Parasitology International最新文献_第3页

Evaluating the efficacy of Glucantime and determinants of treatment success in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A retrospective study 评价葡聚糖对皮肤利什曼病的疗效和治疗成功的决定因素：一项回顾性研究。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103229

Sahar Jamshidi , Qasem Asgari , Laleh Mahmoudi

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health issue in endemic regions such as Shiraz, Iran. Glucantime (meglumine antimoniate), a pentavalent antimonial remains the first-line treatment. However, its efficacy varies depending on the route of administration and patient-specific factors. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Glucantime and identify predictors of treatment success among patients with CL.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study, included 70 patients diagnosed with CL in 2024 at a major referral centre. Diagnosis was confirmed via PCR-based molecular detection and direct microscopic parasitological examination. Patients were treated with Glucantime, administered either intradermally or intramuscularly, based on standardized protocols. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Treatment success was defined as ≥50 % reduction in lesion size and resolution of symptoms at four months. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Among the 70 patients (mean age of 32.6 ± 19 years; 53 % female), the overall treatment success rate was 65.7 %. Females demonstrated a significantly higher response rate than males (78.8 % vs. 54.1 %, p = 0.03). Intradermal administration yielded significantly better outcomes (91.4 %) compared to intramuscular injections (40 %, p < 0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed with age, lesion size, number, or morphology, although smaller lesions and blister-type lesions tended to respond better.

Conclusions

Glucantime showed moderate clinical effectiveness for CL treatment, with intradermal administration demonstrating superior outcomes compared to intramuscular delivery. Although intradermal therapy should be prioritized for suitable lesions, the moderate overall efficacy highlights the need for alternative or adjunctive treatments. Findings should be interpreted with appropriate caution and further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results and refine treatment protocols.

背景：皮肤利什曼病（CL）是一个主要的公共卫生问题在流行地区，如设拉子，伊朗。葡聚糖（甲氨基锑酸盐），一种五价锑仍然是一线治疗。然而，其疗效取决于给药途径和患者特异性因素。本研究旨在评估葡聚糖酶的临床疗效，并确定CL患者治疗成功的预测因素。方法：这项回顾性横断面研究纳入了2024年在一家主要转诊中心诊断为CL的70例患者。通过基于聚合酶链反应的分子检测和直接显微寄生虫学检查确诊。患者接受葡聚糖治疗，根据标准方案皮内或肌内给药。记录人口统计学数据、病变特征和治疗结果。治疗成功的定义是病灶大小缩小≥50% %，四个月时症状缓解。结果：70例患者（平均年龄32.6 ± 19 岁，女性53 %），总治疗成功率为65.7% %。女性的有效率明显高于男性（78.8% % vs. 54.1% %,p = 0.03）。皮内给药的效果（91.4 %）明显优于肌内注射（40 %,p ）。结论：葡聚糖多糖在CL治疗中表现出中等的临床疗效，皮内给药的效果优于肌内给药。虽然皮内治疗应优先考虑合适的病变，但总体疗效适中，需要替代或辅助治疗。研究结果应适当谨慎地解释，需要进一步的前瞻性研究来证实这些结果并完善治疗方案。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the usual suspects: Uncovering less-recognized pathogenic bacteria in Ghanaian blood-feeding Amblyomma variegatum ticks using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 超越通常的怀疑：利用16S rRNA扩增子测序，在加纳吸血型变异双盲蜱中发现不太为人所知的致病菌。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103228

Jennifer Afua Afrifa Yamoah , Kofi Dadzie Kwofie , Jewelna Akorli , Danielle Ladzekpo , Hayato Kawada , Kwadwo Yeboah Boateng , Julius Beyuo , Antoinette Keleve , Jonas Bedford Danquah , Christopher Tawiah-Mensah , Jane Ansah-Owusu , Samuel Kweku Dadzie , Paul Amponsah Wallace , Naotoshi Tsuji , Takeshi Hatta

Ticks are important vectors of bacterial pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In Ghana, Amblyomma variegatum is the predominant cattle-infesting tick, yet most studies have focused on a limited range of well-characterized pathogens, potentially overlooking a broader diversity of less-recognized, emerging, or opportunistic bacteria. In this study, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the bacteriome of partially blood-fed Am. variegatum ticks, with emphasis on underexplored taxa. As ticks were blood-fed at the time of collection, some detected microorganisms may represent transient, host-derived bacteria rather than endogenous tick microbiota; therefore, findings should also be interpreted within the context of xenosurveillance.

