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Features of Statistical Accounting of Allergic Diseases in Children — Evidence from Moscow 儿童过敏性疾病统计核算的特点--来自莫斯科的证据
Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i5.2633
A. Denisova, A. B. Malahov, A. Pampura, Elena V. Vishneva, M. Soloshenko, Nikoloz M. Gaboshvili, L. S. Namazova-Baranova
Background. The emergence of new functional capabilities of statistical accounting made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of the morbidity of allergic pathologies according to the registers of allergists and pediatricians from the Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (UMIAS) of Moscow with data from the Form of Federal Statistical Observation No. 12 (FSO No. 12). The aim of the study is to investigate the potential of using UMIAS for assessing/monitoring the morbidity of allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma in children, using the example of several outpatient clinics (OPCs) in Moscow. Methods. A study of combined design has been carried out. The data of children of several OPCs in Moscow were analyzed — data from UMIAS (observation registers of pediatricians and allergist-immunologists) and from the reporting forms of the FSO No. 12. Results. For a comparative analysis of statistical data from UMIAS and FSO No. 12, we studied the information of 60,851 children under 18 years of age. It was revealed that out of 60,851 children: allergic rhinitis according to FSO No. 12 and UMIAS was established in 1001 and 1059 patients; atopic dermatitis — in 142 and 345; urticaria — in 363 and 33; angioedema — in 4 and 16, respectively; food allergy — in 233 children according (to FSO No. 12) and in none of the children (according to UMIAS). Out of 60,851 children, 619 children were diagnosed with bronchial asthma according to the annual report (FSO No. 12) and 537 according to the pediatrician’s observation registers (UMIAS). At the same time, it was found that the diagnosis of bronchial asthma is not available as a separate nosology in the registry of an allergist-immunologist, and information about children with bronchial asthma is available to this specialist only when analyzing the uploaded information about children with other allergic diseases. Conclusion. A adequate sample ensured a high representativeness of the results obtained. The differences in the incidence rates of allergic diseases revealed by a comparative analysis of data from various sources — UMIAS and FSO No. 12 — indicate the need to improve both the system of statistical registration of incidence and the development of modern algorithms for early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of children with allergies.
背景。统计核算新功能的出现使得根据莫斯科统一医疗信息和分析系统(UMIAS)中过敏症医生和儿科医生的登记数据与第 12 号联邦统计观察表(FSO No.12)中的数据对过敏性疾病的发病率进行比较分析成为可能。本研究的目的是以莫斯科的几家门诊部(OPCs)为例,研究使用统一医疗信息和分析系统评估/监测过敏性疾病(包括儿童支气管哮喘)发病率的潜力。方法。进行了一项综合设计研究。对莫斯科几家门诊部的儿童数据进行了分析--数据来自 UMIAS(儿科医生和过敏免疫学家的观察登记)和 FSO 第 12 号报告表。结果。为了对来自 UMIAS 和 FSO 第 12 号的统计数据进行比较分析,我们研究了 60 851 名 18 岁以下儿童的信息。结果显示,在 60851 名儿童中,根据《第 12 号联邦统计公报》和《儿童健康状况普查表》,分别有 1001 名和 1059 名儿童患有过敏性鼻炎;142 名和 345 名儿童患有特应性皮炎;363 名和 33 名儿童患有荨麻疹;4 名和 16 名儿童患有血管性水肿;233 名儿童患有食物过敏(根据《第 12 号联邦统计公报》),没有儿童患有食物过敏(根据《儿童健康状况普查表》)。在 60 851 名儿童中,有 619 名儿童根据年度报告(FSO 第 12 号)被诊断患有支气管哮喘,有 537 名儿童根据儿科医生的观察登记(UMIAS)被诊断患有支气管哮喘。同时还发现,支气管哮喘的诊断并没有作为一个单独的病种出现在过敏免疫学专家的登记册中,只有在分析上载的其他过敏性疾病患儿的信息时,该专家才能获得有关支气管哮喘患儿的信息。结论充足的样本确保了研究结果的高度代表性。通过对不同来源(UMIAS 和 FSO 第 12 号)的数据进行比较分析,发现过敏性疾病的发病率存在差异,这表明有必要改进发病率统计登记系统,并开发用于早期诊断和动态监测过敏性疾病患儿的现代算法。
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引用次数: 0
Proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice 儿科临床中的质子泵抑制剂
Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i5.2606
A. Shilova, Zajnab G. Alieva, O. Bashkina, B. Kantemirova
The scientific review of the literature provides information on current clinical observations of the use of proton pump inhibitors in large randomized trials of Russian and foreign scientists, issues of their classification, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, efficacy and safety of prescribing in pediatric practice, due to the growth of acid-dependent conditions in children and the need for further systematic research with the development of approaches to personalization of prescribing drugs for each age group.
