (25 mm) and <em>Candida albicans</em> (22 mm). highlighting its potential as a dual-function natural agent with both insecticidal and antimicrobial properties. UPLC/MS analysis identified several bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids withanolides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids, that may contribute to the observed effects. The n-hexane extract revealed twelve volatile components from the mono-, di-, and sesquiterpenoid classes, along with volatile alkaloids such as nicotine and scopolamine. Antimicrobial tests also revealed moderate to high inhibition against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the genes Apismin, Defincin 1, SFCYP1, SFCYP4, SFCYP5, and SFRYR were significantly increased, while SFCYP3 was consistently decreased in both <em>Datura</em> and pesticide. However, SFCYP2 is believed to increase in pesticide and decreased in <em>Datura</em>. These findings highlight <em>Datura stramonium</em> as an available, eco-friendly, and promising natural alternative to synthetic insecticides for vector control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103177
Romana Teixeira , Isilda Flor , Telmo Nunes , Carlos Pinto , Maria Constança Pomba , Luís Madeira de Carvalho
The current study aimed to assess the potential seasonal variations on parasite prevalence and intensity in dog and cat feces from the Azores archipelago (Portugal), as well to evaluate the effects of climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) in the development of parasitic infections. Between Januray-December 2023, a total of 297 and 301 fecal samples from dogs and cats (respectively) were collected on five Azorean islands - Flores, Corvo, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria - and then analyzed using the Mini-FLOTAC and Baermann methods. Weather data was also retrieved for this timeframe, to assess the effects of climatic factors in parasite infection. Toxocaridae reached significant prevalence values in summer (21–23 %), for dogs and cats. The opposite occurred regarding parasites intensity, being overall EPG/OPG/LPG counts higher in autumn. The presence of certain parasite species in canine and feline feces, namely Ancylostomatidae and Cystoisospora spp., was correlated with rainfall. Temperature favored the shedding of Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara cati eggs in pets' feces, as well as Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larvae. The present study was the first one to entail on effects of seasonality and climatic variables in populations of domestic carnivores from the Azores archipelago. It allowed us to successfully confirm seasonal variation on parasite intensity, as well as some prevalence variation in certain parasites species (Toxocaridae), filling this gap in the archipelago. Moreover, we have successfully proven the influence of climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature in the prevalence of certain parasitic forms in dog and cat feces. Plus, the identification of zoonotic species still presents a concern to public health, highlighting the need to implement more effective measures to control these agents, namely under the scope of ESCCAP Guidelines.
{"title":"Assessing the effects of seasonal variation and climatic factors on gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitism in dogs and cats from the Azores archipelago - Portugal","authors":"Romana Teixeira , Isilda Flor , Telmo Nunes , Carlos Pinto , Maria Constança Pomba , Luís Madeira de Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study aimed to assess the potential seasonal variations on parasite prevalence and intensity in dog and cat feces from the Azores archipelago (Portugal), as well to evaluate the effects of climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) in the development of parasitic infections. Between Januray-December 2023, a total of 297 and 301 fecal samples from dogs and cats (respectively) were collected on five Azorean islands - Flores, Corvo, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria - and then analyzed using the Mini-FLOTAC and Baermann methods. Weather data was also retrieved for this timeframe, to assess the effects of climatic factors in parasite infection. Toxocaridae reached significant prevalence values in summer (21–23 %), for dogs and cats. The opposite occurred regarding parasites intensity, being overall EPG/OPG/LPG counts higher in autumn. The presence of certain parasite species in canine and feline feces, namely Ancylostomatidae and <em>Cystoisospora</em> spp., was correlated with rainfall. Temperature favored the shedding of <em>Trichuris vulpis</em> and <em>Toxocara cati</em> eggs in pets' feces, as well as <em>Aelurostrongylus abstrusus</em> larvae. The present study was the first one to entail on effects of seasonality and climatic variables in populations of domestic carnivores from the Azores archipelago. It allowed us to successfully confirm seasonal variation on parasite intensity, as well as some prevalence variation in certain parasites species (Toxocaridae), filling this gap in the archipelago. Moreover, we have successfully proven the influence of climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature in the prevalence of certain parasitic forms in dog and cat feces. Plus, the identification of zoonotic species still presents a concern to public health, highlighting the need to implement more effective measures to control these agents, namely under the scope of ESCCAP Guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103175
Vitória Maximiana Soares dos Santos , Gustavo Henrique Russo , Patrícia Parreira Perin , Andressa de Souza Pollo , Carmen Arias-Pacheco , Talita Oliveira Mendonça , Wilson Junior Oliveira , André Mota Alves , Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
The parasitic nematode Stephanurus dentatus has been documented in Brazil and other tropical regions, where it has been linked to significant economic losses in pig and wild boar populations. Despite its evident relevance, detailed morphological descriptions are scarce, and its current classification within the Syngamidae family has recently been called into question by mitochondrial data. This study takes an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morphological characterisation using light and scanning electron microscopy with a phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated 18S and ITS sequences from 45 Strongylida species. We describe in detail the morphology of this parasite, including distinct features in copulatory structures and tail morphology. Our results support the positioning of S. dentatus in the Chabertiidae, reinforcing the paraphyly of Strongyloidea.