Partially-fed ticks were collected from cattle across three ecological zones within Ghana's Greater Accra Region. 11 Am. variegatum ticks, confirmed through both morphological and molecular analyses, were subjected to high-throughput sequencing, and bacterial diversity and composition were analysed using established bioinformatics tools. Sequencing generated over 1.75 million high-quality reads and 3172 amplicon sequence variants. Five dominant bacterial phyla were detected, with Actinomycetota and Bacillota being the most abundant. While Rickettsia spp. were prevalent in some samples, Anaplasma and Coxiella, two commonly studied tick-borne bacteria, were not detected. Several less-recognized or opportunistic species, including multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium resistens and bovine-associated Porphyromonas levii, were identified at high relative abundance.

These findings suggest that Am. variegatum may harbor a broader range of bacterial taxa than previously recognized. Incorporating such neglected microorganisms into a One Health tick-surveillance framework may improve disease risk assessment and guide public and animal health interventions in the region.

蜱是影响人类和动物健康的重要细菌病原体载体。在加纳，变异钝眼蜱是主要的牛感染蜱，然而大多数研究都集中在有限范围内的特征明确的病原体上，可能忽视了更广泛的不被认识的、新出现的或机会性的细菌。在这项研究中，我们使用16S rRNA扩增子测序来表征部分血喂养Am的细菌组。变异蜱，重点是未开发的分类群。由于蜱虫在采集时是以血液为食的，一些检测到的微生物可能是短暂的、宿主来源的细菌，而不是内源性的蜱虫微生物群；因此，研究结果也应在异种监测的背景下进行解释。从加纳大阿克拉地区的三个生态区的牛身上收集了部分喂食的蜱虫。通过形态学和分子分析确认的变异蜱进行了高通量测序，并使用已建立的生物信息学工具分析了细菌多样性和组成。测序产生了超过175万个高质量reads和3172个扩增子序列变体。检测到5个优势菌门，以放线菌门和芽孢杆菌门数量最多。虽然立克次体在一些样本中普遍存在，但未检测到两种常被研究的蜱传细菌无原体和克希氏菌。一些不太为人所知或机会性的物种，包括耐多药棒状杆菌和牛相关的卟啉单胞菌，被鉴定出相对丰度很高。这些发现表明Am。Variegatum可能拥有比以前认识到的更广泛的细菌分类群。将这些被忽视的微生物纳入“同一个健康”蜱虫监测框架可能会改善疾病风险评估，并指导该地区的公共和动物卫生干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Collagen capsule and drug access do not explain ivermectin resistance of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae 胶原胶囊和药物通路不能解释旋毛虫肌肉幼虫对伊维菌素的耐药。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103227

Sukhonthip Khueangchiangkhwang , Yasuhisa Oida , Asuka Taguchi , Kiyoyuki Kitaichi , Jun-ichi Takeda , Fuminori Hyodo , YIENDUER , Ruofei Kan , Sarawut Sonrit , Zhiliang Wu , Yoichi Maekawa

Trichinella is a nematode that causes chronic infection via its larvae in muscle cells and remains a global health concern. Drug sensitivity, including to ivermectin (IVM), differs between intestinal adult worms (AW) and muscle larvae (ML): AW are susceptible, whereas ML are not. We tested whether the collagen capsule surrounding ML limits drug entry and thereby explains the poor efficacy of IVM. In mice infected with encapsulated T. spiralis or non-encapsulated T. pseudospiralis, IVM treatment at the ML stage did not reduce ML burdens. In vivo pharmacokinetic analyses detected IVM within ML, regardless of presence or absence of the collagen capsule. These results indicate that the collagen capsule and limited drug access do not account for the ineffectiveness of IVM against ML. Intrinsic, stage-specific factors within ML likely underlie this resistance and warrant further investigation.

旋毛虫是一种通过其肌肉细胞中的幼虫引起慢性感染的线虫，仍然是全球健康问题。药物敏感性，包括对伊维菌素（IVM）的敏感性，在肠成虫（AW）和肌肉幼虫（ML）之间是不同的：AW是敏感的，而ML不是。我们检测了ML周围的胶原胶囊是否限制了药物进入，从而解释了IVM疗效差的原因。在感染包封螺旋体或未包封假螺旋体的小鼠中，在ML阶段使用IVM治疗并没有减轻ML负担。体内药代动力学分析检测了ML内的IVM，无论是否存在胶原胶囊。这些结果表明，胶原蛋白胶囊和有限的药物通路并不能解释IVM对ML无效的原因。ML内部的内在、阶段特异性因素可能是这种耐药性的基础，值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Sleeping with the enemy II: Expanding the ecological, molecular, and epidemiological knowledge of the tropical fowl mite, Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) 与敌人同床共枕II：扩展对热带禽螨（Ornithonyssus bursa）的生态学、分子和流行病学知识（Berlese, 1888）

