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Lunar simulant behaviour in molten fluoride salt for ISRU applications 用于 ISRU 应用的熔融氟化盐中的月球模拟物行为
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105854
M. Maes , M. Gibilaro , P. Chamelot , C. Chiron , S. Chevrel , P. Pinet , L. Massot , J.J. Favier

This study investigated the behaviour of a lunar mare crystalline analog dissolved in molten LiF–NaF at 800 °C for the in situ production of metals as a part of In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) research. Molten fluorides have the capability to dissolve metallic oxides, and the Hall-Héroult process uses this kind of media to produce Al from Al2O3.The first step was to compare the individual solubility of the main oxides composing the mare lunar soil (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and MgO) with the solubility of the crystalline analog using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The species concentration added jointly are lower than the concentration of the same species added separately. Nonetheless, this study showed that LiF–NaF can be used to dissolve the analog with a maximum solubility of 3.9 wt% at 800 °C. Cyclic voltammograms were also used to verify the electroactivity of all oxide species in LiF–NaF, wherein all the main oxides are electroactive except SiO2 and TiO2. Then electrolyses on different cathodic substrates were performed at different conditions and the obtained cathodic products were analysed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Despite the non-electroactivity of SiO2 and TiO2, they were extracted in an alloyed form through Under Potential Deposition (UPD). Metallic deposition of other metals such as aluminium and titanium was achieved on carbon electrode. Finally, a synthetic mixture made of the different oxide species with the same chemical composition as the simulant, was investigated as a viable substitute for lunar mare soil. Its electrochemical behaviour was identical to the crystalline lunar simulant showing that our original process based on oxides dissolution is not influenced by the amorphous/crystalline state of the raw material.

the outputs of LiF–NaF molten process are not critically influenced by the physical state of the lunar regolith.

作为原地资源利用(ISRU)研究的一部分,本研究调查了在 800 °C 下溶解于熔融 LiF-NaF 中的月兔结晶类似物在原地生产金属方面的表现。熔融氟化物具有溶解金属氧化物的能力,霍尔-赫鲁特(Hall-Héroult)工艺就是利用这种介质从 Al2O3 中生产铝的。第一步是利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)比较构成月球泥土的主要氧化物(SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3 和 MgO)的溶解度与晶体类似物的溶解度。联合添加的物种浓度低于单独添加的相同物种浓度。不过,这项研究表明,LiF-NaF 可用来溶解类似物,在 800 °C 时的最大溶解度为 3.9 wt%。研究还利用循环伏安图验证了 LiF-NaF 中所有氧化物的电活性,其中除 SiO2 和 TiO2 外,所有主要氧化物都具有电活性。然后在不同的条件下对不同的阴极基底进行电解,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散光谱(EDS)对得到的阴极产物进行分析。尽管二氧化硅和二氧化钛不具有电活性,但它们还是通过欠电位沉积(UPD)以合金形式被提取出来。在碳电极上实现了铝和钛等其他金属的金属沉积。最后,还研究了一种由不同氧化物种类组成的合成混合物,其化学成分与模拟物相同,可替代月壤。它的电化学行为与结晶月球模拟物相同,这表明我们基于氧化物溶解的原始工艺不受原材料非晶/结晶状态的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive semigray climate model 全面的半灰色气候模型
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105866
Barton Paul Levenson

A climate model is developed for Earth climate history simulations or snapshots of possible conditions on Earthlike exoplanets. It includes estimates for shortwave and longwave optical thickness based on data from Venus, Earth, and Mars; expressions for atmospheric shortwave absorption and surface convective heat loss; climate feedbacks due to water vapor, ice-albedo, clouds, and lapse rate; and a new model for planetary and surface albedo which takes account of surface cover, Rayleigh scattering, and differing wavelength fractions due to primary spectral class. While somewhat complex, it is still orders of magnitude faster than full-spectrum methods or radiative-convective convergence. The model can be modified for use with tidally locked planets, and is here applied to Proxima Centauri b as an example.

