Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379940
D. Kocaoglu, S. Gozlu, T. Daim
This report presents the results of a research project on technology acquisition in the electronics industry. The objective of this research was to identify the alternatives used for technology acquisition and then to explain the implications of the various alternatives. For the purpose of this study, technology acquisition has been defined as "obtaining and adapting new technologies through know-how, hardware, software, design and manufacturing capability for improved performance and long-term competitiveness".<>
{"title":"Analyzing the technology acquisition process in the electronics industry of the silicon forest: a survey","authors":"D. Kocaoglu, S. Gozlu, T. Daim","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379940","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents the results of a research project on technology acquisition in the electronics industry. The objective of this research was to identify the alternatives used for technology acquisition and then to explain the implications of the various alternatives. For the purpose of this study, technology acquisition has been defined as \"obtaining and adapting new technologies through know-how, hardware, software, design and manufacturing capability for improved performance and long-term competitiveness\".<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127812678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379944
David Preston
Most information technology (IT) products have for exhibited exponential unit growth performance annually. This rapid development, alongside the subsequent increased volume use, has led moral philosophers to examine problems raised by IT less by moral judgement than through methods such as normative ethical theory and scenario analysis. This research, though often based in small samples and largely restricted to the USA, indicated a dramatic change in ethical indicators, often termed 'the applied or public turn in philosophy'. Alongside this there appears to be a heightened awareness of the moral repercussions of IT within the computer industry itself; particularly poignant being that of the new generation of computer scientists and engineers within the university sector. The author analysed and compared data from three types of user of IT: postgraduate student, undergraduate student and professional. These were further divided into technical and nontechnical, giving six categories in all. Scenario tests were used to help address nominative difference between various classes. The results showed a considerable similarity with those from an earlier USA survey; in particular professionals were remarkably consistent in their scenario replies. As an output of this survey the author drafted an ethical policy document to act as a focus for engineers and management discussion. The other developments are reported on and the rationale behind them discussed.<>
{"title":"Computer ethics: an engineering management paradigm","authors":"David Preston","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379944","url":null,"abstract":"Most information technology (IT) products have for exhibited exponential unit growth performance annually. This rapid development, alongside the subsequent increased volume use, has led moral philosophers to examine problems raised by IT less by moral judgement than through methods such as normative ethical theory and scenario analysis. This research, though often based in small samples and largely restricted to the USA, indicated a dramatic change in ethical indicators, often termed 'the applied or public turn in philosophy'. Alongside this there appears to be a heightened awareness of the moral repercussions of IT within the computer industry itself; particularly poignant being that of the new generation of computer scientists and engineers within the university sector. The author analysed and compared data from three types of user of IT: postgraduate student, undergraduate student and professional. These were further divided into technical and nontechnical, giving six categories in all. Scenario tests were used to help address nominative difference between various classes. The results showed a considerable similarity with those from an earlier USA survey; in particular professionals were remarkably consistent in their scenario replies. As an output of this survey the author drafted an ethical policy document to act as a focus for engineers and management discussion. The other developments are reported on and the rationale behind them discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121226440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379932
H. Tuominen, H. Jaakkola
This paper discusses the selection of business and marketing strategies and the relation of those to information technology. A reference model for a marketing model is derived on the basis of the theory of strategies and the theory of marketing information systems discussed in the paper. The empirical part of the paper describes the marketing information system defined on the basis of the theoretical model. This paper pays special attention to the potential use of the information system in the service of the entire marketing process and at various organizational levels. The system takes into account factors measuring the quality of the sales process. Speeding up and automating the processing of large masses of information on different levels of decision making in the target organization is also an important goal. This paper gives an overview of the development of the reference model, its application in the target organization and experiences of utilization of the new database marketing system.<>
{"title":"Reference model for a marketing information system and its application","authors":"H. Tuominen, H. Jaakkola","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379932","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the selection of business and marketing strategies and the relation of those to information technology. A reference model for a marketing model is derived on the basis of the theory of strategies and the theory of marketing information systems discussed in the paper. The empirical part of the paper describes the marketing information system defined on the basis of the theoretical model. This paper pays special attention to the potential use of the information system in the service of the entire marketing process and at various organizational levels. The system takes into account factors measuring the quality of the sales process. Speeding up and automating the processing of large masses of information on different levels of decision making in the target organization is also an important goal. This paper gives an overview of the development of the reference model, its application in the target organization and experiences of utilization of the new database marketing system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133524510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379901