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103226

Ricardo Bassini-Silva , Luís Fernando da Cruz , Julia Takatsu Carvalho , Victor de Souza Mello-Oliveira , Isabella Pereira Pesenato , Ana Cláudia Calchi , Ana Carolina Castro-Santiago , Lívia de Oliveira Andrade , Gabriela da Silva Zampim , Rafael de Oliveira Bonaldo , Luiz Fernando Denadai Miranda , Maria Eduarda Borges Seixas Subutzki , Raul Fávero Perrone , Rosiléia Marinho de Quadros , Tatiana Evelyn Hayama Ueno , Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe , Marcos Rogério André , José Maurício Barbanti Duarte , Cristiane dos Santos Cruz Piveta , Marcelo Bahia Labruna , Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius

Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese), the tropical fowl mite from the family Macronyssidae, is a hematophagous ectoparasite of birds with increasing importance in human and animal health. This study reports new cases of human parasitism associated with O. bursa in Brazil, involving direct contact with avian hosts or their nests. These cases include new geographic records in the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina, and new associations with bird species, including the first known record in Amazona aestiva (Psittaciformes). Molecular analysis was performed on individual mites to characterize the species and investigate associated microorganisms. This study provides the first partial sequence of the cox1 gene for O. bursa and the first phylogenetic analysis for the family using this marker. Additionally, we report the first detection of Ehrlichia and Wolbachia in Brazilian specimens. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA sequences placed the Ehrlichia haplotype close to strains previously detected in Haemaphysalis spp. ticks and the Wolbachia haplotype within supergroup E. These findings expand our understanding of the ecological and microbial diversity of O. bursa, highlighting its public health relevance, and emphasize the need for further studies on its vector potential and evolutionary relationships.

法氏鸟螨（Ornithonyssus bursa, Berlese）是一种热带禽螨属螨科，是鸟类的食血体外寄生虫，对人类和动物健康的重要性日益增加。本研究报告了巴西与奥氏囊虫相关的人类寄生虫新病例，涉及与禽类宿主或其巢穴的直接接触。这些案例包括圣保罗州和圣卡塔琳娜州的新地理记录，以及与鸟类物种的新联系，包括亚马逊aestiva（鹦鹉目）的第一个已知记录。对单个螨进行分子分析，以表征物种并调查相关微生物。本研究提供了O. bursa cox1基因的第一个部分序列，并首次使用该标记对该家族进行了系统发育分析。此外，我们报告首次在巴西标本中检测到埃利希体和沃尔巴克体。基于16S rRNA序列的系统发育分析表明，埃利希体单倍型与以前在蜱血蜱中检测到的菌株接近，沃尔巴克氏体单倍型在e超群中。这些发现扩大了我们对法氏体O. bursa的生态和微生物多样性的理解，突出了其公共卫生相关性，并强调了进一步研究其载体潜力和进化关系的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Morpho-molecular identification of heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) in domestic dogs in the Sucre canton, Ecuador 厄瓜多尔苏克雷州家犬心丝虫（Dirofilaria immitis）形态-分子鉴定

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103225

Sonia María Koppel Moreira , Angel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira , Camilo Alexander Mestanza Uquillas , Carolina Fonseca Restrepo , Victor Montes Zambrano , Naga Raju Maddela

Dirofilaria immitis, the etiologic agent of heartworm disease in dogs, is a mosquito-borne nematode that primarily affects the cardiopulmonary system. The objective of this study was to morphologically and molecularly characterize the nematodes found in a naturally infected dog in the Sucre canton of Ecuador. It is a tropical coastal region with favorable conditions for vector proliferation, but with limited epidemiological information. The necropsy of the infected dog revealed adult nematodes located in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries, exhibiting the sexual dimorphism characteristic of D. immitis. Parasites were molecularly analyzed using PCR amplification of the cox1 and 18S rRNA genes, followed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic comparison with reference strains from the NCBI/GenBank database. All isolates showed 100 % query coverage, with identities ranging from 99 to 100 % with known D. immitis strains. Phylogenetic trees constructed using the Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining methods positioned local isolates within well-supported D. immitis clades, indicating high genetic similarity with reference strains from Asia, Europe, and South America. This integrated diagnostic approach highlights the value of combining morphological and molecular tools for accurate parasite identification. Furthermore, the study provides essential reference data for veterinary surveillance programs on the Ecuadorian coast. This information supports the implementation of early diagnosis, control, and prevention strategies, contributing to improving the health of domestic dogs and reducing the risk of zoonotic transmission in vulnerable tropical ecosystems.