开发了一个气候模型,用于模拟地球气候历史或类似地球的系外行星的可能状况。它包括基于金星、地球和火星数据的短波和长波光学厚度估算;大气短波吸收和地表对流热损失的表达式;水蒸气、冰-反照率、云和失效率引起的气候反馈;以及一个新的行星和地表反照率模型,该模型考虑了地表覆盖、瑞利散射和主光谱类别引起的不同波长分数。虽然有些复杂,但它仍然比全光谱方法或辐射对流收敛快几个数量级。该模型可以进行修改以用于潮汐锁定行星,在此以比邻半人马座 b 为例进行说明。
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引用次数: 0
An insight into India's Moon mission – Chandrayan-3: The first nation to land on the southernmost polar region of the Moon 深入了解印度的登月任务--"钱德拉延"-3:第一个登陆月球最南端极区的国家
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105864
Nand Jee Kanu , Eva Gupta , Girish C. Verma

With the mission's completion, India became only the fourth nation in history to successfully perform a soft landing on the Moon and the first nation to land a spacecraft close to the lunar south pole. The purpose of the article is to present a comprehensive review of the Chandrayaan-3 mission (a sequel operation to Chandrayaan-2) to demonstrate complete capabilities in secure lunar landing and exploration on the Moon's surface. It is equipped with a Vikram lander and Pragyan rover. An in-depth review is carried out to discuss the findings of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. The goals of Chandrayaan-3's mission are: (a) to show a safe and soft landing on the surface of the Moon; (b) to showcase roving lunar rover technology; and (c) to carry out in-situ scientific research. The goals are achieved through the lander payloads, which include the Langmuir Probe (LP), Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE), Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA), and Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure thermal conductivity and temperature. For lunar laser-ranging investigations, the space agency NASA has provided a passive Laser Retroreflector Array. The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) are rover payloads that were used to determine the elemental composition close to the landing site. The mission goals are highly accomplished with the successful hop experiment of Vikram on the Chandrayaan-3 mission! As ordered, it raised itself to a height of around 40 cm, turned on its engines, and then made a safe landing between 30 and 40 cm away. To put an end to the controversy, the study finishes with highlights on (a) the significant area of the southernmost polar region of the Moon with latitudes ranging from 60 to 90°S and (b) Shiv Shakti point (coordinates 69.373°S 32.319°E).

任务完成后,印度成为历史上第四个成功实现月球软着陆的国家,也是第一个将航天器降落在月球南极附近的国家。本文的目的是全面回顾 "月壤 3 号 "任务("月壤 2 号 "的后续行动),以展示在月球表面安全着陆和探索的完整能力。它配备了 Vikram 着陆器和 Pragyan 漫游车。本报告对 "月壤 3 号 "任务的研究结果进行了深入探讨。Chandrayaan-3 号任务的目标是(a) 展示在月球表面的安全软着陆;(b) 展示月球漫游车技术;(c) 开展原地科学研究。这些目标是通过着陆器有效载荷实现的,其中包括朗缪尔探测器(LP)、钱德拉表面热物理实验(ChaSTE)、月球地震活动仪器(ILSA)以及测量热导率和温度的钱德拉表面热物理实验(ChaSTE)。为进行月球激光测距研究,美国航天局提供了一个被动式激光逆反射阵列。阿尔法粒子 X 射线光谱仪(APXS)和激光诱导击穿光谱仪(LIBS)是漫游车有效载荷,用于确定着陆点附近的元素组成。随着维克拉姆号在 "钱德拉雅安-3 "号任务中成功进行跳跃实验,任务目标已高度完成!按照命令,它将自己提升到大约 40 厘米的高度,打开发动机,然后在 30 至 40 厘米之间安全着陆。为了结束争议,研究报告最后重点介绍了(a)月球最南端极区的重要区域,纬度范围为南纬 60 至 90 度;(b)Shiv Shakti 点(坐标为南纬 69.373 度,东经 32.319 度)。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility of high-spatial-resolution nighttime near-IR imaging of Venus’ surface from a platform just below the clouds: A radiative transfer study accounting for the potential of haze 从云层下方的平台对金星表面进行高空间分辨率夜间近红外成像的可行性:考虑到雾霾可能性的辐射传递研究
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105853
Anthony B. Davis , Kevin H. Baines , Brian M. Sutin , James A. Cutts , Leonard I. Dorsky , Paul K. Byrne

