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Compulsory licensing of patents. 专利的强制许可。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0039
Narayanasamy Kumutha, Narayanasamy Amutha, Govindasamy S Venkatesh

Compulsory licensing (CL) is a mechanism made by the government to provide balance between the monopoly right holders and the third person with public interest by ensuring the ease availability of the patented products at reasonable rate. This paper discusses the background criteria for getting CL in India as per the Indian Patent Act, 1970 starting from the concepts outlined in the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement. We reviewed the case studies for the accepted and rejected CL in India. We also discuss important CL cases that were permitted internationally, including the present COVID pandemic CL. Finally, we provide our analytical perspectives regarding the pros and cons of CL.

强制许可是政府制定的一种机制,旨在通过确保专利产品以合理的价格易于获得,从而在垄断权持有人和具有公共利益的第三人之间取得平衡。本文从《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中概述的概念出发,讨论了根据1970年《印度专利法》在印度获得CL的背景标准。我们回顾了印度接受和拒绝CL的案例研究。我们还讨论了国际上允许的重要CL病例,包括目前的COVID大流行CL。最后,我们就CL的利弊提供了我们的分析观点。
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引用次数: 5
Papers from the First International Conference on Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights. 首届创新与知识产权国际会议论文。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2023-0004
Michael Bell, Runjhun Tandon
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引用次数: 1
Therapeutic potential of Pogostemon cablin herb: a comprehensive review. 广藿香的治疗潜力综述。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0021
Archana Thakur

Pogostemon cablin (Pogostemon patchouli or Patchouli) is known for its essential oil and is a popular medicinal herb in Indian Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. This review covers patent articles on the P. cablin plant's therapeutic effects. The patent literature was collected using a thorough, comprehensive search on databases like Thomson Innovation, Espacenet, Patentscope, The Lens and Patent digital libraries of different Jurisdictions, including IPO, USPTO, CNIPA, inPASS, KIPO, JPO, etc. Despite the vast number of review articles on non-patent literature, none of the articles reviewed the patent literature. This current P. cablin literature analysis study will facilitate bridging the gap between further exploring the potential of this plant through novel investigations.

广藿香(广藿香或广藿香)以其精油而闻名,是印度阿育吠陀和传统中医中很受欢迎的草药。本文综述了有关长叶草治疗作用的专利文章。专利文献是通过对Thomson Innovation、Espacenet、Patentscope、The Lens等数据库和不同司法管辖区的专利数字图书馆(包括IPO、USPTO、CNIPA、inPASS、KIPO、JPO等)进行彻底、全面的检索收集的。尽管有大量关于非专利文献的评论文章,但没有一篇文章对专利文献进行了评论。目前的文献分析研究将有助于通过新的研究进一步探索该植物的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring risks of investor claims brought forth after the TRIPS waiver for COVID-19. 探讨因COVID-19豁免《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》后投资者索赔的风险。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0034
Shrikant Kulkarni, Varinder Kaur

This research plans to explore the risks of the investment claims involved in the ongoing technology transfers to COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers based on the recently approved 'Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights' (TRIPS) waiver. These investment claims are based on the various intellectual property rights protected under international investment laws. The recently approved TRIPS waiver only deals with the patent rights involved in producing the COVID-19 vaccine but does not deal with the other related intellectual property rights such as trade secrets. This work sounds the alarm of investment dispute for the mass-production of vaccines based on the TRIPS waiver. The research suggests a plan by which the Indian government can address the global issue of COVID-19 technology transfer in India.

本研究计划根据最近批准的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(TRIPS)豁免,探讨正在进行的向COVID-19疫苗制造商转让技术所涉及的投资索赔风险。这些投资主张基于受国际投资法保护的各种知识产权。最近批准的与贸易有关的知识产权豁免仅涉及生产COVID-19疫苗所涉及的专利权,而不涉及商业秘密等其他相关知识产权。这一成果为以TRIPS豁免为基础的疫苗大规模生产敲响了投资争端的警钟。该研究提出了一项计划,印度政府可以通过该计划解决印度COVID-19技术转让的全球问题。
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引用次数: 0
Recent developments in silver nanoparticles utilized for cancer treatment and diagnosis: a patent review. 用于癌症治疗和诊断的银纳米颗粒的最新发展:专利审查。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0010
Shripad M Patil, Runjhun Tandon, Nitin Tandon

Nanotheranostics is a young but rapidly expanding science that incorporates elements of therapy and diagnostics in a unique and miniscule area of research. The potential to combine diagnostic and therapeutic abilities inside a complete unit opens up interesting possibilities for innovative biomedical research. Silver-based nanoparticles, for instance, are widely utilized as pharmacological and biomedical imaging molecules, and hence offer a lot of potential for the development of versatile targeted therapy compositions. These nanoparticles have been used for cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments recently. We evaluate major innovations based on silver nanotheranostics technologies in this review paper, with an emphasis on cancer treatment implications. The present review covers papers, from 2010 to 2020.