犬心丝虫是一种主要影响心肺系统的蚊媒线虫，是犬心丝虫病的病原。本研究的目的是形态学和分子表征在厄瓜多尔苏克雷州自然感染的狗中发现的线虫。它是一个热带沿海地区，具有媒介增殖的有利条件，但流行病学信息有限。对感染犬的尸检显示，成虫位于右心室和肺动脉，表现出免疫弓形虫性二型性特征。利用cox1和18S rRNA基因的PCR扩增对寄生虫进行分子分析，然后进行Sanger测序，并与NCBI/GenBank数据库中的参考菌株进行系统发育比较。所有分离株均显示100%的查询覆盖率，与已知的嗜血杆菌菌株的一致性在99%到100%之间。利用最大似然和邻居连接方法构建的系统发育树将本地分离株定位在支持良好的D. immitis分支中，表明与来自亚洲、欧洲和南美洲的参考菌株具有高度的遗传相似性。这种综合诊断方法强调了结合形态学和分子工具准确鉴定寄生虫的价值。此外，该研究为厄瓜多尔海岸的兽医监测项目提供了重要的参考数据。这一信息有助于实施早期诊断、控制和预防战略，有助于改善家养狗的健康状况，减少热带脆弱生态系统中人畜共患疾病传播的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Tick saliva molecules as potential immunomodulatory therapeutics 勾选唾液分子作为潜在的免疫调节疗法。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103224

Takeshi Hatta

Ticks, infamous vectors of various pathogens, have evolved a unique strategy of saliva secretion during long-term feeding to suppress host defense mechanisms, including immune responses. This phenomenon may be a potential strategy to treat immune disorders and other diseases, offering a promising opportunity for exploiting parasite biology and parasite-derived molecules in drug discovery. This review examines the therapeutic potential of components in tick saliva, focusing on their mechanisms of action and clinical applications. It also discusses tick-derived immunomodulators, such as chemokine-binding proteins and complement inhibitors, that are currently attracting attention from the perspective of therapeutic drug development. Specifically, Ornithodoros moubata complement inhibitor (nomacopan), a C5 complement inhibitor contained in saliva from the soft tick O. moubata, has reached Phase III clinical trial status for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and is considered an advanced research model in tick-derived drug development. The diverse and potent immunomodulatory properties of tick saliva molecules make them a potentially rich source for the identification and development of novel therapeutics, particularly for immune-mediated diseases.

蜱是各种病原体的臭名昭著的载体，在长期摄食过程中进化出一种独特的唾液分泌策略来抑制宿主的防御机制，包括免疫反应。这种现象可能是治疗免疫紊乱和其他疾病的潜在策略，为利用寄生虫生物学和寄生虫衍生分子进行药物发现提供了有希望的机会。本文综述了蜱虫唾液成分的治疗潜力，重点介绍了它们的作用机制和临床应用。它还讨论了蜱衍生的免疫调节剂，如趋化因子结合蛋白和补体抑制剂，目前正从治疗药物开发的角度引起关注。具体来说，moubata Ornithodoros补体抑制剂（nomacopan）是一种含有在moubata软蜱唾液中的C5补体抑制剂，已经达到了用于造血干细胞移植相关血栓性微血管病的III期临床试验状态，被认为是蜱源性药物开发的先进研究模式。蜱虫唾液分子的多样性和有效的免疫调节特性使其成为鉴定和开发新疗法的潜在丰富来源，特别是针对免疫介导的疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Parasite diversity in painted frogs inhabiting desert oases in southern Tunisia” [Parasitology International, volume 111C (2026), 103195] “居住在突尼斯南部沙漠绿洲的彩绘蛙的寄生虫多样性”的勘误表[寄生虫学国际，卷111C(2026), 103195]。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103223

J. Dhib , M. Comas , H. Kacem , A. Hammouda , J. Harl , H.P. Fuehrer , J. Garrido-Bautista , G. Moreno-Rueda , S. Selmi

引用次数: 0

Avian trichomonosis: An innovative approach in drug redirection with Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Nitrofurantoin 禽滴虫病：环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和呋喃妥因药物重定向的创新方法。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103221