We use a customized radiative transfer model to show that sharp (10 m resolution) images of the Venus surface can be achieved at night in spectral windows free of CO2 absorption found between 1.0 and 1.2μm using a camera at 47 km altitude, just below the planet’s optically thick clouds. This is in spite of the Rayleigh scattering by the dense but still semi-transparent lower atmosphere, and the potential for underlying hazes beneath the clouds. The thermal radiation transmitted directly to the camera forms images of spatially varying surface emissivity and/or temperature at the native sensor resolution, platform stability permitting and under reasonable seeing conditions. Near-isotropic Rayleigh scattering dominates in the 1.0μm window. Combined with near-Lambertian reflections off the base of the cloud layer, the diffuse light field builds up a background radiance from surface emission averaged spatially out to several 10s of km, i.e., beyond the camera’s field-of-view. At the longer wavelengths (1.1 and 1.18μm windows), the sub-cloud atmosphere itself partially absorbs (hence less direct light), and therefore weakly emits (hence more background light), but the rapidly decreasing Rayleigh scattering compensates and contrast is maintained. In all cases, we demonstrate that the directly-transmitted surface-leaving radiance from the native sensor resolution element (10 m) is a significant fraction of the total radiance, and thus can be detected above the background light. Extending down to the 0.85 and 0.90μm spectral windows, there is less direct and more background due to the enhanced Rayleigh scattering, but the resulting reduction in contrast can be mitigated by co-adding the 10 m pixels. This technological advance will open a new era in Venusian geology by enabling discrimination between different surface materials at fine scales. Moreover, potentially active volcanism on our sister planet may be revealed by surface spots that are much hotter than their surroundings.

我们使用一个定制的辐射传递模型来表明,在夜间,使用一台位于 47 千米高空的照相机,可以在 1.0 至 1.2 微米之间的光谱窗口中获得清晰的(分辨率为 10 米)金星表面图像,这些光谱窗口没有二氧化碳吸收,正好位于金星光学厚云的下方。尽管有浓密但仍然半透明的低层大气的瑞利散射,以及云层下可能存在的潜在雾霾,但这并不影响热辐射。直接传输到热像仪的热辐射会在原生传感器分辨率、平台稳定性和合理视场条件下形成空间变化的表面发射率和/或温度图像。近各向同性的瑞利散射在 1.0 微米窗口中占主导地位。漫射光场与云层底部的近兰伯特反射相结合,形成了从表面发射平均到数十公里(即超出相机视场范围)的背景辐射。在较长的波长(1.1 和 1.18 微米窗口)下,云下大气本身会部分吸收(因此直射光较少),因此发射较弱(因此背景光较多),但迅速减弱的瑞利散射会起到补偿作用,从而保持对比度。在所有情况下,我们都证明了从本机传感器分辨率元件(10 米以下)直接传输的离开表面的辐射量是总辐射量的重要部分,因此可以在背景光之上进行探测。向下延伸到 0.85 和 0.90μm 光谱窗口时,由于瑞利散射的增强,直接光较少,背景光较多,但通过共同添加 ∼10 m 像素,可减轻由此造成的对比度降低。这一技术进步将开创金星地质学的新纪元,能够在精细尺度上区分不同的地表材料。此外,我们的姊妹行星上潜在的活火山活动可能会通过比周围环境温度高得多的表面斑点显露出来。
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引用次数: 0
A study of an interstellar object explorer (IOE) mission 星际物体探测器(IOE)任务研究
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105850
S. Alan Stern , Silvia Protopapa , Matthew Freeman , Joel Wm. Parker , Mark Tapley , Darryl Z. Seligman , Caden Andersson

The first discoveries of Interstellar Objects (ISOs), i.e., small bodies moving through our Solar System on high-speed hyperbolic orbits, occurred in 2017 and 2019, decades after ISOs were first predicted. The scientific value of ISOs is high, as they represent samples, most likely planetesimals, from other solar systems. A significant increase in the rate of ISO discoveries is expected in the late 2020s and in the 2030s owing to the advent of several new observing capabilities enabling more routine ISO detections. Here we investigate how a space mission to reconnoiter an ISO can be designed, including discussions of the scientific objectives and payload for such a mission, its unique mission design aspects, and some preliminary spacecraft and payload considerations, all in support of possible proposals to conduct such a mission in the 2030s.