科学文献综述介绍了俄罗斯和外国科学家在大型随机试验中使用质子泵抑制剂的当前临床观察结果、分类、药代动力学、药效学、药代遗传学、儿科处方的有效性和安全性等问题,这些问题是由于儿童酸依赖性病症的增加以及需要进一步系统研究,为每个年龄组开发个性化处方药物的方法所致。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical guidelines for the management of children with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency 溶酶体酸性脂肪酶缺乏症患儿的临床治疗指南
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2602
I. Anisimova, M. Albegova, M. Bagaeva, G. Baidakova, A. A. Baranov, N. Vashakmadze, E. Vishneva, O. Gundobina, A. Degtiareva, M. Ezhov, M. Zharkova, N. V. Zhurkova, E. Zaharova, V. Ivashkin, E. Kamenets, S. I. Kutzev, A. E. Lavrova, Irina A. Matinian, S. Mikhailova, L. Namazova-Baranova, I. Pashkova, E. Petriaykina, T. Pervunina, Nataliia L. Pechatnikova, Nelia S. Pogosian, S. Repina, L. Selimzianova, T. Skvortsova, T. Strokova, Dmitriy M. Subbotin, A. Surkov, E. Tumanova, Ekaterina G. Tzimbalova
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency is s a rare hereditary enzymopathy. The article presents epidemiological data and features of etiopathogenesis of two phenotypic forms of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency — Wolman disease and cholesterol ester storage disease. Special attention has been given to the key issues of differential diagnostic search, clinical guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine have been given.
溶酶体酸性脂肪酶缺乏症是一种罕见的遗传性酶病。本文介绍溶酶体酸性脂肪酶缺乏症沃尔曼病和胆固醇酯沉积病两种表型的流行病学资料和发病特点。特别关注鉴别诊断搜索的关键问题,基于循证医学原则的临床指南已经给出。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical and Diagnostic Value of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases' Serological Markers in Children (Literature Review) 儿童炎症性肠病血清学指标的临床及诊断价值(文献复习)
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2605
A. Kamalova, Marina A. Khanafina, G. A. Garina
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing worldwide. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are characterized by chronic progressive course, high frequency of complications, and high risk of surgical treatment. Up to 50% of CD patients die due to its complications, and quarter of these patients require at least one surgery during their lifetime. IBD patients have 8 times higher risk of colorectal and small intestine cancer. IBD diagnosis can be established during childhood in 25% of cases. Early intensified therapy of individual patient groups could significantly reduce complications and surgical treatment rates. However, nowadays there are no reliable prognostic criteria for the unfavorable course of IBD. The aim of this review is to define the most studied IBD serological markers and to evaluate immune reactivation role in CD and UC course in children.
