Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379950
D. Braun, J.P. Chihorek
Engineering organizations that want to improve their processes, develop new procedures, or reengineer systems must look to their internal and external customers. They need to be intimately familiar with the needs and wants of those who receive their products and services. Too often organizations and their management assume they already know, or worse yet, never think to ask the question before moving off to change, improve, or reengineer their operations and processes. The design engineering organization at Loral Aeronutronic in Rancho Santa Margarita, California, has adopted and consistently practiced the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology for listening to the voice of their customers. Specific examples of the application of QFD, the building of the "house of quality," and the resulting revelations and sometimes unexpected "aha's" are presented and discussed. The authors present both a brief generic overview of the QFD methodology and the "house of quality" matrix, as well as a summary of a few Loral Aeronutronic applications, highlighting successes, stumbling blocks, mistakes, recoveries and lessons learned.<>
想要改进其过程、开发新程序或重新设计系统的工程组织必须关注其内部和外部客户。他们需要非常熟悉那些接受他们的产品和服务的人的需求和愿望。组织和他们的管理层常常认为他们已经知道了，或者更糟的是，在开始改变、改进或重新设计他们的操作和过程之前，从来没有想过要问这个问题。位于加州Rancho Santa Margarita的Loral Aeronutronic公司的设计工程组织采用并始终如一地实践了质量功能部署(QFD)方法，以倾听客户的声音。提出并讨论了应用QFD的具体例子，“质量之家”的建立，以及由此产生的启示和有时意想不到的“顿悟”。作者简要概述了QFD方法和“质量屋”矩阵，并总结了一些Loral航空电子应用，突出了成功、绊脚石、错误、恢复和吸取的教训。
{"title":"QFD at Loral Aeronutronic","authors":"D. Braun, J.P. Chihorek","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379950","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering organizations that want to improve their processes, develop new procedures, or reengineer systems must look to their internal and external customers. They need to be intimately familiar with the needs and wants of those who receive their products and services. Too often organizations and their management assume they already know, or worse yet, never think to ask the question before moving off to change, improve, or reengineer their operations and processes. The design engineering organization at Loral Aeronutronic in Rancho Santa Margarita, California, has adopted and consistently practiced the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology for listening to the voice of their customers. Specific examples of the application of QFD, the building of the \"house of quality,\" and the resulting revelations and sometimes unexpected \"aha's\" are presented and discussed. The authors present both a brief generic overview of the QFD methodology and the \"house of quality\" matrix, as well as a summary of a few Loral Aeronutronic applications, highlighting successes, stumbling blocks, mistakes, recoveries and lessons learned.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124649785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379928
I. Iyigun, Y. Tanes
Arcelik A.S. is a leading home appliance manufacturer in Turkey. The changing position of Turkey and the market led the organization to establish an R&D department in 1991. For effective utilization of R&D resources, a project prioritization and selection methodology has been developed. A weighted scoring model is selected as a base for the methodology. The method is extended to provide the involvement of upper management by defining new criteria and an interactive decision process. During the development of this model, department managers contributed to the identification of criteria. Implementation of the methodology as well as difficulties, solutions to them and organizational constraints are also summarized.<>
{"title":"An interactive project prioritization model implementation","authors":"I. Iyigun, Y. Tanes","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379928","url":null,"abstract":"Arcelik A.S. is a leading home appliance manufacturer in Turkey. The changing position of Turkey and the market led the organization to establish an R&D department in 1991. For effective utilization of R&D resources, a project prioritization and selection methodology has been developed. A weighted scoring model is selected as a base for the methodology. The method is extended to provide the involvement of upper management by defining new criteria and an interactive decision process. During the development of this model, department managers contributed to the identification of criteria. Implementation of the methodology as well as difficulties, solutions to them and organizational constraints are also summarized.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130840334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379922
D. Irianto
Inspection error is one important cause of consumer dissatisfaction particularly in consumer products. For decades, inspection for quality of product has been performed mostly at the end of production line. Therefore, any nonconformance from product's specification is known at the time they are inspected. One solution is applying in or between process's inspection. This becomes available by the use of sensor technology that is no longer expensive for specific purposes. Moreover, necessary in or between process's correction can be performed before parts or components are manufactured by the next process. In this study, an in-process inspection and correction facility is considered. Two sequences are compared, the first consists of process and inspection, where correction is performed by the same process. The second includes an additional correction facility and any nonconformance is corrected separately. Process, inspection and correction costs are considered as an economical measure of the accepted product for both sequences. On the other hand, an accepted product is not always perfect, it varies around its target value due to variation of process or correction and inspection error, finally resulting in loss to the consumer. A model of the sum of these costs and losses is used to determine the best sequence.<>