星际天体(ISOs),即在高速双曲线轨道上穿过太阳系的小天体,在首次预测星际天体数十年后,于2017年和2019年首次被发现。ISOs 的科学价值很高,因为它们代表了来自其他太阳系的样本,很可能是行星碎片。预计在 2020 年代末和 2030 年代,由于一些新的观测能力的出现,ISO 的发现率将大幅提高,从而能够进行更多的常规 ISO 探测。在这里,我们将研究如何设计一个空间飞行任务来侦察 ISO,包括讨论这样一个飞行任务的科学目标和有效载荷,其独特的飞行任务设计方面,以及一些初步的航天器和有效载荷考虑,所有这些都是为了支持在 2030 年代进行这样一个飞行任务的可能建议。
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引用次数: 0
Structural study of graben within the Margaritifer Terra region of Mars 火星 Margaritifer Terra 地区地堑的结构研究
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105840
Supratik Basu, Ashmita Dasgupta, Abhik Kundu, Dipayan Dasgupta

The surface of Mars preserves a variety of structural and geomorphic features such as wrinkle ridges, graben, lobate scarps, impact basins, paleochannels etc., which owe their origin to endogenic processes of deformation as well as meteorite impacts. Graben, which form in extensional stress regimes, are one of the most common structural features identified on these planetary bodies. Many graben are observed in the Margaritifer Terra, a Noachian (4.1 Ga to 3.7 Ga) highland terrain in the southern hemisphere of Mars; but a detailed structural study of these graben have not been carried out so far. The diverse geomorphology of these graben such as their orientation, planform and disposition make the region interesting for structural geological studies. With an aim to unveil the causes behind the formation of these graben, detailed morphometric analyses, estimation of maximum displacement of the faults, and extension across them (ranging between ∼0.3 and ∼0.8 km), as well as age estimation (minimum ∼1 Ga to maximum ∼3.8 Ga) and correlation with the stratigraphic units are carried out on eleven prominent graben in the Margaritifer Terra. The graben belong to two age clusters: 1) late Noachian–early Hesperian and 2) Amazonian. The age-depth correlation, proximity to chaos and floor-fractured craters, absence of any dominant geographic trend and presence of circular graben together indicate that the graben were formed due to dike emplacement in the area in two distinct phases separated by about 2 Ga. Older graben were formed above dike tops at greater depth (>50 km below the surface) while dikes below the younger graben reached shallower levels (∼4 km below the surface) below the surface. The intrusive activities are local to the Margaritifer Terra region and were possibly not caused by Tharsis and Valles Marineris related deformation.

火星表面保留了各种结构和地貌特征,如皱脊,地堑,叶状疤痕,撞击盆地,古河道等,这些特征的形成源于内源变形过程和陨石撞击。在伸展应力机制中形成的地堑是这些行星体上最常见的结构特征之一。在火星南半球的诺亚纪(4.1 Ga 到 3.7 Ga)高原地形 Margaritifer Terra 中观察到许多地堑,但迄今为止尚未对这些地堑进行详细的结构研究。这些地堑的不同地貌,如走向、平面形态和布局,使该地区成为结构地质研究的热点。为了揭示这些地堑形成的原因,我们对 Margaritifer Terra 地区的 11 条主要地堑进行了详细的形态计量分析、断层最大位移估算、断层延伸(0.3 至 0.8 千米)、年龄估算(最小 1 Ga 至最大 3.8 Ga)以及与地层单元的相关性研究。这些地堑属于两个时代群:1)晚新元古代-早黑斯佩尔元古代;2)亚马逊元古代。年龄-深度的相关性、与混沌陨石坑和地面断裂陨石坑的邻近性、没有任何主要的地理趋势以及圆形地堑的存在共同表明,这些地堑是由于该地区的堤坝堆积而形成的,分为两个不同的阶段,相距约 2 Ga。年代较早的地堑形成于地表以下较深的堤顶之上(距地表 50 公里),而年代较晚的地堑之下的堤顶则位于地表以下较浅的位置(距地表 4 公里)。这些侵入活动是 Margaritifer Terra 地区的局部活动,可能不是由与 Tharsis 和 Valles Marineris 有关的变形引起的。
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引用次数: 0
ELSSIE: A compact stereo spectral imager for planetary surface morphology and composition ELSSIE:用于行星表面形态和构成的紧凑型立体光谱成像仪
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105841
Scott L. Murchie , Frank P. Seelos , Bethany L. Ehlmann , John D. Boldt , Lawrence E. Brown , Jacob M. Greenberg , Karl A. Hibbitts , W. Jeffrey Lees , David M. Linko , Joseph J. Linden , Graham P. Murphy , Jorge I. Núñez , Katherine L. Rorschach , Calley L. Tinsman , Frank Winterling