S. Premeaux, R. Comish, S. Premeaux
Problems in engineering education are often addressed in relation to professional and technical engineering areas. While these problems are undoubtedly real, the factors which are important in relation to promotion of engineers to upper management may be overlooked by not only engineers, but also by engineering educators, even those educators engaged in student career advisement. Here, the authors argue that engineering educators must teach technical skills, but educators should also focus their attention on specific areas of management development which engineering students may need for career advancement. Managerial skills are often more abstract than engineering skills and may sometimes be viewed as less important by educators. This lack of exposure to critical managerial skills could account for the apparent lack of executives with engineering backgrounds. Realization of factors which enhance management performance, and subsequently results in promotion into the ranks of upper management, may provide the necessary insight for engineering educators to assist the future endeavors of engineering students in relation to management advancement.<>
{"title":"An engineer's perception of the path to the executive suite","authors":"S. Premeaux, R. Comish, S. Premeaux","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379901","url":null,"abstract":"Problems in engineering education are often addressed in relation to professional and technical engineering areas. While these problems are undoubtedly real, the factors which are important in relation to promotion of engineers to upper management may be overlooked by not only engineers, but also by engineering educators, even those educators engaged in student career advisement. Here, the authors argue that engineering educators must teach technical skills, but educators should also focus their attention on specific areas of management development which engineering students may need for career advancement. Managerial skills are often more abstract than engineering skills and may sometimes be viewed as less important by educators. This lack of exposure to critical managerial skills could account for the apparent lack of executives with engineering backgrounds. Realization of factors which enhance management performance, and subsequently results in promotion into the ranks of upper management, may provide the necessary insight for engineering educators to assist the future endeavors of engineering students in relation to management advancement.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131282552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379905
M. E. Richerson
The author describes how there are many challenges in the management of technical employees. These challenges include more than just technology. He argues that management must also explain business decisions, address group dynamics and understand the personalities of technical employees.<>
{"title":"Managing technical people, more than just technology","authors":"M. E. Richerson","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379905","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes how there are many challenges in the management of technical employees. These challenges include more than just technology. He argues that management must also explain business decisions, address group dynamics and understand the personalities of technical employees.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132145572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379943
M.H. Friebe, E.G. Lanzotti, M. Cannon, W. Lob
A near term goal of the EC/EU is the creation of a free-trade and borderless Europe. Europe however is not a homogeneous group of people, but a mixture of different cultures, languages, morals and business attitudes. Trading goods seems, and in actuality is, more simple to achieve than being successful in a complicated R&D program involving several EC/EU member countries. The EC parliament wants to stimulate this kind of cooperation with the introduction of generous sponsor programs in the areas of innovative R&D and distribution contracts. The intention of these programs is clear. However the actual implementation is far from perfect. Application procedures are complicated and involve an enormous amount of administrative tasks. Success rates are low for some of the programs, not making it worth while to even apply. This paper presents an actual case of a successful business venture between an Italian and a German company. EC/EU programs for small and medium sized enterprises (SME) were used to set up this cooperation. The authors supply information regarding the scope and content of some of the more interesting EC/EU programs for SMEs.<>
{"title":"European community (EC/EU) support programs for international R&D projects and distribution agreements","authors":"M.H. Friebe, E.G. Lanzotti, M. Cannon, W. Lob","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379943","url":null,"abstract":"A near term goal of the EC/EU is the creation of a free-trade and borderless Europe. Europe however is not a homogeneous group of people, but a mixture of different cultures, languages, morals and business attitudes. Trading goods seems, and in actuality is, more simple to achieve than being successful in a complicated R&D program involving several EC/EU member countries. The EC parliament wants to stimulate this kind of cooperation with the introduction of generous sponsor programs in the areas of innovative R&D and distribution contracts. The intention of these programs is clear. However the actual implementation is far from perfect. Application procedures are complicated and involve an enormous amount of administrative tasks. Success rates are low for some of the programs, not making it worth while to even apply. This paper presents an actual case of a successful business venture between an Italian and a German company. EC/EU programs for small and medium sized enterprises (SME) were used to set up this cooperation. The authors supply information regarding the scope and content of some of the more interesting EC/EU programs for SMEs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124217750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379948
B. Moore
A thorough requirements analysis prior to developing software can significantly improve the quality of the end product. The key benefit of this analysis is a better understanding of the end users' actual and underlying needs. Often the initial description of requirements does not accurately portray what the end users want. The outlined methodology including interviews with a cross section of users identifies three types of key information: what tasks are to be accomplished; the information flow; and future requirements. Armed with this knowledge, the system design and coding can be accomplished more quickly and accurately, user needs met effectively, and costs due to rework reduced substantially.<>