{"title":"In-process inspection and correction facilities subject to errors","authors":"D. Irianto","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379922","url":null,"abstract":"Inspection error is one important cause of consumer dissatisfaction particularly in consumer products. For decades, inspection for quality of product has been performed mostly at the end of production line. Therefore, any nonconformance from product's specification is known at the time they are inspected. One solution is applying in or between process's inspection. This becomes available by the use of sensor technology that is no longer expensive for specific purposes. Moreover, necessary in or between process's correction can be performed before parts or components are manufactured by the next process. In this study, an in-process inspection and correction facility is considered. Two sequences are compared, the first consists of process and inspection, where correction is performed by the same process. The second includes an additional correction facility and any nonconformance is corrected separately. Process, inspection and correction costs are considered as an economical measure of the accepted product for both sequences. On the other hand, an accepted product is not always perfect, it varies around its target value due to variation of process or correction and inspection error, finally resulting in loss to the consumer. A model of the sum of these costs and losses is used to determine the best sequence.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128864266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379923
A. Gulati, D. Jacobs
The purpose of this study was to develop a neural network based on real-time control system for fluid level in a given tank. The tank has an "I" shape with a circular cross sectional area varying across the "I" shaped profile height. The simulated "I" shaped tank has a height of 12 meters and divided into three sections. Each of the sections has a height of four meters. The tank is demarcated into water level marks from O m to 12 m at intervals of 1 each. An ANN is designed and developed for real-time control of water level in the tank. The goal was to enable a smooth change in target level at a constant rate of change inspite of the two nonlinearity points introduced by the "I" shaped structure of the tank, after a certain amount of uncontrolled output flow has occurred.<>
{"title":"Artificial neural networks for real-time process control","authors":"A. Gulati, D. Jacobs","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379923","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to develop a neural network based on real-time control system for fluid level in a given tank. The tank has an \"I\" shape with a circular cross sectional area varying across the \"I\" shaped profile height. The simulated \"I\" shaped tank has a height of 12 meters and divided into three sections. Each of the sections has a height of four meters. The tank is demarcated into water level marks from O m to 12 m at intervals of 1 each. An ANN is designed and developed for real-time control of water level in the tank. The goal was to enable a smooth change in target level at a constant rate of change inspite of the two nonlinearity points introduced by the \"I\" shaped structure of the tank, after a certain amount of uncontrolled output flow has occurred.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121779838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379924
G. C. Mcmeekin
This paper provides an estimation procedure to detect and to remove unintentional judgmental bias (UJB) in the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology for multicriteria decision making (MCDM). UJB reflects a "cyclical hierarchy" because of the existence of a structural dependence of alternatives on criteria. This violates the principle of hierarchic composition embodied in the AHP method. The judgment data for comparing the different sources of risk are susceptible to the "framing effect" bias. The reference AHP and the supermatrix approach can be used to detect for the presence of UJB in the original AHP data. The estimation and removal of UJB can be achieved by an L2 norm estimation procedure using the Stein estimator. This involves use of the generalized inverse theory and methodology. The feedback data matrices provide a "dual" formulation for the original AHP hierarchy. The supermatrix approach is based on a stationary Markov system involving the feedback matrix and the original AHP matrix local priorities at each level of the hierarchy. Once the original AHP judgment data has been revised to remove the UJB influence, it can then be used to provide the correct AHP sensitivity analysis.<>