Marjorie de Giacometi , Yan Wahast Islabão , Alexia Brauner de Mello , Filipe Obelar Martins , Melinda Gomes Victor , Camila Belmonte Oliveira

Trichomonas gallinae is the protozoan that causes avian trichomonosis, a disease affecting the upper digestive tract of birds and leading to proliferative lesions. The 5-nitroimidazoles, especially metronidazole, are the only recommended treatment, but emerging resistance highlights the need for alternatives. Ciprofloxacin (CP) and norfloxacin (NOR) are fluoroquinolones, and nitrofurantoin (NF) is a nitrofuran; all of which show broad-spectrum activity against bacterial and parasitic infections. This study evaluated the in vitro antiparasitic activity of these antibiotics on T. gallinae trophozoites and determined the mean inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the mortality curve, in addition to demonstrating the morphological changes caused in the trophozoites. The antibiotics were tested at the following concentration ranges: 5–0.1 mg/mL (CP), 10–0.25 mg/mL (NOR), and 5–0.03 mg/mL (NF). Efficacy was observed at the highest concentrations (5 mg/mL for CP and NF; 10 mg/mL for NOR) after 24 h, with approximately 100 % inhibition of trophozoite growth. In the determination of IC₅₀ values, NF showed the lowest value (0.069 mg/mL), followed by CP (0.27 mg/mL) and NOR (0.71 mg/mL). The activity of antibiotics against T. gallinae began in the first hour of incubation, with over 98 % inhibition for NOR compared to approximately 65 % for CP and NF. After 12 h, inhibition of >95 % was observed, reaching 100 % in 48 h for all antibiotics. These results demonstrated that CP, NOR, and NF were promising antibiotics for the in vitro treatment of avian trichomonosis. All tested antibiotics induced significant morphological changes in trophozoites, including flagellar internalization, vacuolization, and pseudocyst-like formations. In silico studies were carried out with relevant Trichomonas proteins which showed potential mechanistic pathways of CP and NOR.

鸡毛滴虫是引起禽毛滴虫病的原生动物，禽毛滴虫病是一种影响鸟类上消化道并导致增殖性病变的疾病。5-硝基咪唑，特别是甲硝唑，是唯一推荐的治疗方法，但新出现的耐药性突出了寻找替代品的必要性。环丙沙星（CP）和诺氟沙星（NOR）为氟喹诺酮类药物，呋喃妥因（NF）为呋喃类药物；所有这些都显示出对细菌和寄生虫感染的广谱活性。本研究评估了这些抗生素对鸡糜虫滋养体的体外抗寄生活性，测定了平均抑制浓度（IC50）、最低抑制浓度（MIC）和死亡曲线，并证明了滋养体的形态变化。抗生素检测浓度范围为5-0.1 mg/mL （CP）、10-0.25 mg/mL （NOR）和5-0.03 mg/mL （NF）。24 h后，在最高浓度（CP和NF为5 mg/mL； NOR为10 mg/mL）下观察到效果，对滋养体生长的抑制作用约为100% %。在确定IC₅0值时，NF显示出最低值（0.069 mg/mL），其次是CP（0.27 mg/mL）和NOR（0.71 mg/mL）。抗生素对鸡绦虫的活性在孵育的第一个小时开始，对NOR的抑制作用超过98% %，而对CP和NF的抑制作用约为65% %。12 h后，观察到>的抑制率为95% %，48 h后，所有抗生素的抑制率均达到100% %。这些结果表明，CP、NOR和NF是体外治疗禽滴虫病有前景的抗生素。所有测试的抗生素都引起滋养体的显著形态变化，包括鞭毛内化、空泡化和假囊肿样形成。用相关毛滴虫蛋白进行了计算机研究，揭示了CP和NOR的潜在机制途径。

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引用次数: 0

Cryptosporidium spp. in adult goats from family farms in northwestern Argentina: Prevalence and epidemiological insights 阿根廷西北部家庭农场成年山羊隐孢子虫的流行病学研究。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103222

Carina Basset , Kevin D. Steffen , Lorena De Felice , Bruno Fitte , Paula L. Olaizola , M. Laura Gos , Juan M. Unzaga