Here we describe the design, prototyping, testing, and simulations that were conducted to demonstrate the technology for a concept of the next generation landed planetary spectral imager, the Europa Lander Stereo Spectral Imaging Experiment (ELSSIE). The concept was developed originally for a Europa Lander mission, but the design is applicable, with simplifications, to any ocean world of the outer solar system or to non-icy bodies, including Enceladus, the Moon, Mars, or the surface of Ceres. ELSSIE's design consists of two subassemblies. A Sensor melds a high-resolution, 20-filter, 0.4–3.65 μm, adjustable-focus multispectral stereo imager with a 0.8–3.6 μm point spectrometer, sharing a radiation-shielded single Teledyne H2RG 2048 × 2048 pixel focal plane array (FPA). Each camera includes two 6-position filter wheels with 5 filters and a blank position, providing 10 bandpasses for each of the 2 stereo eyes, and uses 700 × 700 pixels of the FPA. The point spectrometer uses a 6 ×350 pixel strip of the FPA. The Sensor provides stereo and imaging/spectroscopic measurements of reflected light from visible to medium wave-infrared (MWIR) wavelengths to characterize surface morphology, search for pyroclastic plumes, search for organics, identify salts and possible biominerals, characterize crystalline vs. amorphous ice and ice grain sizes, and map the distributions of key phases. In addition to addressing important geologic questions, these measurements support selection of a site for in situ sampling and analysis. A Data Processing Unit (DPU) performs mitigation of radiation that penetrates the shielding using sets of same-filter image frames or spectra of a single spot by removing image spatial pixels with radiation hits, and coadding the remainder for the same spatial pixel, improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The DPU also performs onboard calibration of imager and spectrometer data, co-registration of multispectral images, and calculation of spectral index (“summary parameter”) images for efficient use of lander downlink. Co-registered multispectral image sets and spectra are retained onboard and can be downlinked upon query.

在此,我们介绍了为展示下一代着陆行星光谱成像仪--欧罗巴着陆器立体光谱成像实验(ELSSIE)概念的技术而进行的设计、原型制作、测试和模拟。该概念最初是为欧罗巴着陆器任务开发的,但经过简化后,其设计适用于外太阳系的任何海洋世界或非冰体,包括恩克拉多斯、月球、火星或谷神星表面。ELSSIE 的设计由两个组件组成。一个传感器融合了一个高分辨率、20 个滤光片、0.4-3.65 μm、可调焦距的多光谱立体成像仪和一个 0.8-3.6 μm 点光谱仪,共用一个辐射屏蔽的单个 Teledyne H2RG 2048 × 2048 像素焦平面阵列(FPA)。每台相机包括两个 6 位滤光片轮,其中有 5 个滤光片和一个空白位置,为 2 个立体眼提供 10 个带通,并使用 700 × 700 像素的 FPA。点光谱仪使用 6 × 350 像素的 FPA 条带。该传感器对从可见光到中波-红外(MWIR)波长的反射光进行立体和成像/光谱测量,以确定表面形态特征、搜索火成碎屑羽流、搜索有机物、识别盐类和可能的生物矿物、确定结晶冰与无定形冰的特征和冰粒大小,并绘制关键相的分布图。除了解决重要的地质问题,这些测量还有助于选择现场取样和分析的地点。数据处理装置(DPU)通过去除有辐射的图像空间像素,并对同一空间像素的其余部分进行叠加,提高信噪比(SNR),从而利用同滤镜图像帧集或单点光谱来减轻穿透屏蔽的辐射。DPU 还对成像仪和光谱仪数据进行机载校准,对多光谱图像进行共配准,并计算光谱指数("摘要参数")图像,以便有效利用着陆器下行链路。共同登记的多光谱图像集和光谱将保留在机载上,并可在查询时进行下行链路。
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引用次数: 0
Surface morphology inside the PSR area of lunar polar crater Shoemaker in comparison with that of the sunlit areas 月球极地陨石坑肖梅克(Shoemaker)PSR区域内的地表形态与阳光照射区域的地表形态对比
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105839
A.T. Basilevsky , Yuan Li

Our study is based on a photogeological analysis of the hill-shade images produced from the LOLA digital terrain models and on a stereometric analysis of LROC NAC images. Our results demonstrate that surface morphology of the permanently shadowed floor of crater Shoemaker is nearly identical to that of the regularly illuminated mare surface at the Lunokhod-2 working area and the surface of the highland plain of the Apollo-16 landing site, being dominated by populations of craters smaller than 1 km in diameters. Craters on the Shoemaker floor have approximately the same depth-to-diameter ratios as those within the Lunokhod-2 and Apollo-16 areas. The observed surface morphology of the Shoemaker floor is the result of meteorite bombardment like in other areas of the Moon. Within the permanently shadowed surface areas we detected no morphological peculiarities that could result from the absence of the diurnal temperature variations that excludes the temperature-related creep component of the downslope material movement. This probably means that in the areas with regular solar illumination, the role of the downslope movement of debris by thermally induced creep mechanisms is secondary compared to shaking by close and distant meteorite impacts and locally by moonquakes.