{"title":"Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Stephanurus dentatus reveal close relationships with the Chabertiidae family and new insights into Strongyloidea phylogeny","authors":"Vitória Maximiana Soares dos Santos , Gustavo Henrique Russo , Patrícia Parreira Perin , Andressa de Souza Pollo , Carmen Arias-Pacheco , Talita Oliveira Mendonça , Wilson Junior Oliveira , André Mota Alves , Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The parasitic nematode <em>Stephanurus dentatus</em> has been documented in Brazil and other tropical regions, where it has been linked to significant economic losses in pig and wild boar populations. Despite its evident relevance, detailed morphological descriptions are scarce, and its current classification within the Syngamidae family has recently been called into question by mitochondrial data. This study takes an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morphological characterisation using light and scanning electron microscopy with a phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated 18S and ITS sequences from 45 Strongylida species. We describe in detail the morphology of this parasite, including distinct features in copulatory structures and tail morphology. Our results support the positioning of <em>S. dentatus</em> in the Chabertiidae, reinforcing the paraphyly of Strongyloidea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103176
Cristhiane Oliveira da Fonseca , Marina Moraes Mourão , Vitor do Espirito Santo Pimentel , Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho , Delza de Moura Soares Reis , Kleiton Esteves Costa , Dílcia Maria Repetição , Ludmila Gomes Muniz Rodrigues , Omar dos Santos Carvalho , Lângia Colli Montresor , Roberta Lima Caldeira
Most populations of Biomphalaria glabrata are highly compatible with Schistosoma mansoni strains, making it challenging to identify low-compatibility models to host-parasite interaction research. This study evaluated a B. glabrata population with low compatibility with the LE strain (SmLE) as a model. First, pigmented low susceptibility (LS) and albino susceptible (S) snails were paired to produce three progeny groups: Crossings (CR) between LS × S, LS (LS × LS), and S (S × S). F1 snails were individually challenged with SmLE, and compatibility and reproductive parameters were analyzed. Second, mass crossbreeding (150LS + 150S) produced F1 snails, later challenged with SmLE. Unchallenged F1 snails were then used for new mass crossbreeding, either without (CR1) or with (CR2) the introduction of LS snails (1:1 ratio). The F2 snails were challenged, and compatibility was assessed. In the pairings, the CR snails were predominantly pigmented (CRp). At 8 miracidia/snail challenge, F1 snails compatibility followed the pattern S > CRp > LS, consistent in both pairings and mass crossbreeding. In F2, CR1 resembled S, while CR2 showed intermediate compatibility (S=CR1 > CR2 > LS). Although crossings led to a reduction in the compatibility of F1 snails compared to the S group, the results suggest that resistance transfer between LS and S B. glabrata populations is less effective than previously demonstrated for susceptible/compatible and resistant/incompatible populations of Biomphalaria tenagophila. Thus, only traditional snail control measures (e.g., environmental modifications) are advisable in transmission foci maintained by B. glabrata. This study demonstrates that the population tested is not suitable for snail control strategies, although it may serve as a valuable experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions.
{"title":"Exploring a low-compatibility population of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) as a model for studying host-parasite interactions with Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea)","authors":"Cristhiane Oliveira da Fonseca , Marina Moraes Mourão , Vitor do Espirito Santo Pimentel , Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho , Delza de Moura Soares Reis , Kleiton Esteves Costa , Dílcia Maria Repetição , Ludmila Gomes Muniz Rodrigues , Omar dos Santos Carvalho , Lângia Colli Montresor , Roberta Lima Caldeira","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most populations of <em>Biomphalaria glabrata</em> are highly compatible with <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> strains, making it challenging to identify low-compatibility models to host-parasite interaction research. This study evaluated a <em>B. glabrata</em> population with low compatibility with the LE strain (SmLE) as a model. First, pigmented low susceptibility (LS) and albino susceptible (S) snails were paired to produce three progeny groups: Crossings (CR) between LS × S, LS (LS × LS), and S (S × S). F1 snails were individually challenged with SmLE, and compatibility and reproductive parameters were analyzed. Second, mass crossbreeding (150LS + 150S) produced F1 snails, later challenged with SmLE. Unchallenged F1 snails were then used for new mass crossbreeding, either without (CR1) or with (CR2) the introduction of LS snails (1:1 ratio). The F2 snails were challenged, and compatibility was assessed. In the pairings, the CR snails were predominantly pigmented (CRp). At 8 miracidia/snail challenge, F1 snails compatibility followed the pattern S > CRp > LS, consistent in both pairings and mass crossbreeding. In F2, CR1 resembled S, while CR2 showed intermediate compatibility (S=CR1 > CR2 > LS). Although crossings led to a reduction in the compatibility of F1 snails compared to the S group, the results suggest that resistance transfer between LS and S <em>B. glabrata</em> populations is less effective than previously demonstrated for susceptible/compatible and resistant/incompatible populations of <em>Biomphalaria tenagophila</em>. Thus, only traditional snail control measures (e.g., environmental modifications) are advisable in transmission foci maintained by <em>B. glabrata</em>. This study demonstrates that the population tested is not suitable for snail control strategies, although it may serve as a valuable experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103174