{"title":"An estimation procedure to detect and remove unintentional judgemental bias (UJB) in the analytic hierarchy process methodology","authors":"G. C. Mcmeekin","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379924","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an estimation procedure to detect and to remove unintentional judgmental bias (UJB) in the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology for multicriteria decision making (MCDM). UJB reflects a \"cyclical hierarchy\" because of the existence of a structural dependence of alternatives on criteria. This violates the principle of hierarchic composition embodied in the AHP method. The judgment data for comparing the different sources of risk are susceptible to the \"framing effect\" bias. The reference AHP and the supermatrix approach can be used to detect for the presence of UJB in the original AHP data. The estimation and removal of UJB can be achieved by an L2 norm estimation procedure using the Stein estimator. This involves use of the generalized inverse theory and methodology. The feedback data matrices provide a \"dual\" formulation for the original AHP hierarchy. The supermatrix approach is based on a stationary Markov system involving the feedback matrix and the original AHP matrix local priorities at each level of the hierarchy. Once the original AHP judgment data has been revised to remove the UJB influence, it can then be used to provide the correct AHP sensitivity analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133684844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379951
I. Rozman, R. Vajde Horvat, J. Gyorkos
The current activities of organizations are marked with awareness of importance of quality improvement management. The end product quality assurance is not efficient enough. The quality should be introduced during the whole product development process. In this paper, the two models for software process quality improvement, the ISO 9001 (Quality Systems Model for quality assurance in design/development, production, installation, and servicing) and the SEI CMM (Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model), are introduced and compared. Based on experience with simultaneous introduction of both models in organizations, suggestions for the unification of both models are given.<>
{"title":"United view on ISO 9001 model and SEI CMM","authors":"I. Rozman, R. Vajde Horvat, J. Gyorkos","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379951","url":null,"abstract":"The current activities of organizations are marked with awareness of importance of quality improvement management. The end product quality assurance is not efficient enough. The quality should be introduced during the whole product development process. In this paper, the two models for software process quality improvement, the ISO 9001 (Quality Systems Model for quality assurance in design/development, production, installation, and servicing) and the SEI CMM (Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model), are introduced and compared. Based on experience with simultaneous introduction of both models in organizations, suggestions for the unification of both models are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127176832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379913
K. Murthy, R. Kadur, N. Nagaraju
Technological improvements in consumer products have been happening at an unprecedented pace, especially in the latter part of this century. This exponential technological progress is bound to continue for many more decades to come through the year 2000 and beyond. Many American industry giants and conglomerates have resorted to manufacturing in the far Eastern and Pacific rim countries, whereas many Japanese and European industry leaders have opened manufacturing and marketing locations in the US, to comply with the globalization trend of the business and economic environment. Companies are taking a global management approach to exploit this trend and to increase and maintain their market share. Many recent historic events like the unification of Germany, demise of the USSR and EEC-92 are examples of the changes prompting as well as justifying management approach befitting for survival in the global business environment. Any company developing and manufacturing products should be equipped to survive in this internationally competitive environment. Because high technology products become obsolete quickly, owing to the pace of the technological progress, product development and manufacturing techniques combined with long-term product planning as well as judicious product introduction schemes have to be employed, while maintaining a quality edge over competitors.<>
{"title":"Strategic business management in a competitive environment","authors":"K. Murthy, R. Kadur, N. Nagaraju","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379913","url":null,"abstract":"Technological improvements in consumer products have been happening at an unprecedented pace, especially in the latter part of this century. This exponential technological progress is bound to continue for many more decades to come through the year 2000 and beyond. Many American industry giants and conglomerates have resorted to manufacturing in the far Eastern and Pacific rim countries, whereas many Japanese and European industry leaders have opened manufacturing and marketing locations in the US, to comply with the globalization trend of the business and economic environment. Companies are taking a global management approach to exploit this trend and to increase and maintain their market share. Many recent historic events like the unification of Germany, demise of the USSR and EEC-92 are examples of the changes prompting as well as justifying management approach befitting for survival in the global business environment. Any company developing and manufacturing products should be equipped to survive in this internationally competitive environment. Because high technology products become obsolete quickly, owing to the pace of the technological progress, product development and manufacturing techniques combined with long-term product planning as well as judicious product introduction schemes have to be employed, while maintaining a quality edge over competitors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122387558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379960
A. Connelly