纳米肿瘤学是一门年轻但发展迅速的科学,在一个独特而微小的研究领域中融合了治疗和诊断的元素。在一个完整的单元内结合诊断和治疗能力的潜力为创新生物医学研究开辟了有趣的可能性。例如,银基纳米颗粒被广泛用作药理学和生物医学成像分子,因此为开发多功能靶向治疗组合物提供了很大的潜力。这些纳米粒子最近被用于癌症诊断和癌症治疗。在这篇综述中,我们评估了基于银纳米治疗技术的主要创新,重点是癌症治疗的意义。本综述涵盖了2010年至2020年的论文。
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引用次数: 4
Pyrrolidine derivatives as antibacterial agents, current status and future prospects: a patent review. 吡咯烷类衍生物抗菌现状及展望:专利综述。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0015
Aeyaz A Bhat, Nitin Tandon, Runjhun Tandon

Bacterial infections are increasingly epitomizing major global health concerns, with rising death rates. Since the most complete assessment of the worldwide impact of antimicrobial resistance to date, with over 1.2 million people dead in 2019 as a direct result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The majority of antimicrobial drugs have been associated with a multitude of adverse effects including financial costs as well. Pyrrolidine derivatives have sparked the interest of researchers to create novel synthetic molecules with minimal side effect and drawbacks. To close the research gap, the current review discusses the synthetic compounds with active pyrrolidine scaffolds, critical findings and most crucially the structure-activity relationship that affects the activity of the ring over the last one and half decade.

细菌感染日益成为全球主要健康问题的缩影,死亡率不断上升。由于迄今为止对抗菌素耐药性的全球影响进行了最全面的评估,2019年有120多万人直接死于耐抗生素细菌感染。大多数抗菌药物都与多种不良反应有关,包括经济成本。吡咯烷衍生物激发了研究人员的兴趣,以创造具有最小副作用和缺点的新型合成分子。为了缩小研究差距,本文讨论了过去15年来具有活性吡咯烷支架的合成化合物,关键发现以及最重要的影响环活性的构效关系。
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引用次数: 2
Highly stable, non-toxic and functionalized nanoemulsion for the early diagnosis and amelioration of cancer. 高度稳定、无毒、功能化的纳米乳,用于癌症的早期诊断和改善。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0029
Ramesh Joga, Christy J Pulini-Kunnel, Chetan D Sabanis, Simran, Sandeep Kumar, Neeraj Kumar

Aim: To overcome the limitations associated with conventional formulations for cancer treatment by the effective utilization of nanoemulsion with therapy and diagnosis through the single unit. Patent: US20210275687 describes the usage of functionalized various oil-in-water nanoemulsions as pharmacological vehicles with theranostic potential in cancer treatment. Materials & methods: Vitamin E, oleic acid, sphingomyelin, ligands for functionalization, contrast agents and therapeutic biomolecules. Results: The toxicity studies conducted on healthy mice did not show any apparent toxicity issues. The stability studies conducted at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, which is mandatory for regulatory approval, indicated the adequate physical stability of the formulation. Conclusion: The studies exhibited the promising theranostic potential of the developed nanoemulsion for the effective management and diagnosis of cancer and metastatic diseases.

目的:有效利用纳米乳,通过单一单元进行治疗和诊断,以克服常规配方治疗癌症的局限性。专利号:US20210275687描述了功能化的各种水包油纳米乳液作为具有癌症治疗潜力的药理学载体的用途。材料与方法:维生素E、油酸、鞘磷脂、功能化配体、造影剂和治疗性生物分子。结果:对健康小鼠进行的毒性研究未发现任何明显的毒性问题。稳定性研究在40°C和75%相对湿度下进行,这是监管部门批准的强制性要求,表明该配方具有足够的物理稳定性。结论:研究表明,所研制的纳米乳在有效治疗和诊断癌症和转移性疾病方面具有良好的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Patent highlights February-March 2022. 专利亮点:2022年2月至3月。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0013
Hermann Am Mucke

A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.

与制药和医学研究与开发相关的专利文献中值得注意的最新发展概况。
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引用次数: 0
Six drugs facing key patent expirations and potential generic entry from May to June 2022. 2022年5月至6月,6种药物面临关键专利到期和潜在仿制药上市。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0018
Yali Friedman

A challenge in anticipating generic entry is elucidating which patents and regulatory protections constrain generic entry. Presented here is a set of estimated loss of exclusivity dates for six drugs, from May through June 2022. These estimated drug patent expiration dates and generic entry opportunity dates are calculated from analysis of known patents and US regulatory protections covering drugs [1]. This methodology can be extended to ex-US jurisdictions by leveraging these estimates and tracking patent family members in other patent offices.

预测仿制药进入的一个挑战是阐明哪些专利和监管保护限制仿制药进入。这里展示的是一组估计的6种药物独占性丧失日期,从2022年5月到6月。这些估计的药物专利到期日期和仿制药进入机会日期是通过对已知专利和美国药品监管保护的分析计算得出的[1]。通过利用这些估算和跟踪其他专利局的专利家族成员,这种方法可以扩展到美国以外的司法管辖区。
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引用次数: 0
Recent update on drug patent linkage system in China. 中国药品专利联动制度最新进展。
IF 1.3 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0012
Weiwei Han
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引用次数: 1
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