我们的研究基于对 LOLA 数字地形模型生成的山丘阴影图像进行的摄影地质学分析,以及对 LROC NAC 图像进行的立体测量分析。我们的研究结果表明,Shoemaker环形山永久阴影地面的表面形态与Lunokhod-2工作区和阿波罗16号着陆点高原平原表面的规则照明母岩表面几乎完全相同,主要是直径小于1千米的环形山群。肖梅克地面上的陨石坑深度直径比与卢诺霍德-2 号和阿波罗-16 号区域内的陨石坑深度直径比大致相同。所观察到的肖梅克地面的表面形态是陨石轰击的结果,与月球其他区域的情况一样。在长期被阴影笼罩的地表区域,我们没有发现任何形态特征,这可能是由于没有昼夜温度变化,从而排除了下坡物质运动中与温度有关的蠕变成分。这可能意味着,在有正常太阳光照的地区,与近距离和远距离陨石撞击以及局部月震造成的震动相比,由热引起的蠕变机制造成的碎片下坡运动的作用是次要的。
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引用次数: 0
Addendum to “Description, accessibility and usage of SOIR/Venus Express atmospheric profiles of Venus distributed in VESPA (Virtual European Solar and Planetary Access)” "在 VESPA(虚拟欧洲太阳和行星访问)中分发的 SOIR/Venus Express 金星大气剖面图的描述、可访问性和使用 "增编
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105842
L. Trompet , Y. Geunes , T. Ooms , A. Mahieux , V. Wilquet , S. Chamberlain , S. Robert , I.R. Thomas , S. Erard , B. Cecconi , P. Le Sidaner , A.C. Vandaele
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引用次数: 0
Describing the fragment mass distribution in meteorite showers 描述陨石雨中的碎片质量分布
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105838
I.G. Brykina, L.A. Egorova

The mass distribution of fragments is an important characteristic that often needs to be defined for forward modelling the interaction of disrupted meteoroids and asteroids with the atmosphere, and which can be inferred to some extent by the distribution of meteorites that fell to the ground. In previous studies, we derived a formula for the mass distribution of fragments of a disrupted body assuming a power law for the distribution in a differential form, and applied this formula to describe the results of many impact experiments modelling fragmentation of asteroids in outer space. The formula represents the cumulative number of fragments as a function of the fragment mass normalized to the total mass, the mass fraction of the largest fragment and the power index, which is the only free parameter adjusted to best fit the analytical distribution to the empirical one. Here, we use the proposed formula to describe the mass distributions of recovered meteorites that fell to the ground after the passage and disruption of thirteen extraterrestrial objects in the atmosphere, as well as the mass distributions of fragments of meteorite samples disrupted in impact experiments. A comparison is made between the distributions of unevaporated fragments of bodies disrupted in the atmosphere and the distributions obtained after the disruption of bodies in experiments. Some regularities in meteorite distributions and the influence of the incompleteness of the available collection of meteorites on their mass distribution are discussed.

碎片的质量分布是一个重要的特征,通常需要对其进行定义,以便对打散的流星体和小行星与大气层的相互作用进行前瞻性建模,在一定程度上可以通过坠落地面的陨石的分布来推断。在之前的研究中,我们推导出了一个关于被破坏天体碎片质量分布的公式,假定该分布以微分形式存在幂律,并应用该公式描述了许多模拟外太空小行星碎裂的撞击实验结果。该公式将碎片的累积数量表示为碎片质量(归一化为总质量)、最大碎片的质量分数和幂指数的函数,而幂指数是唯一可调整的自由参数,可使分析分布与经验分布达到最佳拟合。在这里,我们使用所提出的公式来描述 13 个地外天体在大气层中通过和破坏后坠落地面的回收陨石的质量分布,以及在撞击实验中被破坏的陨石样本碎片的质量分布。对在大气层中被破坏的天体未蒸发碎片的分布和在实验中天体被破坏后的分布进行了比较。讨论了陨石分布的一些规律性以及现有陨石收集的不完整性对其质量分布的影响。
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Planetary and Space Science
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