Cryptosporidium infection in goats has been reported in several countries. However, information is scarce for South America, including Argentina. This study aimed to identify Cryptosporidium spp. infections in adult goats of 11 rural communities from Luracatao Valley (Argentina), and to evaluate associated risk factors through socio-productive surveys. Fecal samples were collected of 409 adult goats from 51 family farms. Oocysts compatible with Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 0.48 % (2/409) of samples by microscopy. A total of 4.89 % (20/409) of goats and 36.36 % (4/11) of communities tested positive by nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene fragments. The sequences were consistent with C. ubiquitum (n = 15), C. xiaoi (n = 3), and C. parvum (n = 2). 51 surveys were conducted with goat-raising families, providing contextual data on herd management, health practices, and environmental conditions. Multivariate analysis showed a significant protective association between antiparasitic treatment and Cryptosporidium infection (OR = 0.073; p < 0.05). These findings provide valuable information to better understand cryptosporidiosis in family goat systems, a system that is often overlooked in public policy, despite goats being a significant source of livelihood for many families.

一些国家报告了山羊中隐孢子虫感染。然而，包括阿根廷在内的南美洲的信息很少。本研究旨在鉴定阿根廷Luracatao山谷11个农村社区成年山羊隐孢子虫感染情况，并通过社会生产调查评估相关危险因素。收集了51个家庭农场409只成年山羊的粪便样本。显微镜下检出与隐孢子虫相容的卵囊率为0.48 %（2/409）。针对18S rRNA基因片段进行巢式PCR检测，共有4.89 %（20/409）的山羊和36.36 %（4/11）的群落呈阳性。与C. ubiquitum （n = 15）、C. xiaoi （n = 3）和C. parvum （n = 2）序列一致。对山羊饲养家庭进行了51次调查，提供了关于羊群管理、卫生做法和环境条件的背景数据。多因素分析显示，抗寄生虫治疗与隐孢子虫感染之间存在显著的保护性关联(OR = 0.073;p

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引用次数: 0

Nocardia-derived metabolites as promising antibacterial and larvicidal agents against Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) 诺卡菌衍生代谢物作为抗斯氏按蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）的有前景的抗菌和杀幼虫剂。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Parasitology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103220

Marjan Seratnahaei , Saeed Eshraghi , Fatemeh Safari , Snigdha Mohan , Neda Merikhi , Leila shirani-bidabadi , Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani

Nocardia species produce diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, with potential applications against antibiotic resistance and vector-borne diseases. This study characterizes a metabolite from Nocardia fluminea strain N2, isolated from soils in Tehran, Iran, and evaluates its dual antibacterial and larvicidal activities. The strain, identified via 16S rRNA sequencing, and its metabolite production was monitored. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed using agar well diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays, while larvicidal toxicity was evaluated by determining the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC₅₀) and 90 (LC₉₀). The metabolite's chemical composition was elucidated using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. The metabolite exhibited potent antibacterial effects, demonstrating significant inhibition zones (>15 mm) and low MIC against Escherichia coli (6.67 μg/mL) and Salmonella typhimurium (2.67 μg/mL). In larvicidal assays against Anopheles stephensi, the metabolite showed time-dependent efficacy, with LC₅₀ values decreasing from 399 mg/L at 24 h to 353 mg/L at 72 h. Structural analysis suggested a novel compound with a molecular weight of 738 Da. Our findings identify the N. fluminea N2 metabolite as a promising dual-function agent for combating bacterial pathogens and malaria vectors.

诺卡菌产生多种生物活性次生代谢物，具有抗抗生素耐药性和媒介传播疾病的潜在应用。本研究鉴定了从伊朗德黑兰土壤中分离的流感诺卡菌N2株的代谢物，并评价了其抗菌和杀幼虫的双重活性。通过16S rRNA测序鉴定该菌株，并监测其代谢产物的产生。使用琼脂孔扩散和最低抑制浓度（MIC）测定来评估抗菌效果，而通过确定致死浓度50 （LC₅₀）和90 （LC₉₀）来评估杀幼虫毒性。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和质谱法对其化学成分进行了分析。该代谢物对大肠杆菌（6.67 μg/mL）和鼠伤寒沙门菌（2.67 μg/mL）具有显著的抑制区（bbb15 mm）和低MIC，具有较强的抑菌作用。在对斯氏按蚊的杀幼虫试验中，代谢物显示出时间依赖性的功效，LC₅0值从24 h时的399 mg/L下降到72 h时的353 mg/L。结构分析表明该化合物分子量为738 Da。我们的研究结果表明，氟奈米菌N2代谢物是一种很有前途的双功能剂，可用于对抗细菌病原体和疟疾媒介。

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