{"title":"Achieving software quality through requirements analysis","authors":"B. Moore","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379948","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough requirements analysis prior to developing software can significantly improve the quality of the end product. The key benefit of this analysis is a better understanding of the end users' actual and underlying needs. Often the initial description of requirements does not accurately portray what the end users want. The outlined methodology including interviews with a cross section of users identifies three types of key information: what tasks are to be accomplished; the information flow; and future requirements. Armed with this knowledge, the system design and coding can be accomplished more quickly and accurately, user needs met effectively, and costs due to rework reduced substantially.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127471569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379920
F. Schirrmeister, C. von Reventlow, K. Muller, J. Scheuermann
The possibilities of VLSI technology grow by a factor of 100 per decade. In parallel, design efficiency has been increased only by a factor 30 per decade, so major problems in the development of complex systems have been shifted from controlling new technologies to the management of the design process itself. Classical design methods tend to fail for VLSI circuits with increasing complexity, often due to communication problems. To avoid redesigns, the adoption of methods of neighbour discipline software engineering seems to be a good choice. This paper discusses the influence of these methods on the quality of VLSI designs in terms of errors per design and costs per error detection. Statements and experiences are based on statistical data collected during several developments of complex systems including VLSI components.<>
{"title":"Transferring software engineering methods to VLSI-design: a statistical approach","authors":"F. Schirrmeister, C. von Reventlow, K. Muller, J. Scheuermann","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379920","url":null,"abstract":"The possibilities of VLSI technology grow by a factor of 100 per decade. In parallel, design efficiency has been increased only by a factor 30 per decade, so major problems in the development of complex systems have been shifted from controlling new technologies to the management of the design process itself. Classical design methods tend to fail for VLSI circuits with increasing complexity, often due to communication problems. To avoid redesigns, the adoption of methods of neighbour discipline software engineering seems to be a good choice. This paper discusses the influence of these methods on the quality of VLSI designs in terms of errors per design and costs per error detection. Statements and experiences are based on statistical data collected during several developments of complex systems including VLSI components.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114338632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379926
D. Kocaoglu, M. Guven Iyigun
Continuous evaluation of engineering project ideas for portfolio selection and resource allocation is one of the most challenging decisions that managers make on an ongoing basis. Decisions regarding project portfolios must be continuously monitored and updated due to the emergence of new opportunities and availability of more profitable projects, changes in the technical and/or commercial success probabilities, possible changes in the organizational objectives and goals, and variations in the forecasts at different points in time as the development and implementation of optimal decision rules take place. This paper presents a decision support system to assist management in systematically allocating resources to competing interrelated R&D projects under uncertainty within semi-structured decision environments. The model and the decision process integrate and extend the attractive features of scoring techniques, pairwise comparison method and probabilistic tradeoff development method.<>
{"title":"Strategic R&D program selection and resource allocation with a decision support system application","authors":"D. Kocaoglu, M. Guven Iyigun","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379926","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous evaluation of engineering project ideas for portfolio selection and resource allocation is one of the most challenging decisions that managers make on an ongoing basis. Decisions regarding project portfolios must be continuously monitored and updated due to the emergence of new opportunities and availability of more profitable projects, changes in the technical and/or commercial success probabilities, possible changes in the organizational objectives and goals, and variations in the forecasts at different points in time as the development and implementation of optimal decision rules take place. This paper presents a decision support system to assist management in systematically allocating resources to competing interrelated R&D projects under uncertainty within semi-structured decision environments. The model and the decision process integrate and extend the attractive features of scoring techniques, pairwise comparison method and probabilistic tradeoff development method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127934299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379902
V. Awasthi
This paper presents a framework suggested by Kurt Lewin (1951) for analyzing the change process in activity-based costing (ABC) context. Specifically, the factors for change and the resistance to change at individual and organizational levels are discussed. The paper also suggests ways to overcome the resistance to change, and a model for implementing ABC based on the action research model. Four main stages of the model (data gathering, information sharing, action planning and implementation, and feedback) are discussed with reference to ABC.<>
{"title":"Activity-based costing: a model for implementing change","authors":"V. Awasthi","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379902","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a framework suggested by Kurt Lewin (1951) for analyzing the change process in activity-based costing (ABC) context. Specifically, the factors for change and the resistance to change at individual and organizational levels are discussed. The paper also suggests ways to overcome the resistance to change, and a model for implementing ABC based on the action research model. Four main stages of the model (data gathering, information sharing, action planning and implementation, and feedback) are discussed with reference to ABC.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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