Arnaud Deli , Guy Benoit Lekeufack-Folefack , Bienvenu Feudjio-Dongmo , Nelly Ornelle Onana-Ateba , Amandine Estelle Tchoutezo-Tiwa , Abraham Fomena
Classical parasitological methods, including fish autopsy and search of myxozoan species, were applied to examine 229 specimens of Labeo senegalensis collected monthly from Lake Maga, Cameroon, between October 2018 and August 2019. The myxosporean fauna of L. senegalensis was diverse and abundant, with 16 species recorded. Among these, Myxobolus sp.2, Myxobolus sp.6, Myxobolus sp.10, Thelohanellus sp.2, and Thelohanellus sp.3 were common. Intermediate occurrence was observed for Myxobolus sp.1, Myxobolus sp.3, Myxobolus sp.4, Myxobolus sp.5, Myxobolus sp.7, Myxobolus sp.8, Myxobolus sp.11, Thelohanellus sp.1 and Thelohanellus sp.4, whereas Myxobolus sp.9 and Myxidium sp. were scarce. The mean cyst load was high for Myxobolus sp.2, Myxobolus sp.5 and Thelohanellus sp.1; low for Myxobolus sp.3, Myxobolus sp.4, Myxobolus sp.6, Myxobolus sp.8, Myxobolus sp. 11, Thelohanellus sp.2 and Thelohanellus sp.3; and very low for Myxobolus sp.1, Myxobolus sp.7, Myxobolus sp.9 and Thelohanellus sp.4. Multiple infections were common: parasitism by five species occurred most frequently (26.8 %), followed by parasitism by six species (18.7 %). Monospecific infections were rare, with only four cases (1.8 %) recorded. Dice's coefficient combined with Forbes' index revealed eight strong associations between pairs of parasite species, significantly deviating from random expectations; six of these involved common parasite species. Conversely, five associations were less frequent than expected and involved species that typically colonized distinct host organs. Analysis of cyst load correlations indicated 15 positive and 8 negative Kendall's rank correlations among species. These findings suggest that polyspecific infections and positive interspecific interactions may contribute substantially to the pathogenic potential of myxozoan parasites in L. senegalensis.
{"title":"Diversity, ecological status and species associations of myxozoans (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) parasites of Labeo senegalensis Valenciennes, 1842 (Cyprinidae) from lake Maga in Cameroon","authors":"Arnaud Deli , Guy Benoit Lekeufack-Folefack , Bienvenu Feudjio-Dongmo , Nelly Ornelle Onana-Ateba , Amandine Estelle Tchoutezo-Tiwa , Abraham Fomena","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical parasitological methods, including fish autopsy and search of myxozoan species, were applied to examine 229 specimens of <em>Labeo senegalensis</em> collected monthly from Lake Maga, Cameroon, between October 2018 and August 2019. The myxosporean fauna of <em>L. senegalensis</em> was diverse and abundant, with 16 species recorded. Among these, <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.2, <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.6, <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.10, <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.2, and <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.3 were common. Intermediate occurrence was observed for <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.1<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.3<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.4<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.5<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.7<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.8<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.11<em>, Thelohanellus</em> sp.1 and <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.4, whereas <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.9 and <em>Myxidium</em> sp. were scarce. The mean cyst load was high for <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.2<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.5 and <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.1; low for <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.3<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.4<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.6<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.8<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp. 11, <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.2 and <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.3; and very low for <em>Myxobolus</em> sp.1<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.7<em>, Myxobolus</em> sp.9 and <em>Thelohanellus</em> sp.4. Multiple infections were common: parasitism by five species occurred most frequently (26.8 %), followed by parasitism by six species (18.7 %). Monospecific infections were rare, with only four cases (1.8 %) recorded. Dice's coefficient combined with Forbes' index revealed eight strong associations between pairs of parasite species, significantly deviating from random expectations; six of these involved common parasite species. Conversely, five associations were less frequent than expected and involved species that typically colonized distinct host organs. Analysis of cyst load correlations indicated 15 positive and 8 negative Kendall's rank correlations among species. These findings suggest that polyspecific infections and positive interspecific interactions may contribute substantially to the pathogenic potential of myxozoan parasites in L. <em>senegalensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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