Companies are justifiably concerned about the quality of their products and the facilities that produce them. In a world where mass production consists of sequences of short runs, management influences the quality of the end product. The importance of project management in quality is shown by the fact that ISO 9000 requires firms seeking ISO certification to have many key project management practices in place. So, what about the quality project management? The author suggests that the quality of project management should follow the ISO model for services. Then using the ISO model he suggests indicators of excellent project management and the structure for a project management quality system.<>
{"title":"A quality system for project management","authors":"A. Connelly","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379960","url":null,"abstract":"Companies are justifiably concerned about the quality of their products and the facilities that produce them. In a world where mass production consists of sequences of short runs, management influences the quality of the end product. The importance of project management in quality is shown by the fact that ISO 9000 requires firms seeking ISO certification to have many key project management practices in place. So, what about the quality project management? The author suggests that the quality of project management should follow the ISO model for services. Then using the ISO model he suggests indicators of excellent project management and the structure for a project management quality system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121180197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379921
P. Saengpongpaew
Quality build-in computer aided process control is very important for the electronics industry to maintain a competitive advantage. Its purpose is to maintain and achieve the target of six sigma quality level. The paper presents the total quality improvement in a closed loop model that reflects the management and operational personnel required to ensure continuous improvement to the perfection of quality. The four main components of the model are: (1) a pyramid effect program; (2) building an SPC learning organization; (3) internally and externally focused quality; and (4) real-time quality feedback by computer aided process control.<>
{"title":"Quality build-in computer aided process control for the electronic industry","authors":"P. Saengpongpaew","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379921","url":null,"abstract":"Quality build-in computer aided process control is very important for the electronics industry to maintain a competitive advantage. Its purpose is to maintain and achieve the target of six sigma quality level. The paper presents the total quality improvement in a closed loop model that reflects the management and operational personnel required to ensure continuous improvement to the perfection of quality. The four main components of the model are: (1) a pyramid effect program; (2) building an SPC learning organization; (3) internally and externally focused quality; and (4) real-time quality feedback by computer aided process control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117217855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-17DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1994.379945
S. Kitsopoulos
An electronics engineer is about to visit a country in another continent where he hopes to sell communications technology. Before departure, he seeks advice about that culture from a colleague from a neighboring country who has done business there. When he arrives, he finds that none of the advice makes sense. Why? A group of Western executives visits an East-European country to arrange a joint manufacturing venture. It includes a native speaker who emigrated to the West forty years ago. Whenever he is present at various meetings communication breaks down. What is going on? The author explains how, when these and other incidents are analyzed, one realizes how one culture's perception of another is clouded by its own perception system. Statements about other cultures often reveal more about the people making them than they do about the foreign cultures in question. He details how there are various levels of understanding that need to be reached for effective cross-cultural communication.<>
{"title":"Technology transfer through cultural barriers in three continents","authors":"S. Kitsopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.1994.379945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.1994.379945","url":null,"abstract":"An electronics engineer is about to visit a country in another continent where he hopes to sell communications technology. Before departure, he seeks advice about that culture from a colleague from a neighboring country who has done business there. When he arrives, he finds that none of the advice makes sense. Why? A group of Western executives visits an East-European country to arrange a joint manufacturing venture. It includes a native speaker who emigrated to the West forty years ago. Whenever he is present at various meetings communication breaks down. What is going on? The author explains how, when these and other incidents are analyzed, one realizes how one culture's perception of another is clouded by its own perception system. Statements about other cultures often reveal more about the people making them than they do about the foreign cultures in question. He details how there are various levels of understanding that need to be reached for effective cross-cultural communication.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":200747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC '94","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126421759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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