炎症性肠病(IBD)的患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的特点是病程缓慢,并发症发生率高,手术治疗风险高。高达50%的乳糜泻患者死于其并发症,其中四分之一的患者一生中至少需要一次手术。IBD患者患结直肠癌和小肠癌的风险是普通患者的8倍。25%的IBD病例可在儿童期确诊。个体组早期强化治疗可显著减少并发症和手术治愈率。然而,目前对于IBD的不良病程并没有可靠的预后标准。本综述的目的是定义研究最多的IBD血清学标志物,并评估免疫再激活在儿童CD和UC病程中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Literature Review on the Application of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Adolescents around the World and in Russian Federation 国际功能、残疾和健康分类在世界各地和俄罗斯联邦儿童和青少年中的应用文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2586
Vyacheslav V. Yazev, D. Rusinova, Alexey S. Bezymyanniy
Integration of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health into the real practice of medical and social rehabilitation institutions is one of the tasks of the World Health Organization. Thus, collection of data on disability via this classification, creation of software and mobile applications for its implementation in practice will improve rehabilitation's quality and accessibility. In general, it is crucial for creation of scientific framework for health indicators and treatment outcomes assessment; for creation of common language to describe health indicators to improve understanding between health professionals, researchers, and people with disabilities; for providing information to rehabilitation-related professionals in different countries; for providing coding scheme for health information systems (including children and adolescents).
将《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》纳入医疗和社会康复机构的实际做法是世界卫生组织的任务之一。因此,通过这种分类收集残疾数据,创建软件和移动应用程序,以便在实践中实施,将提高康复的质量和可及性。总的来说,为健康指标和治疗结果评估建立科学框架至关重要;创建描述卫生指标的共同语言,以增进卫生专业人员、研究人员和残疾人之间的了解;为不同国家与康复有关的专业人士提供资讯;为卫生信息系统(包括儿童和青少年)提供编码方案。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical observation of familial cases of congenital ichthyosis 先天性鱼鳞病家族性临床观察
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2604
Nailya R. Pimenova, E. Kashirskaya, A. Alekseeva
Background. Ichthyosis is a group of rare genetic diseases with a wide phenotypic spectrum, characterized most often by generalized hyperkeratinization and desquamation with variable erythema [1]. In most cases, the diagnosis is established immediately after birth on the basis of clinical data. The basis of treatment is correct skin care, regular moisturizing, prevention of infection. Case Reports. The article describes clinical cases of congenital ichthyosis in two boys from the same family born 8 years apart. At the time of birth, both children had similar clinical signs and the disease progression types. Conclusion. Children in this family showed a genetically similar form of congenital ichthyosis. Due to timely initiation of complex treatment and correct skin care, there was a significant favourable evolution.
背景。鱼鳞病是一组罕见的遗传性疾病,具有广泛的表型谱,最常见的特征是广泛性角化过度和脱屑伴变异性红斑[1]。在大多数情况下,诊断是在出生后立即根据临床资料确定的。治疗的基础是正确护肤,定期补水,预防感染。案例报告。本文描述了两名来自同一家庭的男孩的先天性鱼鳞病的临床病例,他们出生时相隔8年。出生时,两患儿的临床症状和疾病进展类型相似。结论。这个家庭的孩子表现出遗传上相似的先天性鱼鳞病。由于及时开始复杂的治疗和正确的皮肤护理,有一个显著的有利的演变。
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引用次数: 0
Antileukemic impact of glucocorticoid use in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment 糖皮质激素在急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗中的抗白血病作用
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2603
M. Shervashidze, D. S. Smirnova, T. T. Valiev, K. Kirgizov, S. Varfolomeeva
Glucocorticoids (GC) are used as anti-inflammatory, immunosupressive and anti-tumor agents for several decades due to their ability to cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction but mechanism of action is not fully explored. Glucocorticoids play one of the key roles in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment and are at the forefront in induction and reinduction phases. The response of tumor clone to GC determines a risk group and prognosis. A number of mechanisms of antileukemic action and resistance factors will be describe in this article.
糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids, GC)由于具有抑制细胞周期和诱导细胞凋亡的作用,被用作抗炎、免疫抑制和抗肿瘤药物已有几十年的历史,但其作用机制尚不完全清楚。糖皮质激素在急性淋巴细胞白血病的治疗中发挥着关键作用,在诱导和再诱导阶段处于最前沿。肿瘤克隆对胃癌的反应决定了胃癌的危险人群和预后。本文将介绍一些抗白血病作用的机制和耐药因素。
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引用次数: 0
Modern Approaches to the Management of Children with Hypophosphatasia 儿童低磷血症的现代治疗方法
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2601
A. A. Baranov, T. T. Batysheva, O. Bykova, N. Vashakmadze, E. Vislobokova, A. Vitebskaya, E. Vishneva, Victoria Yu. Voynova, N. Zhurkova, E. Zakharova, L. Kiselnikova, M. Kostik, S. Kutsev, T. Margieva, L. Namazova-Baranova, S. Mikhaylova, S. Moiseev, Tatyana S. Nagornaya, L. Selimzyanova, A. Semyachkina, Olga Ya. Smirnova, M. Fedoseenko, Svetlana V. Pishchal'nikova
Hypophosphatasia is rare genetic disease caused by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency due to the mutation in the ALPL gene. Disease can manifest in utero, in childhood or in adults depending on its form and severity. This article presents modern data on the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical signs of hypophosphatasia in children, covers in details differential diagnostic search, and gives guidelines for its evidence-based treatment. Without timely treatment the prognosis of the disease is unfavorable in most cases. Such patients require follow-up by multidisciplinary team of physicians. The only effective method of treatment is enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa. Symptomatic therapy is also crucial as well as physiotherapeutic procedures and therapeutic exercise programs (at rehabilitation stage).
低磷酸症是由ALPL基因突变引起的组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶缺乏引起的罕见遗传病。根据疾病的形式和严重程度,疾病可在子宫、儿童或成人中表现出来。这篇文章介绍了流行病学,病因学和儿童低磷症的临床症状的现代数据,涵盖了详细的鉴别诊断搜索,并给出了其循证治疗的指导方针。如果不及时治疗,大多数病例的预后是不利的。这类患者需要多学科医生团队的随访。唯一有效的治疗方法是用asfotase - alfa替代酶治疗。对症治疗以及物理治疗程序和治疗性运动计划(在康复阶段)也是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Resolution of the independent expert council of the union of experts in the field of immunoprophylaxis 免疫预防领域专家联盟独立专家理事会的决议
Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2608
A. Editorial
Профилактика инфекционных заболеваний является одним из приоритетов в сфере охраны здоровья (Федеральный закон от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации» (действующая редакция, 2016 г.). 
传染病的预防保健领域的优先事项之一(联邦法律于2011年11月21日,№323 - fz《俄罗斯联邦保护公民健康的基础上”(现任报社2016年)。
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引用次数: 0
Abstracts of the young scientists competition 青年科学家竞赛摘要
Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i4.2581
A. Editorial
3-5 марта 2023 г. в г. Москве c огромным успехом прошел XXIV Конгресс педиатров России с международным участием «Актуальные проблемы педиатрии», посвященный 150-летию со дня рождения выдающегося отечественного педиатра Г.Н. Сперанского. В рамках Конгресса состоялся уже ставший традицией Конкурс научных работ молодых ученых, в котором принял участие 51 человек (студенты, ординаторы, аспиранты, ассистенты, научные сотрудники, врачи) из 15 городов России (всего подано 42 заявки). Представляем вашему вниманию тезисы, поступившие от молодых ученых в оргкомитет Конгресса, в том числе занявшие призовые места.
2023年3月3日至5日,俄罗斯第14届儿科大会在莫斯科取得了巨大成功。在俄罗斯15个城市(总共42个城市)有51名学生、居民、研究生、助理、研究人员和医生参加了一场传统的科学竞赛。请注意,从年轻科学家到国会组织委员会的谈话要点,包括获奖名额。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Pediatric pharmacology
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